Теория «больших пространств» Карла Шмитта применительно к политике Первого рейха: об актуализации понятия «(большое) пространство» в ретроспективе и перспективе

Abstract

The study of the processes that are taking place in the global political space is carried out with the active participation of scientific theories and doctrines relevant to the modern international context. In this regard, the research of Carl Schmitt’s theory of great spaces within which the German philosopher and jurist proposed a new spatial dimension of the political, has become relevant. The heuristic of Schmitt’s approach is to reconsider the traditional understanding of the concept of space and to include in the conceptual field of the political such categories related to space and reinterpreted by Schmitt as a concrete order, empire and Reich. Their analysis is presented by Schmitt in a number of his texts, in which medieval Germany played the role of a political and legal core that determined the fate of all European kingdoms for more than eight centuries (962 – 1802). The aim of the article is to analyze the main political and legal categories from the theory of "great spaces" by C. Schmitt (space – empire – Reich – concrete order) applied to medieval history of the First Reich and to substantiate the relevance of the spatial dimension of the political created by him. The article examines the reasons for Schmitt's appeal to examples from the medieval history of Europe; the interrelationships in the meanings of the concepts of (great) space and (concrete) order applied to the phenomena of empire and Reich; the relevance of the application of the theory of "great spaces" from the point of view of the current political and legal debates; the role of Schmitt's political and legal forecast regarding the prospects for establishing a single (political) space with global governance.