«Вопрос об отношении Церкви к национальности не есть вопрос отвлеченный»: проблематика национализма в церковной публицистике в годы Первой мировой войны

Abstract

The article examines the attitude of the Orthodox Church authors to the problem of nationalism, which was especially acute during the First World War. At that time the national feelings of people in Russian Empire passed through a series of metamorphoses: from overall patriotic upsurge to radical anti-German sentiment. The Orthodox clergy went through all those stages together with their parishioners, which was reflected in articles and sermons published in diocesan editions, religious magazines, conservative and liberal newspapers, and separate brochures. The author of the article believes that during the years of the First World War, there was no consensus among the clergy on the national question: some favored ethnic nationalism, others favored political one. Only the condemnation of militant German nationalism and the opinion that any nationalism was acceptable only in its religious and moral form based on the principles of Christian doctrine, remained invariable. The article names the key authors of the works on the declared topics, analyzes the content of their publications and the context of their appearance. The author gives the examples not only of the articles defending Russian nationalism, but also of the pacifist and pro-Ukrainian publications.