Оценка деформаций русла реки Камы и разработка рекомендаций по регламентации добычи нерудных строительных материалов в пределах нижнего бьефа Камской ГЭС

Abstract

This article considers issues of regulating the non-metallic building materials extraction in the lower reaches of large hydroelectric power plants. The problem is quite urgent when a large city is located in the lower tail of a hydroelectric power plant and the process of extraction of non-metallic building materials is superimposed on the rather complicated issues of interaction with other water users. The article employs the technique of mutual overlap of bathymetric surveys for the previous periods combined with the analysis of the declared volumes of extraction of non-metallic building materials. A simulating hydrodynamic model of the Votkinsk reservoir has been made, with taking into account the data on the fractional composition of bottom sediments. During the development of the model, we used the software products HEC-RAS v.4.1 and SMS v.11.1. The use of onedimensional and two-dimensional models made it possible to simplify calculations without significant loss of accuracy of calculations. Based on these models, a deformation of the bed was calculated under the standard conditions of the hydrological regime of the Kama and Votkinsk reservoirs. The outcome of the work is recommendations on the allocation of sites in the lower tail of the Kamskaya HPP, where the extraction of non-metallic building materials is not recommended, the areas where production is possible subject to a number of conditions and restrictions concerning the volume of production and areas where production is possible without restrictions.