МІСТОБУДІВНЕ, ЕКОЛОГО-ГІГІЄНІЧНЕ ОБҐРУНТУВАННЯ НОРМУВАННЯ САНІТАРНО-ЗАХИСНИХ ЗОН ДЛЯ ОБ'ЄКТІВ ІНФРАСТРУКТУРИ – АВТОМОБІЛЬНИХ ЗАПРАВНИХ СТАНЦІЙ ЯК СКЛАДОВА ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ ДЕРЖАВНОГО УПРАВЛІННЯ

Abstract

B a c k g r o u n d . In connection with the shortage of land resources in the largest cities and megalopolises, the issue of the location of existing automobile refueling stations (ARS) and the design of prospective residential buildings close to them, as well as the location of projected ARS in already established suburban areas, are becoming increasingly important. This is happening against the background of rapid motorization of modern society. This also necessitates the formation of new approaches to solving modern problems in the planning and development of the territories of settlements, namely state regulation on the standardization of sanitary protection zones (SPZ) for modern ARS. The purpose and task of the research is to carry out the ecological and hygienic substantiation of the regulation of SPZ for infrastructure objects – modern ARS, taking into account their differentiation in terms of capacity and degree of impact on the environment and the level of fire safety, as a component supply of public administration, to regulate the urban planning situation and make administrative and management decisions. The subject of the study is the achievement of safe conditions for the location of ARS on the territory of populated areas by means of ecological and hygienic standardization of the SPZ for them. The object of the study is the ecological, hygienic and fire safety of ARS for the population of residential and public buildings adjacent to the territory of the ARS as a component supply of public administration. M e t h o d s . In the research process, abstract-logical, theoretical, modeling, instrumental and statistical and method of legal regulation – standardization of SPZ of infrastructure objects – modern ARS. R e s u l t s . The article presents the results of comprehensive studies on the justification of the standardization of new SPZ for modern ARS according to urban planning, ecological and hygienic criteria and the level of fire safety as a component supply of public administration. The establishment of SPZ for ARS is substantiated, taking into account their differentiation in terms of capacity, the state of implementation of environmentally friendly fuel handling technologies and the level of fire safety, which is important for making administrative and management decisions regarding the development of the territories of settlements adjacent to them. The introduction of environmentally friendly equipment and modern technologies, the implementation of environmental protection measures during fuel storage at ARS are effective measures, both at the local self-government level and at the state level, which will slow down climate change on Earth. According to the research results, the classification of ARS according to the ecological and hygienic characteristics of gross emissions from sources of atmospheric air pollution is proposed: small, medium and large ARS, which is important from the point of view of urban planning. С o n c l u s i o n s . On the basis of a comprehensive approach, the adequacy of the standard SPZ of 50 m for small and mediumcapacity ARS has been proven, and the creation of a new safe for the health and life of the population, from the point of view of urban planning, the size of the SPZ of 100 m for large-capacity ARS has been substantiated. It is proposed to approve the new standard of 100 m for high-capacity ARS at the state level by making changes to the existing regulatory framework of urban planning and sanitary legislation. It is substantiated as a component supply of public administration, the introduction of the range of changes in the sizes of SPZ for modern fire- and explosive-hazardous facilities in the legislation and practice of Ukrainian entrepreneurship on the basis of urban planning, ecological and hygienic justification and the level of fire safety. The vector of further research should be aimed at the further implementation into the national urban planning, environmental and sanitary legislation of the requirements of the EU Directives, foreign experience in strengthening fuel quality control, ARS emission control and the introduction of advanced technologies and environmental protection measures at ARS, the use of modern transport to reduce negative impact on the environment and adjacent residential and public buildings, which will serve the formation of modern, environmentally conscious, independent domestic entrepreneurship.