Критерії відбору високопродуктивних кнурів-плідників і свиноматок за відгодівельними і м’ясними якостями їх потомства з використанням деяких оціночних індексів

Abstract

The aim of the work is to study the fattening and meat qualities of young white pigs and to determine the criteria for selection of high-yielding breeding boars and sows using some evaluation indices. It was found that young pigs of large white breed of the controlled population at the age of 100 kg exceed the minimum requirements of the elite class by 6.13%, the thickness of the fat at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae — 32.25% and the length of chilled carcass — 3.92%. Significant difference between animals of different intrabreed differentiation according to the Tyler index (groups I and III) was established by the average daily gain of live weight during the control period of fattening (91.7 g), age of 100 kg live weight (7.3 days), fat thickness at the level of 6–7 thoracic vertebrae (3.4 mm), length of chilled carcass (1.7 cm), length of bacon half of chilled carcass (2.7 cm). Taking into account the intrabreed differentiation according to the Sazer-Fredin index, it was found that young pigs of group II outperformed peers of I on average daily live weight gain for the period of control fattening by 4.03%, age of 100 kg — 3.67% and length of chilled carcass — 0.2%. The pairwise correlation coefficient between fattening and meat qualities of young pigs and evaluation indices ranges from –0.710 (tr=10.24) to +0.844 (tr=20.98). The maximum increase in additional products was obtained from young pigs of the first experimental group according to the Tyler index (+5.03%) and the second experimental group according to the Sazer-Fredin index (+1.12%). The cost of additional products obtained from young pigs of these groups, provided that the selling price per 1 kg of live weight of young pigs at the time of the study was 47.5 UAH. is +247.51 and +55.42 UAH/animal respectively. Thus, the criteria for selecting highly productive breeding boars and sows for fattening and meat qualities are the limits of the Tyler index 214.89–242.85, the Sazer-Fredin index — –3.018 — –0.102 points.