Анализ тенденций развития традиционных промыслов коренных народов в условиях климатических изменений (на примере Новосибирских островов и прибрежных арк­тических районов Якутии)

Abstract

The article considers the possible positive impact of climate change in the Arctic zone of Russia on the traditional trades of indigenous peoples. The authors have carried out an analysis of trends in the development of fossil mammoth bone and wild reindeer extraction against the background of climatic changes occurring in the region. They have revealed that climate changes in the area of the Novosibirsk Islands archipelago and coastal Arctic regions contribute to an increase in vegetation productivity, thus creating new conditions for the development of reindeer husbandry and an increase in the number of wild reindeer. Based on the MODIS satellite image-processing model, the researchers have estimated the changes in the food supply of wild reindeer on the Novosibirsk Islands for the period 2000-2021. The results show that the degradation of permafrost rocks under conditions of climate change contributes to the development of traditional activity of indigenous peoples in the field of collecting fossil animal derivatives. The authors have confirmed the hypothesis about the positive impact of climate change on these areas of traditional activity by data on the dynamics of allocated quotas for the production of wild reindeer in 2010-2023, as well as data on issued and current licenses for the collection of fossil mammoth bones in the Republic of Sakha (Yakutia) for 2016-2024. Basing on the results, the authors suggest developing traditional trades of indigenous peoples in the Arctic zone of the country and elaborating adaptation measures for the local population to the climate change processes.