МЕТОД РАСЧЕТА ВЫБРОСА ДИОКСИДА УГЛЕРОДА МАШИННО-ТРАКТОРНЫМИ АГРЕГАТАМИ НА ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ ОПЕРАЦИЯХ, С УЧЕТОМ ВЛИЯНИЯ ПАРАМЕТРОВ АГРЕГАТОВ НА ФОРМИРУЕМЫЙ УРОЖАЙ ЗЕРНОВЫХ КУЛЬТУР

Abstract

Researches were conducted for the purpose of development of a method of calculation of emission of carbon dioxide by machine and tractor units on technological operations in crop production at cultivation of grain crops. The criterion of optimization of parameters and operating modes of soil-cultivating, sowing and other units – the minimum emission of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere at their production, maintenance and production operation is offered. Feature of the offered method is the fact that it considers the influence of parameters of the equipment on losses of a potential harvest which to avoid at today's level of development of the equipment and technologies it is impossible. Formation of a harvest results from absorption by carbon dioxide plants from the atmosphere and, partially, from the soil. Carbon dioxide (CO2) which the lost harvest could absorb from the atmosphere is removed from a circulation, so remains in the air, and in our technique it is attributed to CO2 released into the atmosphere at production, service and operation of the unit. In article the method of calculation of the amount of the carbon dioxide necessary for the formation of unit of a grain part of a harvest and not grain part accompanying it is in detail considered. The formula which allows to calculate the mass of carbon dioxide in kg for the formation of grain weighing 1 kg is offered. It became clear that from grain crops on formation of unit of a harvest, most of all CO2 from the atmosphere is absorbed by winter rye (about 3 kg/kg), further corn (2.8 kg/kg by theoretical calculations). Leaning on these researches, the mathematical model of operation of machine and tractor units on technological operations on preparation of the soil for crops and crops by the offered criterion of optimization is developed. An inspection of operability of the offered method by carrying out computing experiments with use of the created mathematical model on technological operation – preparation of the soil heavy disk harrows is carried out. During calculations of influence weight of the tractor, power of its engine, width of capture of the unit and working speed of the unit on carbon dioxide emission became clear. The minimum emission of carbon dioxide, for conditions of carrying out a computing experiment, is provided weighing tractor of 145 kN. The tractor weight deviation towards increase or reduction leads to growth of emission of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere.