Грудное вскармливание: первая ступень на пути к формированию сбалансированного состава кишечной микробиоты как один из способов профилактики некоторых социально значимых заболеваний

Abstract

The non-systematic literature review describes the mechanisms by which breastfeeding prevents the development of the metabolic syndrome and socially significant diseases associated with it: obesity, diabetes type 2 and atopic diseases. One of the mechanisms of metabolic programming is the effect of breast milk on the development of the infant's intestinal microbiota. Human milk oligosaccharides can stimulate the growth of commensal bacteria. Cytokines, secretory immunoglobulins, leukocytes, lactoferrin and lysozyme can prevent colonization by pathogenic microorganisms and prevent an increase in the permeability of the intestinal barrier, the absorption of bacterial metabolic products, including lipopolysaccharide, and the development of systemic inflammation, including inflammation adipose tissue. Polyunsaturated fatty acids from breast milk prevent adipocyte hypertrophy at an early age and the development of obesity in the adults. Adiponectin prevents insulin resistance, other hormones that are part of breast milk influence the eating habits of children and prevent weight gain in adulthood. The inclusion of breast milk components in artificial mixtures has the potential to prevent the development of many socially significant diseases.