Аналіз поширеності часткових дефектів зубних рядів та потреби в кістковій пластиці з метою встановлення ендоосальних імплантатів при дистально-необмежених дефектах зубних рядів

Abstract

Relevance of research. In planning the treatment of partial edentulousness, the Kennedy classification of dentition defects plays an important role in the choice of the type and design of the prosthesis. The structure and morphology of dentition defects, in particular distally unlimited ones, is of great importance in the context of planning effective prosthetic rehabilitation of patients, including pre-prosthetic surgical preparation. The purpose of the study: to investigate the prevalence and structure of dentition defects and the need for bone grafting for the placement of endosseous implants in distally unlimited dentition defects for successful prosthetic rehabilitation. Materials and methods. Radiological, statistical and digital modelling methods were used for the study. Results and discussion. Partial absence of teeth is one of the most common types of pathology of the dental system. According to the results of the analysis of 198 computed tomography scans of the jaws, 76.76% of patients aged 25-60 years had partial defects in the dentition. Distally unlimited defects were found in 46.35% of jaws with partial edentulousness in the age group of 25-60 years. It should be noted that 15.7% of patients had combined distally unlimited defects of the dentition on both jaws. Based on the study data, a large percentage (42.37%) of jaws with Kennedy class I dentition defects that required bone grafting was noted, and a slightly lower percentage (26.53%) of those requiring bone grafting in Kennedy class II. Conclusions. The results of the study indicate the need for careful planning of the surgical and orthopedic stages of implantsupported prosthetics, risk assessment and, to some extent, delay of the final stage of prosthetic rehabilitation of patients with distally unlimited dentition defects. Key words: distally unlimited defects of the dentition, Kennedy classification, bone grafting, endosseous implants.