Изучение взаимосвязи состояния костной системы по данным двойной энергетической рентгеновской абсорбциометрии и локальной плотности челюстей у пациентов с адентией при планировании дентальной имплантации

Abstract

Background. Timely an accurate diagnostics before the implant placement allows to get a correct anatomical rehabilitation and a satisfactory functional result. The success of dental implants in patients with osteoporosis depends primarily on the quality of the jaw bones. Aims. To study the relationship between the state of the skeletal system according to double energy X-ray absorptiometry and local density of the jaws in patients with adentia when planning dental implantation. Materials and methods. By using a densitometric method 690 patients aged between 18 to 84 years were examined prior the dental implantation. The 547 of 690 patients were women (79.3%) and 143 men (20.7%). Measurements of bone mineral density were carried out on a bone densitometer "QDR-4500A" ("Hologic"), which allows to evaluate the following parameters: elasticity, density and stiffness of the bone tissue. The study of the local density of the jaw bones was carried out by the method of cone-beam computed tomography(CBCT). Local bone density measurements were recorded in Hounsfield units (HU). Results. There is a directly proportional relationship between the results of densitometry of the axial skeleton and the density of the bone tissue of the jaws – the lower the mineral density of the bone tissue of the axial skeleton, the lower the absorption coefficient of the jaw – the Hounsfield index. As an effective sign, indicators of the state of the bone of the alveolar ridge of the lower jaw were used. The correlation between the mineral density of the skeletal system from the alveolar process of the jaws was r=0.88, which indicates a high level of feedback of these indicators. Conclusions. Diagnosis of the normal bone density, osteopenia, osteoporosis by using bone densitometry allows to determine the indications for implantation with great accuracy. There is a directly proportional relationship between the results of densitometry of the axial skeleton and the local density of the bone tissue of the jaws. Keywords: osteoporosis, densitometry (dual energy x-ray absorptiometry), dental implantation, cone beam computed tomography