Буддийская критика обоснования варновой системы брахманистами. О русском переводе «Ваджрасучи». Игла с алмазным острием (Ваджрасучи). Пер. с санскр. и примеч. Р.В. Псху

Abstract

In the later period of the development of Indian philosophy (VII century), one of the most interesting questions marked the boundary of Brahmanic thought and its most categorical opponent, Buddhism: the question of the existence of universals. Despite the fact that at first glance this dispute seems purely philosophical and therefore comparable to a similar phenomenon in Western European philosophy, nevertheless, in the history of Indian philosophy, the problem of universals arises in a certain context, explaining their appearance as a ‘situational’ phenomenon. In the VII century, Kumārila Bhaṭṭa, in a dispute with the Buddhist Dharmakīrti, resorted to universals in justifying the legality of the Varṇa system: all brahmins are united by one common property or universal – brahmanism, due to which brahmins differ from all other people. We can talk about the existence of a certain paradigm in the Brahmin culture, which explains the social structure of ancient Indian society, and the affirmation by all philosophical systems of classical Indian philosophy, united by the name of āstika (recognizing the Vedas), and the grammatical structure of Sanskrit in Pāṇini’s work, and many other realities of Brahmin culture. The article examines the text of Vajrasūcī attributed to the early Buddhist author Aśvaghoṣa, in which a condensation of possible arguments against the Varṇa system and the exclusive status of the Brahmins is proposed. The article presents the translation of Vajrasūcī from Sanskrit into Russian.