Использование растворов борной кислоты в орга-нических жидкостях в качестве борсодержащих микро-удобрений. Влияние на урожайность и химический состав зерна озимой и яровой пшеницы

Abstract

The conditions for dissolution of boric acid in monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethanolamine, glycerol, ethylene glycol and morpholine were selected, which made it possible to obtain low-viscosity solutions with a concentration that was many times higher than the max-imum attainable concentration in water and did not produce precipitates during storage. The resulting solutions were used as microfertilizers for foliar feeding and seed treatment of win-ter (Moskovskaya 56) and spring (Zlata) wheat. The use of boron as a microelement contributed to the preservation of a larger number of living plants of winter wheat during the wintering peri-od, and, consequently, the better winter hardiness of the crop. The maximum value of the winter wheat yield was obtained when the seeds were treated with monoethanolamine borate. The high-est values of the indicators of the yield structure belonged to the grain of winter wheat against the background of the seed treatment with a chelated form of boron: for the number and weight of grains when monoethanolamine borate was used; for the length of the ear when glycerol borate was used. The treatment of the Moskovskaya 56 wheat seeds with the microelement led to an increase in the amount of nitrogen in the grain relative to the control by 7–11 %. The highest values belonged to the variants including the treatment of seeds with the traditional form of the element (aqueous solution of boric acid), as well as the treatment with monoethanolamine borate. The maximum increase in the yield of the Zlata spring wheat was observed on feeding with a solution of boric acid in glycerol: 3.26 t / ha (2.1 times higher than on feeding with the traditional form of the microelement). Boron as a microelement contributed to an increase in the structural parameters of spring wheat plants in all forms. The greatest positive effect was noted from the action of glycerol borate, where the difference to the control variant was 2.4 times for the number of grains in an ear to the control, and their weight was 2.7 times. After the use of boron the spring wheat gluten was characterized as good (quality group I).