The authors are pleased to review the book Violence, Trauma, and Trauma Surgery because of its unique interpretation on trauma management, which differs from the traditional “practical” approach (ie, organ- or disease-specific management). Many medical trauma textbooks do not highlight this holistic view of the care of the severely injured patient, their families, and community and of the health care providers. Trauma and violence are a worldwide problem, accounting for >10% of global deaths and 16% of disabilities of which >90% occur in low- or middle-income countries. Violence, Trauma, and Trauma Surgery attempts a root cause analysis of why trauma, in particular interpersonal violence, occurs in the first place. The book is divided into 3 broad sections: the ethical issues related to violence, the ethical issues related to trauma, and trauma surgery. The Haddon Matrix is a simplified, but effective grid map reflecting the entire spectrum of the root causes of trauma and the categories that may be instilled in dealing with it. It is divided into “what can be done,” by looking at host, agent, and environment before, during, and after to identify factors to improve trauma care, especially prevention. Despite this, over 90% of trauma expenditure (fiscal and effort) is spent on in-hospital trauma care. Authors suggest that this is a dated and inefficient approach. Many chapters are enhanced with concise, but smartly written trauma vignettes to generate a “lean in” factor for the reader before exploring the issues, allowing these personal stories to act as the backdrop narrative. Examples are used for leading changes, and a very pragmatic approach is kept across the entire book. Siegler and Rogers have used Chicago as the storyboard to the book, which at first may seem limiting, but in reality, trauma and violence in the Chicago area is a benchmark for other trauma systems. This area can be seen as a microcosm of the condition in all Western cities, particularly in the United States. This book analyzes the socioeconomic burden of trauma on society, including an exploration as to why those from impoverished areas are significantly more likely to suffer violence. In addition, people living in deprivation suffer more severe violence, while they are less likely to receive the same level of care provided in more affluent areas, resulting in a higher mortality. These societal inequalities with associated health outcome differences have been explored in other books (eg, County: Life & Death at Chicago’s Public Hospital, Ansell DA, ed, Chicago, IL, Academy Chicago Publishers, 2013; and The Death Gao, Ansell DA, ed, Chicago, IL, The University of Chicago Press, 2017). Siegler and Rogers textbook is unique, in that it deals specifically with trauma and violence as societal diseases that has a cause-and-effect relationship with economic hardship at both individual and societal levels. Siegler and Rogers are leaders in their field, including community activism and ethics. Dr Rogers has a long resume of managing trauma and developing trauma systems throughout the United States, while Dr Siegler complements Dr Roger’s distinctive perspective on trauma care with his extensive academic background in medical ethics at the University of Chicago. The relevance of this topic is related to the recently established Level 1 trauma center on the Southside of Chicago (University of Chicago Medicine Level One Trauma Center), which resides among one of the most underprivileged urban areas in America, and one of its most violent! The new hospital was opened almost 28 years to the day that the previous trauma center shut its doors! The new center was required to timely serve the areas most in need of advanced trauma care, which in itself follows the mantra of fastest response for the severely injured. This book recognizes and explores that trauma and violence are first and foremost an economic problem, with both cause and effect. Economic segregation is perhaps the root of all segregation, including racial, because economic hardship quickly leads to cultural segregation, within the most deprived areas out of which crime and violence are cultivated. Without addressing these or certainly understanding them, we are doomed to continue repeating the same mistakes in society over and over. Meanwhile, trauma and violence continue to grow and the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that trauma will be the fifth leading cause of death by 2030. This book is a must for all trauma providers (doctors, nurses, paramedical, others) or any health care provider or ancillary staff, including pastoral care, chaplaincy, and social work, who wish to further explore ways of reducing the health care gap in society and how that will benefit all members. Indeed, many hospitals around the world were first founded and established in the most impoverished sections of society, with a deeply rooted religious and ethical ethos to care for those with the greatest needs. Thus, social and economic health are synonymous with the management of all disease, including violence. Prevention is largely undermined, and this is a mistake given that violence could be avoided by simple community interventions. Violence, Trauma, and Trauma Surgery is a book that presents several reflections, solutions, and controversies. “Past and future are 2 aspects of the same coin. The name of the coin is mind.” ―Osho, Book of Wisdom. Siegler and Rogers encourage the reader to use their mind and act before the injury occurs. Their book is a reflection on society, not just a complete and detailed guide for health care providers. Francesca Rubulotta, MD, PhD, MBA, FRCA, FICMDepartment of Anaesthesia and Intensive Care MedicineImperial College LondonLondon, United Kingdom[email protected]Morgan McMonagle, MB BCh, BAO, MD, FRCSI, FRCPSGlas, FACSDepartment of Trauma and SurgeryImperial College LondonLondon, United Kingdom