Children are largely absent from circular economy and bioeconomy research, limiting opportunities for early development of systems thinking, sustainability competencies, and inclusive knowledge production. This paper presents a qualitative case study of the Horizon 2020 AgroCycle project (2016–2019), examining how primary school children were engaged as co-researchers through a transdisciplinary, participatory model. Analysis draws on project deliverables, educational resources, workshop records, internal reports, and dissemination materials. The study shows how children and adult co-researchers explored waste valorisation, bioresource transformation, and biobased material innovation in Irish schools. Valorisation in the context of the bioeconomy is the process of converting residues from farming, food, forestry and marine sources into high-value products such as biofertilisers, biofuels and biochemicals. It situates AgroCycle within European sustainability policy, highlighting its influence on subsequent initiatives, including Horizon Europe BioBeo and BiOrbic, Research Ireland’s Centre for Bioeconomy. By combining qualitative case study methodology with reflective practitioner analysis, the paper demonstrates how child-centred, transdisciplinary research can enhance sustainability education, support SDG-aligned competencies, and promote inclusive approaches to circular economy and bioeconomy transitions.

The emergence of Agentic Artificial Intelligence (Agentic AI)—autonomous systems capable of independent reasoning, planning, and executing actions across enterprise environments—presents a defining strategic paradox for Managing Directors and C-Suite executives in financial services. These leaders face an unprecedented challenge: aggressively deploying autonomous AI systems to drive operational efficiency and competitive advantage while maintaining unyielding regulatory compliance, operational stability, and risk management. This paper examines this paradox through a dual lens of practitioner job descriptions and scholarly literature. Practitioner sources reveal that executives are expected to simultaneously architect cloud-native AI platforms, operationalize Model Risk Management (MRM) frameworks for autonomous agents, define portfolio prioritization rubrics for agentic systems, establish human-in-the-loop and human-on-the-loop control mechanisms, and deliver quantifiable ROI—often without established playbooks or precedents. These roles demand deep fluency across a complex technical stack, including multi-agent orchestration frameworks, tool-use architectures, MLOps for agent monitoring, and governance systems for autonomous decision-making. Scholarly literature offers foundational insights through transdisciplinary research models, temporal perspectives on the academic-practitioner gap, and critical pragmatism as a bridging philosophy. However, a critical gap exists at the intersection of agentic AI implementation and executive strategic leadership: there is no empirical understanding of how senior leaders actually navigate the organizational, regulatory, and technical complexities of scaling autonomous AI systems in highly regulated environments. Adopting a Scholar-Practitioner approach, this proposed research will investigate how Managing Directors, CIOs, CTOs, and CDOs in banking and insurance navigate these challenges. The study will employ a qualitative multiple-case study design, integrating adaptive leadership theory with AI governance constructs to explore how executives balance innovation imperatives with control requirements in the age of autonomous AI. Findings will contribute actionable frameworks for executive decision-making, organizational design, and risk governance, bridging the gap between academic theory and practitioner need.

Growing scientific evidence suggested that hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) might play a crucial role in the development of lung cancer, which might be influenced by the epidermal growth factor (EGF)/EGF receptor. However, the specific causality behind the association has not been clarified due to potential bias. Thus, a Mendelian randomization (MR) study was conducted to investigate the effects of gene-determined elevated plasma HGF on the risk of lung cancer and its subtypes, as well as the mediating effects of EGF. Thirteen instrumental variants for plasma HGF were derived from a genome-wide association study (GWAS) with 21,758 European participants, presented in SCALLOP consortium. Datasets of lung cancer and its subtypes (lung adenocarcinoma [LUAD], lung squamous cell cancer [LUSC], and small cell lung cancer [SCLC]) were based on a GWAS conducted by the Transdisciplinary Research in Cancer of the Lung and the International Lung Cancer Consortium (TRICL-ILCCO) with 29,266 lung cancer cases and 56,450 controls of European descent. We employed the inverse-variance weighted (IVW) MR analysis followed by a series of sensitive analyses to evaluate the associations between genetically determined plasma HGF and the risk of lung cancer and its subtypes. The primary IVW analysis showed that genetically determined HGF was associated with an increased risk of total lung cancer (odds ratio: 1.11, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.05–1.17, P = 2.27E−04) and LUAD (odds ratio: 1.18, 95% CI: 1.09–1.27, P = 1.47E−05) but not with LUSC and SCLC, by the sensitivity analyses with different MR methods further confirming these findings. Additionally, mediated analysis demonstrated that EGF mediated the causal associations of HGF with lung cancer and LUAD, with mediating effects of 28.56% and 21.2% on them. Besides, reverse-MR studies further confirmed no reverse causality between lung cancer and plasma HGF. The intercept of MR-Egger regression showed no directional pleiotropy for all associations (P > .05). Upregulated genetically determined plasma HGF levels were associated with an increasing risk of lung cancer, especially for LUAD. Mediated regulation of EGF on these associations indicated a potential pathogenesis pathway in lung cancer, which provides important implications for the prevention and management of lung cancer.

Many global sustainable development challenges remain intractable due to the inadequacy of traditional approaches for dealing with complex, multi-dimensional, systemic problems from which the challenges arise, and the absence of effective innovation pathways between discovery and development practice. Faster paced innovation and systems change to overcome poor progress on the sustainable development goals (SDGs), particularly for the global South, where a lack of cost-effective and accessible solutions results in political paralysis. In this context, mission-based, transdisciplinary impact research approaches that fast-track methodological development of research and practice in sustainable development are highly promising for achieving systems change and evidence-informed solutions to global sustainability challenges. Here, based on learnings from a large-scale program applying such an approach and comparable global exemplars, we provide some essential "pillars" of support as foundational practical guidance for others to implement this enabling model for impact-oriented research while concurrently delivering real-world impact and legacy.

<span>Vocational skills are essential for underprivileged students, providing practical job training that enables self-sufficiency, breaks the cycle of poverty, and improves job opportunities. The study addresses a critical gap, focusing on teacher competency for underprivileged students in urban communities of Chiang Mai, ethnic minority or stateless individuals, facing complex barriers to accessing fundamental rights and services. The concept of novel transdisciplinary research, comprising 10 vocational experts, 10 academic professionals from Chiang Mai-based universities, 35 school leaders and educators, and 261 parents, selected via purposive sampling. Data were collected through focus group discussions, field observations, workshops, and structured questionnaires, and were analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation) and qualitative content analysis. Public participation was crucial in developing guidelines for enhancing teacher competencies. The resulting framework consists of three components: challenges encountered by teachers; teacher development curriculum covering content, developmental approaches, and collaborative development networks; and development outcomes, including eight fundamental and eight specific outputs, and outcomes for improved student quality of life, competencies, and vocational skills across defined aspects. These guidelines provide a novel framework (outputs and outcomes) that integrates socio-legal knowledge and vocational training to sustainably improve the educational experiences and quality of life of this specific target group.</span><br /><div id="highlighter--hover-tools" style="display: none;"> </div><div id="highlighter--hover-tools" style="display: none;"> </div><div id="highlighter--hover-tools" style="display: none;"> </div><div id="highlighter--hover-tools" style="display: none;"> </div><div id="highlighter--hover-tools" style="display: none;"> </div>

• Weighing up urban greening and densification in established neighbourhood is complex. • Urban land use and heat-based adaptation planning can be expedited with AI support. • AI-supported methods are best combined, to balance different urban planning goals. • Transdisciplinary methods can be used to test AI-supported methods for usability. Confronted with increasing urban heat stress risks, local governments need to reconcile expanding green infrastructure for urban cooling with urban densification goals. However, the impacts of incremental urban development in established neighborhoods on urban heat stress risks remain poorly understood. We demonstrate how decision support tools using Artificial Intelligence (AI) can assist complex urban land use and climate adaptation planning. Our findings are based on an inter- and transdisciplinary research project that developed and combined novel AI-supported simulation and prediction methods, namely 3D semantic models, AI-based outdoor thermal comfort models, and optimization and scenario-based AI models. Tool development was combined with transdisciplinary research to assess the real-world application potentials of AI-supported approaches in the City of Freiburg, Germany. The article demonstrates how AI-supported methods can aide and expedite urban land use and adaptation planning to support complex decision-making that needs to balance different strategic goals and interests.

Traditional modeling approaches for net-zero, sustainable development often prioritize technical and expert-driven inputs, producing outputs that overlook critical institutional and behavioral considerations. Although there has been growing interest in participatory approaches and transdisciplinary research in modeling, most processes currently stop at consultation, missing opportunities for deeper stakeholder integration. This paper introduces a structured framework for embedding inclusivity into participatory modeling for Integrated Assessment Models (IAMs). Drawing on a mixed-methods study, including a systematic literature review, an online stakeholder survey, and semi-structured interviews with modelers and members of a EU-funded project, we identify three interlinked pillars for an inclusive modeling environment: i) stakeholder representation, ii) engagement dynamics, and iii) collective decision-making. We argue that inclusive participatory modeling is not merely a procedural improvement but a strategic necessity for building models - and informing policies - that are credible, resilient, and socially relevant. • Current, technocratic modelling neglects social, institutional, and political dynamics. • Stakeholder engagement often stops at tokenistic consultation. • We present a framework for inclusive participatory modelling. • The framework ensures diverse representation, engagement dynamics, and collective decision-making. • Inclusive modeling strengthens the credibility, relevance and legitimacy of net-zero policy pathways.

Abstract This article tells the story of an ongoing career journey that would have been difficult to predict from the start. It was shaped by unexpected opportunities, the support of mentors and colleagues, and Canada’s cod collapse. It built on important early days of bioeconomic modeling, government science, and international development research, leading to the pivotal time of the 1990s cod collapse. The aftermath of the collapse solidified an understanding of the depth of knowledge and wisdom held by fishers and fishing communities. I saw that I should be working with fishers and communities, and gradually, I was shown how to do that. Through transdisciplinary research, I gained a passion for community-based conservation and fisher-led management and stewardship, as well as the role of Indigenous communities. At the same time, at a global scale, big-picture policy work with FAO looked at small-scale fisheries, climate, food security, ecosystem-based management, marine protected areas and other themes. There have been major excursions into ocean management and policy, and a pervasive thread, across multiple scales, of linking fisheries and sustainable use with biodiversity and conservation. Along the way, new methodological approaches developed, notably on fishery systems, human dimensions and community-based management. Above all, this article highlights the biggest contributors to this career: strong collaborations, partnerships and relationships.

Abstract Local to global scale projections of future coastal landscape change are essential to improve land and resource management decisions that aim to prepare for and reduce risk exposure to impending coastal hazards. However, the availability of actionable knowledge is often limited due to the complexity of drivers of change, their consequences, and uncertainties that span disciplines. Varying spatial and temporal scales of physical processes that occur on landscapes with differing levels of coastal development and modification complicate decision‐making. This paper reviews advances in observational approaches, modeling, and quantification of uncertainty to support the next generation of coastal change projections. We also highlight transdisciplinary opportunities for making this information more accessible and useful to support decision‐making in the coastal zone. This includes consideration of different levels of user engagement to address specific needs, as well as resources and mechanisms that can support knowledge transfer broadly. A central recommendation is the development of a coordinated framework to support research integration including three components: accounting for relevant drivers, processes, and feedbacks; working with users to identify their information needs; and generating meaningful projections and uncertainty. Actions that would support such frameworks include the evaluation of models through coordinated research approaches and multi‐model comparisons; ongoing investments in observations and data‐driven approaches necessary to understand this complex environment; expansion of modeling capabilities using novel techniques; prioritization of co‐development efforts between researchers and users; and continued training and support for transdisciplinary research.

Transdisciplinary design research can embed equity in and through its collaborative approaches by genuinely engaging communities and stakeholders in the context of Global North–Global South projects. However, such approaches can fail to address inequities prior to engagement, undermining oppressed groups’ agency and limiting researchers’ capacity for authentic transcultural collaboration, thereby risking tokenistic interventions. This research note contributes to debates on how equitable collaborations and mutual learning can be (co)designed to tackle the re-enactment of oppression in and through design research. The study draws on semi-structured interviews with 11 researchers experienced in transdisciplinary design research within Water, Sanitation and Hygiene (WASH) projects to identify challenges and best practices in transcultural collaborative processes, alongside a purposive literature review spanning decolonial design, cultural studies, critical pedagogy, social justice, and philosophy. Our findings outline a future agenda underpinned by a pluriversal ethics of engagement, which entails considerations for co-designing equitable engagement and mutual learning.

This perspective paper draws on insights from a 2024 symposium entitled ‘ Exploring methods for researching shifts in knowledge production for agroecology transition ’. The symposium critically examined emerging conceptual and methodological challenges arising from combining agroecology with living labs and research infrastructures as key instruments promoted within EU policy to strengthen Agricultural Knowledge and Innovation Systems (AKIS). Through presentations, group discussions, and iterative reflections, we identified four key tensions: structural constraints limiting farmers’ agency within living lab approaches, the problematic nature of AKIS as supposedly neutral frameworks, the oversimplification of transition frameworks as linear rather than overlapping categories, and risks of definitional dilution or cooptation. We then demonstrate that these tensions are not unique to agroecology, bridging the concepts and methods within agroecology research with those used in other fields of sustainable food system transition research, such as transdisciplinary research and sustainable transitions. This conceptual mapping of shared tensions reveals opportunities for mutual learning. Bridging these fields would help create clarity at the conceptual and methodological levels, ultimately strengthening the theoretical foundations and enabling more nuanced approaches to food system transition research.

ABSTRACT Purpose In transdisciplinary research (TDR) for agri-food innovation, collaboration with societal actors often centres around dialogical activities. We propose Cross-Activity-System Engagement (CASE) to enhance TDR practice, because it is important to co-create and apply experimental knowledge in the process of producing actionable knowledge. Objectives were to: (i) reflect on activities, methods and tools to operationalise CASE; and (ii) analyse how CASE facilitates transformative and expansive learning. Methods Using activity and learning theories, we developed a conceptual framework for CASE. We constructed analytical categories and conducted a qualitative reflective post hoc analysis of CASE in three TDR projects in Kenya and Argentina. Findings In the dialogue stage, CASE comprised activities that made use of artefacts to enhance practical on-site learning through knowledge integration. CASE, during the experimentation and application stages, expanded activities for experimentation, peer-to-peer learning and pilot-testing of innovations. Practical implications CASE enhances transformative and expansive learning. Participants identify and resolve contradictions and gain new insights into tensions, weaknesses or missing elements within their systems. By using activities, methods or tools from other activity systems innovation capacity is enhanced. Theoretical implications Expansive and transformative learning theories support the design and practice of TDR, as learning through CASE directly informs actions and thereby helps close the knowledge-action gap. Originality/Value CASE is a new conceptual and methodological attempt to cross boundaries for enhanced learning and innovation in development-oriented research and advisory practice. Findings directly inform TDR design and practice. The discussion addresses potential values of CASE for agricultural advisory services.

Achieving both scientific and societal relevance in inter- and transdisciplinary research presents significant challenges. Drawing on three empirical examples, this paper demonstrates how emerging tensions can be transformed into productive potentials that stimulate reflection, foster integration, and drive innovation—highlighting the strategies and conditions necessary for successfully harnessing these potentials.In response to contemporary societal challenges, universities and funders increasingly call upon researchers to generate both scientifically and societally relevant knowledge by conducting inter- and transdisciplinary (ITD) research. While the ambition to bridge scientific and societal relevance can produce tensions during the research process, we argue that such tensions should not be viewed merely as barriers. Drawing on empirical insights from three recent ITD research initiatives in Switzerland, we demonstrate how tensions embody potentials and can serve as productive catalysts for reflection, integration, and innovation. Rather than striving to eliminate tensions, our analysis highlights strategies and conditions that enable research teams to harness them constructively. We conclude that a multi-level approach and concerted efforts by various actors are needed to create the conditions which enable the generation of both societally and scientifically relevant knowledge in ITD initiatives.

The development of new carbon (CO2) capture materials has emerged as a top-priority transdisciplinary research field. Ideally, CO2 is not only captured and stored (CCS), but also transformed into more valuable organic compounds, because CO2 itself is a cheap, abundant, non-flammable gas and thus an attractive C1 building block. However, activation of this thermodynamically rather stable molecule requires high activation energies. To overcome this energy barrier, activation of the CO double bond is routinely achieved by exploiting a synergetic metal-ligand cooperativity. The most promising candidates from academia or industry revolve around amino-functionalized materials or components featuring metal-nitrogen bonds. Given their natural abundance, low prices and nontoxicity, environmentally friendly materials should ultimately involve light metals. Recently, we found that the cerium pyrazolate [Ce+IV(pzMe2)4]2 is able to insert CO2 exhaustively and reversibly. In general, such nitrogen-rich azolato ligands comprising pyrazolato, triazolato and tetrazolato derivatives exhibit five-membered aromatic ring systems with nucleophilic nitrogen coordination sites. Azolato ligands adopt a wide variety of coordination modes and especially light metal pyrazolates are a well-established class of compounds. Aiming at higher CO2 uptake capacities, the conceptual approach, developed for the heavy metal cerium, has been consequently adapted to the light metals magnesium, aluminium, scandium and titanium. This review gives an overview of light metal pyrazolates and their CO2 insertion behaviour as well as their catalytic activity in the cycloaddition reaction of CO2 and epoxides to cyclic carbonates. In addition, consideration is given to immobilized variants as well as exemplary complexes and metal-organic framework materials derived from nitrogen-richer azoles/azolates.

Abstract Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC) is advancing toward a Circular Economy (CE), supported by expanding policy initiatives and a growing body of academic research. Over the past decade, CE academic studies in the region have examined developments at multiple sectors, scales and circular strategies, thus, contributing to CE research in the region. Yet, it remains uncertain whether academic research addresses the critical questions most relevant for non-academic stakeholders—including policymakers, practitioners, and businesses—to support the CE transition in LAC. To assess this alignment, we compared 51 priority questions identified by 19 CE experts in LAC countries with the research objectives of 335 scientific publications on CE in the region. The analysis reveals the extent to which stakeholder priorities are reflected in academic literature and highlights persistent gaps where further research is needed. Our findings stress the importance of fostering more collaborative, transdisciplinary, and stakeholder-oriented research to accelerate a just and effective CE transition in LAC.

Stakeholder is a contested term that has spawned a multitude of ad hoc definitions. The ambiguity of these definitions has oftentimes impeded transdisciplinary research in environmental governance and conservation science because it hampers effective communication and operationalization of the stakeholder concept. We devised a project-configurable definition of stakeholder that integrates 2 stakeholder typologies: the holder types of Schmitter (e.g., knowledge, right, space, and interest holders) and the salience model (power, legitimacy, urgency, and proximity) of Mitchell etal. From a conceptual perspective, we synthesized role-based and salience-based views of stakeholder to the following definition: a stakeholder is someone who takes on one or several different roles relating to an issue for whom that issue has a certain baseline level of priority. Building on this definition, we produced a 6-step conceptual stakeholder identification workflow. The workflow combines expert discussion, structured stakeholder scoring, and iterative validation to narrow an initial actor universe to a transparent and defensible stakeholder set. We applied the method to a hypothetical peatland rewetting project in Central Europe to showcase how network boundaries and salience thresholds can be refined in order to move from an initially large set of actors to a documented and manageable set of stakeholders. Our definition of stakeholder and the identification workflow aim to offer scientists, managers, and policy makers a transparent tool for selecting, ranking, and justifying the actors who most urgently need to be at the table.

Participatory and transdisciplinary approaches in health research continue to face challenges such as disciplinary silos, power asymmetries, and a lack of accessible formats that enable meaningful dialogue among researchers, practitioners, and individuals with lived experience. This study examines the Gallery Walk as a participatory method in health research, using a workshop on diversity and social position in dementia care to reflect on its potential, limitations, and suitability. Twenty participants — researchers, practitioners, individuals living with dementia, and family caregivers — took part in a Gallery Walk across four themed stations. Contributions were documented on flipcharts to support iterative and cumulative discussion, followed by a plenary synthesis. The Gallery Walk facilitated exchange among heterogeneous groups, supported iterative knowledge building, and generated practice-oriented recommendations. Implementation challenges included the need for careful preparation, skilled facilitation, and adequate resources for documentation and analysis. The use of the Gallery Walk Walk in this workshop demonstrates its significant potential as a participatory and interdisciplinary method in health research. By rotating through thematic stations, engaging with visual content, and iteratively addressing key questions, participants were able to incorporate diverse disciplinary and experiential perspectives. This approach fostered the development of practical recommendations and ensured the meaningful involvement of individuals with dementia and their families. The findings highlight that the Gallery Walk's accessibility and focus on visual elements promote discussion, encourage continuous reflection, and increase transparency by visibly tracking contributions. The Gallery Walk represents a promising and adaptable format for participatory, transdisciplinary health research when supported by intentional design, inclusive facilitation, and rigorous reporting. People with dementia, their families, and health professionals all offer invaluable insights into improving care. However, it can be challenging for these groups to collaborate on equal terms in research. This study explored a creative workshop approach known as the “Gallery Walk”. In this method, participants move around different stations in a room, where ideas and questions are displayed for discussion and written contributions. In our workshop, twenty people—including researchers, practitioners, individuals living with dementia, and family caregivers—exchanged about diversity and social position in dementia care. The Gallery Walk made it easier for everyone to share experiences, learn from each other, and develop practical ideas together. However, some challenges were noted, such as the need for thorough preparation, experienced facilitators, and sufficient time to properly document and analyse the discussions. Overall, the Gallery Walk proved to be a helpful and flexible way to involve people meaningfully in health research, especially when it is thoughtfully planned and led with inclusivity, respect, and clear communication.

ABSTRACT Addressing global water crises demands effective communication across diverse audiences, especially in initiatives such as the scientific decade HELPING by the International Association of Hydrological Sciences (IAHS). This study synthesizes insights from the hydrological community, gathered through interviews, workshops and a digital survey. We identify key challenges and best practices across three inter-related domains of communication: science–society interactions, policy–science interfaces and transdisciplinary research communication. Effective science–society interaction depends on community trust-building, transparent communication of uncertainty and inclusive engagement strategies. Strong policy–science interfaces benefit from bridging institutions and dedicated knowledge brokers. Transdisciplinary work improves when disciplinary siloing is reduced through common language and co-production. We summarize our findings in the FUSS framework, which promotes messages that are few, unambiguous, short and well-structured. We argue that advancing hydrological science in the face of water crises requires moving beyond one-way communication towards more dialogic, inclusive and context-sensitive approaches.

Transdisciplinary (TD) research is increasingly recognized as essential for addressing complex challenges in healthcare and research. Similarly, in recent decades, patient participation in health research has grown, and patients’ experiential knowledge helps shed light on their perspectives and preferences. In the context of cancer, challenges they face extend beyond pathology and treatment to encompass physical, psychological, social, and spiritual needs. We set out to take the very first step in our TD exploration together with patients as co-researchers in the Belgian TD project, “Symphony of Us” (aimed at better understanding and implementing the concept of “Patient Value” in oncology research). In this perspective paper, we reflect on building the team of co-researchers (academic scientists and patient-researchers), with a focus on the onboarding of the patient-researchers. We share our experience of the two key onboarding moments – a dedicated workshop and training – and outline the most important lessons learned and the challenges faced during this process, with emphasis on the gaps and research needs for research teams, funders, and universities. TD research offers new perspectives by combining expert and experiential knowledge, which requires specific modes of organization. Co-research can present many challenges and require a constant questioning of one’s practices and personal posture. There are practical, ethical, and emotional issues involved in patient participation. It is therefore necessary to build a solid, committed, and mutually trusting team by promoting a reflexive capacity that enables adjustment of the scientific approach and project design. We believe our trajectory could inspire and help other transdisciplinary teams aiming to collaborate with patients in meaningful ways, as well as universities and funders who wish to support similar collaborations.

Climate change events are increasingly impacting the groundwater-based private wells upon which many agri-food systems rely. Consequently, enhancing groundwater extension efforts have never been more important because conventional approaches have had limited success. This highlights the need for new approaches to better engage with an increasingly diverse rural community. Transdisciplinary community-based research (TCBR) is an innovative approach for engaging and collaborating with community-based organization (CBO) representatives. TCBR shows promise for promoting engaged collaboration with CBOs to co-develop knowledge The purpose of this research is to use a TCBR to co-develop solutions with CBOs that help private wells owners better protect their water supplies in Ontario, Canada. Objectives include: 1) To update groundwater extension materials, and translate them into multiple languages for online sharing in collaboration with The Groundwater Project; 2) To evaluate TCBR as an approach to enhance sharing technical innovation with a diverse rural community. To execute the TCBR approach, the research was co-designed with CBOs. Qualitative research methods used include focus group discussion (in-person and virtual), a hybrid workshop, and semi-structured interviews. Preliminary findings include insights from research contributors concerning the process and timing of TCBR, multi-modal delivery of KTT, the importance of leveraging existing and new CBO partnerships, and tying evaluation to engagement metrics. CBO representatives have also identified gaps and barriers, and preliminary recommendations for researchers, government, and future KTT research. Theoretically, a TCBR approach shows promise for engaging with CBO representatives to better understand community needs. Practically, involving CBO representatives will help increase the accessibility and inclusivity of KTT resources for diverse rural communities.