New understanding on the combined treatment of lactobacillus and carnosine for protecting dexamethasone-induced cardiac and skeletal muscle injury.

The prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer is associated with nutrition. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of thoracic status on the prognosis of elderly patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) following radiotherapy. A retrospective analysis was performed of 123 elderly patients who underwent radiotherapy for ESCC and were admitted to The Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical University (Xuzhou, China) between October 2018 and October 2021. General clinical data and hematological data of the patients were collected before radiotherapy, with CT delineation of the 10-segment thoracic skeletal muscle volume by radiotherapy. The 10th thoracic vertebra level skeletal muscle volume index (T10 SMVI)=T10 skeletal muscle volume (cm3)/height2 (m2). By dividing the patients according to the optimal cutoff value (using X-tile 3.6.1) into the T10 sarcopenia group and the T10 non-reduced skeletal muscle group (T10 non-sarcopenia group), intergroup comparisons were performed. The area under the curve was calculated from the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) to assess the prediction ability of T10 SMVI, the prognosis nutrition index (PNI) and the geriatric nutrition risk index (GNRI) for survival outcomes. Survival curves were drawn using the Kaplan-Meier method, and risk factors affecting progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were analyzed by a Cox proportional hazards model. The results of the comparisons between the groups showed significant differences between the two groups in terms of age, body mass index, tumor site, Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage, initial treatment, hemoglobin level, GNRI and albumin level. The T10 sarcopenia group exhibited significantly lower PFS and OS rates compared with the T10 non-sarcopenia group at all time points. The 1- and 3-year PFS rates of the T10 sarcopenia group compared with those of the T10 non-sarcopenia group were 50.8 and 73.4%, and 15.3 and 37.5%, respectively. The median PFS times for the two groups were 12.0 and 24.7 months, respectively. The 1- and 3-year OS rates were 81.4 and 95.3%, and 25.4 and 64.1%, respectively. The median OS time was 22.1 months in the T10 sarcopenia groups and not reached in the T10 non-sarcopenia group. ROC curve analysis showed that T10 SMVI, PNI and GNRI all predicted the long-term survival of elderly patients with ESCC following radiotherapy, and that the predictive efficacy of T10 SMVI was higher than that of the hematological nutritional indicators PNI and GNRI, and was an independent influencing factor of OS. In conclusion, T10 SMVI can quantify the nutritional status of thoracic skeletal muscle and is more efficient than PNI and GNRI for predicting the prognosis of elderly patients with ESCC, providing a reference for clinical evaluation of skeletal muscle dystrophy. The present study pioneers the application of T10 SMVI derived from radiotherapy planning CT, offering a cost-effective, standardized method to assess skeletal muscle nutrition in elderly patients with ESCC.

Intrinsic factors influencing the post-mortem mechanical excitability of human skeletal muscle.

Sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate exerts several pharmacological effects; however, its mechanism in skeletal muscle injuries remains unknown. We explored the biological function of sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate in skeletal muscle injury and elucidated its underlying mechanisms. We established a skeletal muscle injury model following blunt trauma and transforming growth factor-β1-induced NIH/3T3 cell models. Morphological changes, collagen deposition, and fibrosis in the muscle tissues were evaluated, and cell proliferation was determined. The expression of myogenic differentiation markers in C2C12 cells, including myogenic differentiation 1 and myosin heavy chain, and the activity of the transforming growth factor-β1/Smad3 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/cyclooxygenase-2 signaling pathway were measured. Compared to the model group, the sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate-treated group showed reduced inflammatory cell infiltration, collagen deposition, and fibrosis. Transforming growth factor-β1 and cyclooxygenase-2 expression and Smad3 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B pathway activation were inhibited by sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate. In vitro, sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate treatment significantly reduced NIH/3T3 cell proliferation and downregulated p-Smad3, transforming growth factor-β1, and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in a dose-dependent manner. Moreover, sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate enhanced myogenic differentiation 1 and myosin heavy chain expression in C2C12 cells. Furthermore, sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate inhibited the activation of transforming growth factor-β1/Smad3 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/cyclooxygenase-2 signaling pathway in skeletal muscle fibrosis. Thus, sodium tanshinone IIA sulfonate exerted a suppressive effect on skeletal muscle fibrosis via the transforming growth factor-β1/Smad3 and phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase B/cyclooxygenase-2 signaling pathways, providing a new therapeutic approach for skeletal muscle fibrosis.

Amelioration of diabetic myopathy by APMCG-1: A mountain-cultivated ginseng-derived glycopeptide evaluated in zebrafish and mouse models.

Along- and cross-muscle fiber shear moduli in skeletal muscle.

A new strategy for skeletal muscle wound age estimation using machine learning and ATR-FTIR spectroscopy: Eliminating early postmortem interference.

Loss of dystrophin alters the biomechanical properties of skeletal muscle, including stiffness. Stiffness is typically assessed passively in excised muscle, but here we present the development of an in vivo rheological method to assess the mechanical properties of the tibialis anterior muscle in anaesthetized wild-type (WT; dystrophin-positive) and mdx (dystrophin-deficient) mice using a custom-designed apparatus compatible with an MCR 702 rheometer. To characterize stiffness, compressibility, and elasticity, rheological testing included compressive and shear strain protocols, along with recovery and assessments following contraction-induced strength loss. Relative to WT mice, the tibialis anterior of mdx mice was thicker, stiffer, and less compressible. These genotype differences aligned with hydroxyproline content, a marker of fibrosis. Postdeformation recovery was impaired in mdx mice under shear strain, and eccentric contraction-induced injury further increased stiffness and energy dissipation in the tibialis anterior of mdx mice. This rheological platform maintained the in vivo integrity of the tibialis anterior muscle of mice and consistently showed that storage and loss moduli can sensitively detect the detrimental impact of dystrophin deficiency on the in vivo viscoelastic properties of skeletal muscle. This rheological platform, termed myomechanical profiling, could be a viable and sensitive tool for assessing muscle quality and mechanical behavior of skeletal muscle, where viscoelastic properties are affected by disease.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Myomechanical profiling was developed using cyclic rheometry to assess the in vivo viscoelastic properties of mouse skeletal muscle-the in vivo environment is maintained alongside high measurement sensitivity and spatial resolution, and the ability to apply deformation transverse to fiber orientation. Myomechanical profiling was trialed in dystrophin-positive and dystrophin-negative (model of Duchenne muscular dystrophy) skeletal muscle, and showed that the loss of the biomechanical protein dystrophin increased stiffness and impaired elasticity after compressive and rotational shear deformation.

Transgenic overexpression of miR-486 and sAnk1.5 does not alter glucose handling in mice.

Gain of visceral adipose tissue rather than low skeletal muscle mass is associated with overall survival in patients with colorectal liver metastases; results from the NewEPOC study.

Muscle sparing through differential nutritional control of three muscle growth mechanisms: how zebrafish larvae deal with starvation.

Effect of adipose and muscle tissue thickness on skeletal muscle echo intensity and passive shear modulus: An ultrasound elastography approach.

A melanocortin 4- and glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor multiple agonist for the treatment of diabetes and obesity.

Identification and evolution analysis of the fos gene family: highlighting the role of fosab in muscle growth of mandarin fish Siniperca chuatsi.

Hepatic cyp24a1 serves as a biomarker for diagnosing polystyrene microplastic exposure in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus).

Skeletal muscles in vertebrates are highly specialised tissues. Their development involves cell cycle withdrawal, cellular fusion, and differentiation into multinucleated muscle fibres. Most insights into trunk muscle development have been derived from studies on both anamniotic and amniotic model species, revealing numerous similarities across species. However, valuable perspectives on the evolutionary aspects of myogenesis have been obtained from research on non-model vertebrates. Despite variations in spatiotemporal gene expression and morphology, the goal is to develop multinucleated, fully functional trunk muscles.

Aerobic exercise attenuates intramyocellular lipid accumulation by upregulating vitamin D receptor.

Intracellular and extracellular redox signals during exercise and aging.

Utilizing accelerated and delayed murine models of aging to address the "healthspan issue" - A review of skeletal muscle health.

Melatonin administration protects the right ventricle from adrenergic stress via anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic mechanisms.