Evidence-based research (EBR) has become a cornerstone in the scientific, medical, and social sciences disciplines, informing decision-making processes and advancing knowledge across various fields. Evidence-based practice emphasizes integration of EBR, clinical expertise, and patient preferences to guide clinical practice. However, the mere existence of research evidence is not enough; it is essential to critically appraise the evidence to ensure its reliability, validity, and relevance to the context in which it is applied. Critical appraisal involves systematically evaluating the design, methodology, results, and conclusions of a research study to assess its quality and applicability. This article will provide an in-depth insight about reporting and critical appraisal of EBR, examining the principles of critical appraisal, available tools for reporting and appraising a research paper, challenges faced in critical appraisal, and how to make the most of the journal club.

In this research introduced a new framework to solve the fractional differential equations(FDEs) by using the Variation Iteration Method (HVIM) and Yasser Jassim Transform. Moreover the results obtained using this proposed method is very similar to that obtained using other strategies. .This methodology is employed to derive approximate analytical for solving Caputo fractional derivative. To establish the validity and efficacy of the current strategy, the solutions to three selected illustrative examples are presented and thoroughly analyzed. The findings obtained through the proposed method are comprehensively reviewed. The results consistently demonstrate that the (FHVIM) exhibits high efficiency, robust reliability, and ease of implementation, making it a promising and suitable tool for application across a wide spectrum of related problems in science and engineering disciplines.

High-speed imaging, which captures the fleeting dynamics of moving objects at extreme frame rates, has become an indispensable tool across a wide range of scientific disciplines. Yet, the pursuit of high temporal resolution often comes at the cost of significant image degradation, due to the inherent limitations of imaging sensors and the extreme conditions of ultra-short exposure and massive data throughput. As a result, high-speed cameras often produce images marred by strong noise and severe color distortions. In this work, we propose a deep image signal processing (ISP) paradigm that enables high-speed cameras to maintain extremely high frame rates while achieving image quality comparable to that of digital single-lens reflex (DSLR) cameras. To this end, we make two key contributions: 1) constructing RHID, the first large-scale real-world high-speed imaging ISP dataset, comprising 282,912 RAW images captured by high-speed cameras and corresponding sRGB images captured by DSLRs, featuring complex degradations intrinsic to high-speed acquisition; and 2) proposing a misalignment-robust ISP learning framework (MisISP), equipped with a prior mapper-guided image alignment module (PMIA) and a spectrum-guided weakly-aligned image supervisory loss, which effectively addresses inherent pixel misalignments caused by heterogeneous sensor characteristics. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our paradigm substantially advances the performance of existing deep ISP models for high-speed imaging, achieving remarkable improvements in noise suppression, brightness enhancement, and color preservation.

Towards a future-proof integrated food consumer science discipline

The aim of this article is to examine how aesthetic sustainability, as a theoretical concept and analytical framework, can elucidate and expand the science-technology-engineering-arts-mathematics (STEAM) approach to learning at museums, advancing it conceptually and practically. STEAM denotes an inter-disciplinary educational approach in which traditional boundaries between scientific and humanistic disciplines are deliberately blurred, allowing knowledge from each to intersect with and inform the other. The approach seeks to strengthen learners’ capacity for critical thinking, creativity and problem-solving, while fostering awareness of the environmental, social and cultural implications of human action. It highlights how interdisciplinary and sensuous engagement with heritage materials may lead to transformative learning outcomes that connect scientific reasoning with aesthetic reflection. The article’s overall argument is developed through analysis of four cases from the STEAM at Museums development project in Central Denmark Region (2023–25).

Abstract. Fission track thermochronology is based on the visual analysis of optical images. This visual process is prone to observer bias. Fission track datasets are currently reported as numerical summary tables. The interpretation of these tables requires a high degree of trust between the fission track analyst and the user of the data. geochron@home is software that removes this requirement of trust. It combines a browser-based “virtual microscope” with an online database to provide FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable and Reproducible) access to fission track data. geochron@home serves four different purposes. It can be used (1) to count fission tracks in “private mode”, i.e. hidden from other users on the internet; (2) to archive fission track images and counts for inspection by other users; (3) to create tutorials for new students of the fission track method; and (4) to serve randomly selected selections of images to citizen scientists. We illustrate these four applications with examples that demonstrate (1) geochron@home's ability to compare and combine fission track counts for multiple users within a lab group; (2) the value of the geochron@home archive in the peer review system; (3) the use of simple tutorials in teaching novice users how to count fission tracks; and (4) the opportunities and challenges of crowd-sourced fission track analysis. geochron@home was written in Python and Javascript. Its code is freely available for inspection and modification, allowing users to set up their own geochron@home server. Alternatively, users who would like to upload data to the archive, but do not have the facilities to set up their own server, may use the server at University College London free of charge. The archive accepts image stacks acquired on any type of digital microscope, and accommodates fission track data (counts and length measurements) from external fission track analysis suites such as Fission Track Studio and TrackFlow. We anticipate that the introduction of FAIR workflows will make fission track data more accurate and more future proof. Storing fission track data online will benefit future developments in fission track thermochronology. For example, archival datasets of peer reviewed fission track counts can be used to train and improve machine learning algorithms for automated fission track analysis. We invite other geochronological methods to follow the fission track community's lead in FAIR data processing. This would benefit all the Earth Science disciplines that depend on geochronological data.

This study examined the effects of inquiry-based learning (IBL) methods on the development of students’ science process skills (SPS) across multiple scientific disciplines and educational settings. Using a systematic literature review guided by the PRISMA framework, eleven quasi-experimental studies published between 2020 and 2025 were analyzed. These studies, conducted in Indonesia, the Philippines, Turkey, Ethiopia, and Pakistan, explored different forms of IBL, including project-based inquiry, ethnoscience-based inquiry, flipped classroom integration, argument-driven inquiry, process-oriented guided inquiry learning, and inquiry-based laboratory approaches. Findings revealed a consistent positive effect of IBL on both basic and integrated SPS. Students exposed to inquiry-driven instruction demonstrated significant gains in their SPS compared to those in traditional learning environments. The results further indicated that the success of IBL lies in its active, student-centered nature that promotes exploration, evidence-based reasoning, and reflective learning. Variations in IBL models proved equally effective when they encouraged collaboration, questioning, and independent investigation.

This study introduces the Novel Alpha Power Gumbel-X (NAPG-X) family of distributions, developed through the T-X transformation with a logarithmic generalizer. The NAPG-Exponential (NAPGEX) distribution is studied as a sub-model, with key mathematical properties derived, including the probability density function, cumulative distribution function, moments, moment generating function, Rényi entropy, and order statistics. The hazard rate function exhibits versatile shapes including increasing-decreasing, reversed-J, and L-shaped, making it suitable for diverse reliability applications. Ten classical estimation methods are evaluated through extensive Monte Carlo simulations across varying sample sizes and three parameter combinations. Results demonstrate that maximum likelihood and Anderson-Darling consistently provide superior performance with minimal bias, mean relative errors and root mean square errors. Furthermore, the practical applicability of the NAPGEX distribution is validated using three real-life datasets. Comprehensive comparisons using various performance measures reveal that the NAPGEX significantly outperforms competing models. These findings establish the NAPG-X family as a flexible and powerful tool for modeling asymmetric, positively skewed lifetime datasets across several scientific disciplines.

The historical evolution of the natural sciences, from natural history to specialized scientific disciplines, has fundamentally altered how we study the natural world. While scientific specialization has undoubtedly brought both depth and rigor to specific scientific fields, including primatology, it has also created methodological limitations that fragment our understanding of complex primate ecosystems. This paper outlines four core principles, once central to natural history research, that are less commonly applied in contemporary primatology. These principles include: multidisciplinarity, democratized participation, integration of subjective interpretation, and creative communication. I argue for the strategic integration and/or reintegration of these principles within primatology and provide concrete recommendations for institutional enactment. However, while the incorporation of these selected principles may make the field more inclusive, ethical, and diverse, it is critical to also acknowledge that many other aspects of natural history have been historically rooted in a colonialism, racism, and exploitation. This paper, therefore, does not call for a blind return to natural history approaches as they were once practiced, but rather for the development of a new, holistic, next-generation primatology. Rather than abandoning scientific rigor, this synthesis approach would expand primatology's methodological toolkit to better reflect the interconnected nature of primate worlds while bridging the gap between academic and local knowledge systems. Such integration offers pathways toward more inclusive, comprehensive, and ultimately more effective primate research and conservation.

ABSTRACT Practice research is a meeting point between practice and research involving collaborations and negotiations to ensure findings from research are usable to improve services and living conditions. It is still embryonic and can be challenging for novice researchers or experienced researchers without adequate understanding. For social science researchers and practitioners who are interested in improving service delivery and shaping positive outcomes, practice research methodology is a go-to approach. However, there is inadequate clarity about how core theoretical foundations of practice research are represented in the methodology. In this article, we demonstrate the application of a practice research methodology in the co-production of an assessment tool for social workers in Ghana. While our case study focused on the production of knowledge within social work practice, the principles and theories of practice research are applicable to other cognate social sciences disciplines where an aim is to produce knowledge usable in practice.

Neutron reflectometry (NR) at the ISIS Neutron and Muon Source has evolved into a mature, versatile technique for investigating the structure and dynamics of interfaces across a wide range of scientific disciplines, including soft matter, magnetism, quantum materials and environmental systems. This article provides a comprehensive overview of the current instrumentation available at ISIS, detailing the capabilities of the four operational reflectometers – OFFSPEC, INTER, POLREF and SURF – including their time-of-flight configurations, scattering geometries, polarization options and range of accessible sample environments. Special emphasis is placed on the integration of advanced sample environments, automated control software and data analysis tools, including IBEX , MANTID and the ISIS Data Analysis as a Service ( IDAaaS ) platform, which collectively facilitate efficient, reproducible and high-quality NR measurements. Representative scientific highlights demonstrate the unique potential of NR to resolve sub-nanometre structural and kinetic information in biological membranes, thin functional films, quantum fluids and environmental interfaces. By consolidating detailed technical information, operational characteristics and examples of cutting-edge research, this article serves as a practical guide for new and experienced users, helping them design experiments, select suitable instruments and sample environments, and fully exploit the capabilities of ISIS neutron reflectometers.

This article proposes a cognitive structural account of the emergence of social worlds that organize the expectations of producers and audiences. The proposed model considers the emergence process in three stages: (1) the arrival of distinctive clusters of objects and their producer, (2) conceptualization of the labeled clusters in high-energy social structures that we call a “scene,” and (3) whether a scene’s coordinating concept becomes generally taken for granted. We first develop an ontology for analyzing these processes. We then analyze the role of social structure in these stages and define the emergence process in terms of hazards, that is, the event rates of each stage. The proposed account can explain the emergence of worlds in a variety of social contexts, including organizational forms in markets, genres in creative industries, disciplines in science, and forms of social protest.

This paper includes an extensive research into the analytical and numerical solutions for the beta space–time fractional longitudinal wave equation (LWE) describing a magneto-electro-elastic (MEE) circular rod. The above equation governs a number of different phenomena related to scientific disciplines and technological sectors, ranging from plasma physics, magnetohydrodynamics, and aerodynamics to a generalized study on the MEE materials. Those materials play the central role in the future of energy conversion units, actuators of precision engineering, and exquisitely sensitive sensors. In order to investigate the analytical solutions of the beta space–time fractional LWE, we use two efficient methods: the Generalized Riccati Equation Mapping Method and the Modified Extended Tanh Method. Meanwhile, we also use the Differential Transform Method as a useful numerical method to obtain approximate solutions when exact forms are difficult or inconvenient to obtain. These integrated approaches allow us to build a range of new soliton solutions, such as dark solitons, bright solitons, periodic waveforms, and singular solitons. All these types of solutions are significant in explaining the dynamics of energy and information transmission in MEE circular rods. Furthermore, a detailed parametric analysis is carried out to explore how various physical parameters affect the behavior of the solutions in question. To facilitate visualization and understanding of the findings, we produce three-dimensional plots, two-dimensional projections, and density distributions for a representative set of parameters. The principal goal of this study is to determine exact and approximate soliton solutions for the fractional wave model. The new dark, bright, periodic, and singular solitons with thorough parametric effects are the main results. These results enhance the knowledge of wave dynamics in MEE rods for future smart material applications.

ABSTRACT This article looks at the ways in which different forms of knowledge are constructed, which shed light on and give meaning to PSA (Physical and Sports Activities) developed in Western societies marked by the predominance of the competitive model of modern sport. By studying the academic space of training and research in PSA in France, the text analyzes the interrelation of social and epistemic processes, and more specifically, the interdependence between organizational, axiological, and epistemic dimensions that impact the visions of PSA and the construction of knowledge about PSA. The research is based on various surveys (ethnographic observations and interviews) conducted individually or collectively over more than twenty-five years. The work argues that the challenge of developing holistic approaches to PSA involves and is driven by a new relationship between academic expertise (different scientific disciplines) and extra-academic expertise (decision-makers, practitioners, beneficiaries). While relations of power and domination have marked the history of relations between these knowledges-powers, they are now more likely to collaborate. The paper recounts this process, considering four major historical sequences that successively highlight: the historical dominance of the academic biological expertise of university doctors in the first half of the 20th century; multi-inter-transdisciplinarity as a process of pluralization of scientific expertise in the 1960s and 1970s; and, finally, the end of the 20th century and the first quarter of the 21st century, marked by tensions but also by the challenge of coordinating multiple forms of expertise, whether scientific or non-scientific (extra-academic expertise).

Background/Objectives: University faculty in health sciences are an underexplored population despite facing significant emotional, occupational, and organizational demands due to their dual role as educators and health professionals. These demands may increase vulnerability to perceived stress, burnout, and reduced professional quality of life. Although previous research has primarily focused on stress and burnout, evidence integrating occupational balance and personal resources, such as sense of coherence, from an occupational health perspective remains limited. This study aimed to examine perceived stress, professional quality of life, occupational balance, and satisfaction with meaningful occupations among health sciences faculty in Spain, and to analyze their associations with individual, occupational, and organizational factors within an occupation-centered and salutogenic framework. Methods: A cross-sectional observational study following STROBE guidelines was conducted with 253 health sciences faculty members from Spanish universities. Data were collected through an anonymous online questionnaire including validated instruments (PSS-10, OBQ-E, ProQoL, SOC-13) and items on occupational satisfaction and perceived institutional support. Descriptive statistics, t tests, one-way ANOVA, and Pearson correlation analyses were performed. Results: Participants reported moderate levels of perceived stress and occupational balance, high overall professional quality of life satisfaction, and moderate levels of compassion fatigue. Higher perceived stress scores were observed among women and younger faculty members. Occupational balance, burnout, and satisfaction measures showed significant differences according to age and years of teaching experience. Perceived institutional support differed across organizational domains, academic positions, and types of institution. Conclusions: Health sciences faculty in Spain experience notable psychosocial demands affecting stress, occupational balance, and professional quality of life. Occupational balance and sense of coherence emerged as relevant constructs associated with lower perceived stress and burnout and higher professional satisfaction. By integrating these occupation-centered and salutogenic resources, the study extends existing research beyond traditional stress-burnout models and contributes to a more comprehensive understanding of professional well-being among health sciences faculty.

ABSTRACT Selectively deuterated compounds represent high value synthetic targets with applications across many scientific disciplines. Despite their importance, reactions that enable access to products precisely deuterated at an allylic position with complete control over the degree of deuteration are extremely rare. In fact, the high enantiopurity synthesis of enantioisotopomers owing their chirality solely to hydrogen isotopes at an allylic position has remained elusive to date. Herein, we report a modular Cu‐catalyzed semi‐reductive deuteration of allenes to access a broad scope of small molecules, drug analogs, and natural product analogs precisely deuterated at allylic positions. The semi‐reduction strategy has been applied to access a range of precisely labeled d1 ‐, d2 ‐, d3 ‐, d5 ‐, and d7 ‐isotopologs. In this work, we disclose the first high enantiopurity synthesis of allylic‐ d1 enantioisotopomers, along with a highly accurate and precise analysis for enantiomeric excess (EE) determination and assignment of absolute configuration (AC) using molecular rotational resonance (MRR) spectroscopy.

Selectively deuterated compounds represent high value synthetic targets with applications across many scientific disciplines. Despite their importance, reactions that enable access to products precisely deuterated at an allylic position with complete control over the degree of deuteration are extremely rare. In fact, the high enantiopurity synthesis of enantioisotopomers owing their chirality solely to hydrogen isotopes at an allylic position has remained elusive to date. Herein, we report a modular Cu-catalyzed semi-reductive deuteration of allenes to access a broad scope of small molecules, drug analogs, and natural product analogs precisely deuterated at allylic positions. The semi-reduction strategy has been applied to access a range of precisely labeled d1-, d2-, d3-, d5-, and d7-isotopologs. In this work, we disclose the first high enantiopurity synthesis of allylic-d1 enantioisotopomers, along with a highly accurate and precise analysis for enantiomeric excess (EE) determination and assignment of absolute configuration (AC) using molecular rotational resonance (MRR) spectroscopy.

Geoscience remains one of the least diverse science, technology, engineering, and mathematics disciplines, despite investment in diversity initiatives. Obstacles such as insufficient funding, paucity of geoscience offerings, and lack of information continue to promote a culture of exclusion. This review critically examines the evolution of belonging, accessibility, justice, equity, diversity, and inclusion (BAJEDI) programs in the geosciences, focusing on efforts to increase participation and retention of minoritized people of color. We explore the philosophical foundations that have shaped BAJEDI efforts and the challenges they face despite realistic gains. This review identifies institutional and political limitations and offers recommendations to support positive, long-term institutional and systemic change. We underscore the need to move beyond symbolic gestures and argue for ethic of care practices that center authentic, relational interactions and systemic accountability. Understanding what truly works and the conditions under which it works for minoritized people of color is critical to building a more inclusive and innovative geoscience community. ▪ Increasing racial diversity in geoscience requires sustained, resilient, and evidence-based strategies rather than short-term or ad hoc efforts. ▪ Efforts to increase racial diversity and improve the experiences of people of color in geoscience must attend to relational dynamics within the field. ▪ Learning from past missteps and evaluating what works are essential to strengthening existing efforts and advancing racial diversity in geoscience. ▪ Including an ethic of care, rather than relying primarily on deontological or utilitarian frameworks, within diversity programs and policies is key to meaningful, lasting transformation in geoscience.

Since the dawn of civilization, humanity has looked to the sky, seeking to expand knowledge beyond Earth’s boundaries. The last eight decades have witnessed remarkable progress in space exploration, paving the way for increasingly longer space journeys and the establishment of human settlements on the Moon and Mars. These achievements have been made possible by advances in multiple scientific disciplines, including the rise of space medicine, astropharmacy, astrobiology, and astrobotany, each addressing how biological and technological systems adapt to extraterrestrial environments. Nevertheless, the space environment remains profoundly inhospitable to human life, making the protection of health and the assurance of long-term sustainability a key strategic goal in space exploration programs. Within this multidisciplinary framework, the potential role of medicinal plants remains underexplored. Historically central to healthcare, medicinal plants provide a vast repertoire of bioactive compounds and molecular scaffolds, many of which have inspired modern drugs. This review explores how medicinal plants could contribute to human well-being beyond Earth—not only as sources of therapeutic agents to mitigate spaceflight-induced ailments but also as biomanufacturing platforms for on-demand production of pharmaceuticals. Ultimately, medicinal plants could continue to play a pivotal role in supporting human health, also in space, but it poses new challenges and requires further scientific and technological advances.

The benefits of strength and conditioning (S&C) for golf are well established in the empirical scientific evidence base. While more longitudinal training studies are required, recent systematic reviews and meta-analyses have confirmed the viability of S&C for golfers, particularly for improving clubhead speed, a critical performance determinant. Golfer support is also evolving, whereby the historic “team” of golfer and golf coach are expanded. Elite golfers seek additional coaching from various sport science disciplines including S&C in the quest for sustained optimal performance. However, until recently, how S&C integrates within an overall golf plan had not been considered. Our research addressed this knowledge gap. This article is the first to synthesise these findings, make practical recommendations for golfers and their support team and provide suggestions for future research. The article highlights a continued need for improved communication between S&C coach, golf coach, and golfer. The golfer's wants and needs are not always aligned to those of the golf coach and the qualities the S&C coach needs to possess vary depending on the perceptions and practices of the golf coach and/or golfer. The S&C coach also needs to be cognisant of their varying overall impact on performance potential in a highly technical sport.