Renewable Energy Sector Research Articles

The continuously degrading state of the environment due to increasing fossil fuel consumption demands a quick overturn in the resource consumption patterns i.e., shift from non-renewable assets like fossil fuels to renewable assets. The present review focuses on this theme and evaluates the trends of fossil fuel consumption, carbon dioxide emission, temperature fluctuations, renewable energy transitions, and efforts to reduce climate change with a special emphasis on India. Data-driven trend analysis provides useful insights into the consumption patterns, environmental trends, and energy transition analysis, which can help in strategic planning and development of policies for sustainable growth. The Industrial Revolution has significantly contributed to climate change, primarily through the combustion of fossil fuels such as coal, oil, and natural gas for energy production. As a result, global temperatures have risen. If the current trajectory continues, average global temperatures may exceed pre-industrial levels by more than 1.5°C within the next two decades according to IPCC. To counter this, transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy is critical, particularly in the power sector, which is among the largest contributors to CO₂ emissions worldwide. India is one of the leading emitters of CO2 worldwide contributing 8.2% of the global emissions. To reduce its carbon footprint, India has developed around 179.6 GW of capacity from renewable energy sector. As per 2021 Nationally Determined Contributions (NDC), India has committed to fulfill nearly 50% of its electrical needs from non-fossil fuel-based energy resources by 2030. The Indian government is actively promoting renewable energy through various policies, incentives, and subsidies aimed at scaling up clean energy technologies. This review highlights these pressing concerns and emphasizes the importance of coordinated action by policymakers, industries, and civil society to mitigate climate change and secure a healthier environment for future generations. GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

In recent years, blockchain technology has garnered considerable interest in the renewable energy sector. Nonetheless, scholars have yet to investigate the comprehensive assessment of critical success factors (CSFs) for the implementation of blockchain technology in renewable energy. Furthermore, the current research lacks a stage framework or a standardized set of CSFs for blockchain technology. This review study seeks to establish a stage framework and identify a set of common CSFs for the effective adoption of blockchain technology by examining published materials pertinent to the topic under investigation. This evaluation employs a systematic literature review and scientific mapping methodology to objectively ascertain a collection of CSFs. We examined 65 journal articles from the Scopus database and Google Scholar, concentrating on prominent journals, keywords, countries/regions, and documents within the CSF domain of blockchain technology in renewable energy. The findings indicate that nations including China, Australia, the United States, and Germany have made the most significant contributions to this field. Among the 20 CSFs, the foremost five are regulation, integration with current systems, scalability, and security. The proposal delineates four principal research gaps and prospective research trajectories: environmental effect assessment, standardization, user experience and interface design, and management control. The insights and CSF checklist for blockchain technology will facilitate successful exploration and implementation in renewable energy.

This study aims to investigate the financial sector's impact on environmental degradation in the Turkic States and Türkiye. The financial industry is an important tool in preventing environmental degradation in almost every field in newly developing economies. For this purpose, three separate models were developed in the study to evaluate the impact of financial development on the ecological footprint as an indicator of environmental degradation between 1998-2020. In the analysis, the cointegration relationship between the variables was first tested, and then parameter estimates were made with the FMOLS method. According to the results obtained, the environmental Kuznets curve is valid. The ecological footprint and financial development are negatively related. It was seen that the relationship between financial development and growth reduced the ecological footprint; however, there was no connection between financial development and renewable energy. This may mean that the renewable energy sector is not yet effective enough.

Indonesia is an agricultural country with abundant potential for bioenergy (biodiesel, bioethanol, biomass, and biogas), with Indonesia's biofuel consumption and production expected to increase by 50 percent. This potential is one of the foundations for reducing carbon emissions by replacing fossil energy with new and renewable energy. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the government's initiative to use biogas through PLTBg. This study uses SWOT analysis through the Berlian Porter model approach with secondary data to prepare a strategic architectural framework. The research results are based on the findings in the development of financing for biogas utilization through PLTBg in the preparation and acceleration (short term), expansion (medium term), and final goal achievement (long term). The financing process uses the build, own, operate, and build-own transfer business model approach by implementing the 5C Principles integrated with ASRI principles. In order to optimize the biogas financing process, an agreement was made between the stakeholders involved to create new and renewable energy efficiency in the biogas sector through PLTBg and create a healthy business climate competition to avoid agency problems. The hope is that when this strategic architecture is used correctly, the acceleration of the transition project in the new renewable energy sector, especially biogas, through PLTBg through a funding scheme or financing for the financial services industry can be realized.

Student discipline is a critical factor in effective learning environments, yet traditional punitive approaches have shown limited success in fostering intrinsic motivation and self-regulation. This paper investigates how the planning and organizational aspects of project-based learning (PBL) contribute to cultivating student discipline, using a qualitative research approach involving classroom observations, teacher interviews, and student focus groups. The results indicate that effective PBL requires careful alignment with learning objectives, structured environments with clear expectations, and relevant, engaging projects. Student involvement in planning and decision-making processes enhances engagement, ownership, and responsible behavior, while collaborative group work fosters negotiation, conflict resolution, and social-emotional development. Incorporating real-world connections and authentic assessments increases the relevance of learning, leading to higher motivation, self-discipline, and improved academic and soft skills outcomes. These findings suggest that strategic implementation of PBL can create supportive, participatory, and meaningful learning environments that promote student discipline and prepare learners for broader societal challenges, including those relevant to the evolving demands of the renewable energy sector.

Kenya is capable of producing significant volumes of electricity from geothermal which ranges between 7,000 MW - 10,000 MW, yet the Geothermal Development Company (GDC) has only realized about 863 MW with a history of poor achievement. The study examined the effect of Strategic Change Management (SCM) practices, on organizational performance, in the geothermal energy sector. The research study adopted a descriptive design and collected quantitative data using structured questionnaires. The sample consisted of 96 middle to senior management staff from 6 directorates of the GDC. The research utilized Kotter’s Eight-Step Change Model, Stakeholder Theory, Resource-Based View and the Balanced Scorecard Framework in analysing the data in response to the research objectives. Correlation and regression analyses indicated that Communication (r=0.633, p<0.05), Employee Participation (r=0.688, p<0.05), Leadership (r=0.406, p<0.05) and Organizational Learning (r=0.900, p< 0.05) all had a significant effect on performance. Organizational Learning had the highest significant predictive effect on performance and explained approximately 69.4% of the variance of organizational performance. This indicates that if organizations would provide support for communication, participation and learning as an aspect of their organizational strategies and further strengthen their leadership practices, performance in the geothermal energy sector will be significantly enhanced. The study recommends policy and organizational interventions, specifically for organizational learning and employee participation, to be mainstreamed in Kenya's renewable energy sector.

With challenges such as land availability and regulatory constraints, offshore renewable energy sector is poised to play a pivotal role in the transition to a low-carbon future. Among offshore technologies, wind and solar photovoltaic (PV) have emerged as the most promising solutions. However, a global assessment of offshore resources, particularly solar PV, remains lacking. Hence, we identify suitable areas for offshore wind and solar PV development on the basis of economic feasibility, technical constraints, and environmental considerations and quantify the national potential for electricity production and CO2 reduction contributions. With a conservative assumption of using 1% of suitable areas, offshore wind and solar PV could generate ~6049 and 14,173 terawatt-hours of electricity annually. This would cover nearly 30% of the expected global electricity demand in 2050. The resulting reductions in carbon dioxide emissions could exceed 9 billion tonnes annually. These findings highlight the critical role offshore renewable energy can play in achieving a low-carbon future.

ABSTRACT The transition to sustainable energy is challenged by supply chain vulnerabilities, resource misallocation, and low productivity across the global renewable energy industry. Amidst a backdrop of declining government subsidies, it is critical to explore alternative financing mechanisms, such as digital finance, to support renewable energy development. Based on panel data from 161 Chinese listed renewable energy enterprises spanning 2007 to 2021, this study employs a two-way fixed effects model to examine the impact of digital finance on the total factor productivity (TFP) of the renewable energy sector. We find that: (1) Digital finance significantly increases the TFP of renewable energy enterprises. (2) The mechanisms include enhancing supply chain resilience, reducing capital misallocation, fostering supply chain diversification, and stimulating technological innovation. (3) The effect is particularly pronounced in enterprises with closer bank-enterprise linkages, advanced digital infrastructure, and smaller firm size, and is amplified in regions with more developed financial systems, superior digital infrastructure, and sound regulatory frameworks. Our findings provide empirical evidence supporting digital finance as a market-based alternative to subsidies in promoting sustainable growth of renewable energy.

This study proposes a novel Fermatean fuzzy (FF) multi-criteria decision-making framework to evaluate renewable energy systems under uncertainty, focusing on sustainable development and efficient energy utilisation. The novelty lies in developing a new scoring function for FF sets that enhances the differentiation of closely ranked alternatives and in extending step-wise weight assessment ratio analysis and logarithmic percentage change-driven objective weighting methods into the FF domain for computing subjective and objective weights, respectively. The integrated framework employs the distance-based evaluation from average solution method to rank five renewable sources, solar, wind, hydro, biomass, and geothermal across four sustainability main criteria and eighteen sub-criteria. Data are collected through structured expert surveys involving professionals from the renewable energy sector. The analysis identifies policy alignment (weight: 0.09985) and emission reduction potential (weight: 0.07838) as the most influential criteria. Solar energy ranks highest with a performance score of 0.83208, followed by wind (0.65355), while biomass scores lowest (0.24781). Sensitivity and comparative analyses validate the robustness and consistency of the proposed model. The results suggest prioritising solar and wind energy and offer actionable insights for policymakers to develop resilient and uncertainty-aware renewable energy strategies.

Biogas has been proven to be a sustainable substitute for fossil fuel-based energy systems. It comprises mainly of CH4, CO2, H2S, and water vapour. Biogas purification is crucial for making the gas suitable for various applications in the renewable energy sector. Water scrubbing has been widely used for enriching the methane percentage. Determining the optimal water flow rate in biogas scrubbing is crucial for enhancing methane content and reducing carbon dioxide and hydrogen sulfide impurities. Various studies have identified specific water flow rates that maximize efficiency in different scrubbing systems. This study focused on determining the water flow rate (WFR) required for the optimal biogas purification using water scrubbing technology. The study applied Response Surface Methodology (RSM), specifically Central Composite Design (CCD) in the design of the experiment (DoE) to optimize the water flow rate (WFR). WFR was varied at the rates of 3.5, 4.0, 4.5, 5.0, and 5.5 litres per hour (l/hr). The study used Design Expert software version 13 in the analysis of results. This study found that the highest methane enrichment of 91.45% was attained at the WFR of 5.0 litres per hour.

Energy is one of the fundamental requirements of human society. With the ever-increasing demand for energy, renewable energy sources have emerged as a promising solution to address environmental concerns and ensure sustainable development. The Internet of Things (IoT) has revolutionized various industries, and its integration with renewable energy systems offers significant potential for enhancing efficiency, reliability, and cost-effectiveness. This comprehensive review provides an in-depth analysis of the role of IoT in different renewable energy sectors, including solar, wind, hydroelectric, tidal, biogas, and geothermal energy. We explore how IoT-enabled technologies, such as sensors, actuators, and data analytics, are transforming the renewable energy landscape. Furthermore, we discuss the benefits and challenges associated with IoT integration and identify future trends and research directions. By leveraging the power of IoT, we can unlock the full potential of renewable energy and move towards a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy future.

Carbon emissions represent a critical and pressing challenge in the 21st century. This study examines the impact of economic growth on carbon emissions in Bulgaria, an emerging economy in Eastern Europe. Utilizing annual time series data spanning from 1990 to 2020, we analyzed the relationship between carbon emissions and key explanatory variables, including GDP growth and renewable energy consumption. To investigate the long-term dynamics among the variables, the study employed the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) Bounds testing approach for co-integration. The empirical findings confirm the existence of a long-run relationship among the model variables. Notably, economic growth was found to have a significant positive effect on carbon emissions in Bulgaria. Conversely, renewable energy consumption exhibited an insignificant negative impact on emissions, indicating that the renewable energy sector remains underdeveloped and insufficiently integrated into the national energy mix. These findings carry important implications for policymakers. To balance economic growth with environmental sustainability, it is essential to promote and invest in renewable energy sources. Strengthening this sector could help mitigate the environmental consequences of economic expansion in Bulgaria.

Vietnam has emerged as one of the most dynamic renewable energy (RE) markets in Southeast Asia, marked by impressive growth in solar and wind power. This paper aims to analyze key figures on renewable energy development in Vietnam, review legal and technical barriers, and assess the evolving policy framework towards achieving the national Net-Zero target by 2050. Between 2015 and 2021, solar capacity rose from under 100 MW to more than 18 GW, largely fueled by supportive Feed-in Tariff (FIT) policies under Decision No. 11/2017/QD-TTg and Decision No. 13/2020/QD-TTg. Wind energy also expanded, reaching about 4 GW by 2023. By 2024, renewables accounted for nearly 30% of national electricity capacity. However, challenges persist. Post-FIT uncertainty, delays in PDP8, grid congestion, and the lack of advanced storage or forecasting limit system flexibility. These issues hinder private investment, compounded by the absence of a mature carbon pricing framework. In response, Vietnam has shifted from FITs to competitive bidding schemes, with pilot auctions planned, while also drafting a carbon market framework to mobilize climate finance. The paper highlights that PDP8 (National Power Development Plan VIII), approved in 2023, sets ambitious goals: renewables to supply 47% of electricity by 2030. Policy adjustments now integrate carbon cost considerations, promoting sustainability. Furthermore, Vietnam is collaborating with international partners to enhance grid standards, develop recycling solutions for end-of-life solar panels, and apply ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) practices. The research provides a comprehensive overview of achievements, identifies bottlenecks, and evaluates future directions for Vietnam’s renewable energy sector, underlining its critical role in realizing the Net-Zero 2050 commitment.

The article explores the strategic development of renewable energy enterprises as a key driver in advancing global energy efficiency and promoting energy conservation. In the context of increasing environmental challenges, rising energy demand, and the urgency of transitioning to sustainable energy sources, renewable energy enterprises play a pivotal role in shaping the future of the global energy system. The purpose of the study is to examine strategic approaches that can accelerate the development of renewable energy enterprises and assess their potential impact on enhancing energy efficiency and reducing energy consumption at both national and international levels. The objectives of the research include analyzing global trends in the renewable energy sector, identifying key barriers and opportunities for strategic growth, and developing a framework that integrates innovation, policy support, and market mechanisms to foster sustainable development. The study also considers the role of renewable energy enterprises in achieving international climate goals, increasing energy independence, and supporting socio-economic development through job creation and technological advancement. The methodological foundation of the paper is based on a systems approach, incorporating both qualitative and quantitative methods, including comparative analysis, case studies of leading renewable energy companies, and data modeling of energy efficiency outcomes. The research reveals that strategic development, including investment in innovation, policy alignment, and international cooperation, significantly contributes to the scalability and competitiveness of renewable energy enterprises. It highlights that integrating smart technologies, digital monitoring systems, and decentralized energy production enhances operational efficiency and supports the broader goals of energy conservation. Furthermore, the study underscores the importance of public-private partnerships and long-term policy stability in enabling renewable energy enterprises to flourish. The findings of the research contribute to the theoretical and practical understanding of the strategic development of renewable energy enterprises and offer policy recommendations and strategic directions for governments, investors, and energy sector stakeholders. The proposed strategic framework emphasizes risk mitigation, capacity building, and regulatory incentives to unlock the full potential of renewable energy as a catalyst for global energy efficiency and sustainability.

Abstract While most components of wind turbines (WTs) can be recycled, the blades present a significant challenge. Made from thermoset resin composites, these blades are difficult to recycle at the end of their service life. Although several recycling methods are under development, none allows for the recovery of the resin, and the reclaimed fibres exhibit lower mechanical performance compared to virgin materials. Certain thermoplastic resins offer a more sustainable alternative due to their inherent recyclability, enabling not only the thermoforming of composites but also the recovery of both resin and fibres for reuse in future manufacturing processes. This study demonstrates the manufacturing process of a small wind turbine blade using Akelite, a high-performance liquid acrylic resin with excellent mechanical properties and thermal stability. After undergoing fatigue testing, the blade was successfully recycled, and its constituent materials were reused to manufacture a new WT blade. This process significantly enhances the sustainability of wind energy systems by enabling the full recovery of blade materials at the end of their operational life. Moreover, it aligns with Sustainable Development Goal 12 (SDG-12), by promoting responsible consumption and production, and establishes a circular economy model that could transform blade manufacturing practices across the renewable energy sector.

A SWOT analysis for the evolution of Brazil’s renewable energy sector

Abstract This study examines the anticipated socio‐ecological and economic impacts of a mechanism to promote renewable energy development in Russia. The proposed mechanism supports the government's objective of increasing renewable energy share to 2.5 per cent of total energy production and consumption in the wholesale electricity and capacity market by 2030. A quantitative analysis of these effects within Russia's Arctic zone indicates an estimated impact valued at RUB 11.34 billion in 2030. The findings highlight the potential for renewable energy to contribute significantly to the sustainable development of regions with harsh environmental conditions, by reducing carbon emissions and diversifying energy sources. The study also underscores the importance of targeted policies and financial incentives for renewable energy development. The research provides important insights for stakeholders and policymakers aiming to balance economic growth with environmental sustainability. It also identifies specific policy recommendations for fostering a robust and sustainable renewable energy sector in Russia's Arctic Zone.

Exploring the interconnections between oil price uncertainty and the European renewable energy sector in wartime

This study presents a holistic framework for adaptive thermal energy storage (A-TES) in solar-assisted systems. This framework aims to support a reliable industrial energy supply, particularly during periods of limited sunlight, while also facilitating industrial decarbonization. In previous studies, the focus was not on addressing the framework of the entire problem, but rather on specific parts of it. Therefore, the innovation in this study lies in bringing these aspects together within a unified framework through a data-driven approach that combines the analysis of efficiency, technology, environmental impact, sectoral applications, operational challenges, and policy into a comprehensive system. Sensible thermal energy storage with an adaptive approach can be utilized in numerous industries, particularly concentrated solar power plants, to optimize power dispatch, enhance energy efficiency, and reduce gas emissions. Simulation results indicate that stable regulations and flexible incentives have led to a 60% increase in solar installations, highlighting their significance in investment expansion within the renewable energy sector. Integrated measures among sectors have increased energy availability by 50% in rural regions, illustrating the need for partnerships in renewable energy projects. The full implementation of novel advanced energy management systems (AEMSs) in industrial heat processes has resulted in a 20% decrease in energy consumption and a 15% improvement in efficiency. Making the switch to open-source software has reduced software expenditure by 50% and increased productivity by 20%, demonstrating the strategic advantages of open-source solutions. The findings provide a foundation for future research by offering a framework to analyze a specific real-world industrial case.

With increasing global emphasis on environmental protection, the drawbacks of traditional chemical technologiessuch as high energy consumption, pollution, and resource wastehave become prominent. Green chemical technology addresses these issues by maximizing resource efficiency and emphasizing atom economy. This study explores key green chemical technologies in the renewable energy sector, focusing on hydrogen energy and carbon capture. This paper finds that hydrogen production via water electrolysis (alkaline, PEM, and SOE methods) enables zero-emission energy storage and high-purity industrial applications, while innovations in catalysts and membrane materials enhance efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Carbon capture technologies (chemical/physical absorption, membrane separation, and cryogenic methods) are analyzed for their industrial applications, with advancements in low-energy absorbents and hybrid systems improving feasibility. Additionally, CO utilization in chemical synthesis, construction materials, and agriculture demonstrates its circular economy potential. This research highlights the role of green chemical technologies in achieving carbon neutrality and promoting sustainable industrial development.