Red Blood Cell Count Research Articles

A Study of Certain Physiological Characteristics of Infected Children with Diarrhea Owing to Entamoeba Histolytica and Related Bacteria in Children of Thi-Qar Province

The present study aims to evaluate the physiological characteristics of E. histolytica and common pathogenic bacteria in children under the age of five who are experiencing diarrhoea. The present investigation was carried out at Bint Al-Huda Teaching Hospital for Women and Children and Al-Mousawi Hospital under the jurisdiction of Thi-Qar Province. The present study observed a significant decrease in the count of red blood cells, haemoglobin blood, and hematocrite in patients infected with E. histolytica and pathogenic bacteria, as well as in patients infected with E. histolytica alone, compared to the control groups. However, there was no significant difference within patients for both males and females. The blood parameters of male and female patients with diarrhoea (plate late test) exhibited a statistically significant increase (P ≥ 0.05) in comparison to the control group. There was no statistically significant difference (P ≥ 0.05) observed between male and female patients with diarrhoea produced by E. histolytica and pathogenic bacteria, compared to those with diarrhoea caused only by E. histolytica. There were no significant changes (P ≥ 0.05) in any blood parameters (mean cell volume, mean cell haemoglobin, mean cell haemoglobin concentration) between male and female patients with diarrhoea and the control group. The findings of the study revealed that there was no statistically significant increase (p < 0.05) in the levels of Aspartate aminotransferase, Alanine aminotransferase, and Alkaline phosphatase in patients infected with E. histolytica. However, in patients infected solely with E. histolytica, there was a significant increase in enzyme levels compared to both the pathogenic and control groups. The present study demonstrated a notable elevation in the levels of urea and creatinine among male and female patients diagnosed with diarrhoea in comparison to the control group. However, no statistically significant difference was observed between male and female patients with diarrhoea caused by E. histolytica and pathogenic bacteria, as compared to those with diarrhoea solely caused by E. histolytica.

The Response of the Amputee Athlete Heart to Chronic Core Exercise: A Study on Hematological and Biochemical Parameters, and N-Terminal Pro Brain Natriuretic Peptide

Background and Objectives: mortality and morbidity due to cardiovascular causes are frequently experienced in amputees. Research on the effects of chronic exercise on biomarkers and cardiac damage indicators in these individuals is limited. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a core training program on brain natriuretic-related peptide, as well as hematological and biochemical parameters in amputee soccer players. Materials and Methods: The participants were randomly allocated to the following two groups: a core exercise group (CEG) and a control group (CG). While the CG continued routine soccer training, the CEG group was included in a core exercise program different from this group. During the study, routine hemogram parameters of the participants, various biochemical markers, and the concentration of brain natriuretic-related peptide (NT-pro-BNP) were analyzed. Results: after the training period, notable improvements in various hematological parameters were observed in both groups. In the CEG, there were significant enhancements in red blood cell count (RBC), hematocrit (HCT), mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) values. Similarly, the CG also showed substantial improvements in RBC, HCT, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), MCHC, MCH, red cell distribution width-standard deviation (RDW-SD), platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLCR), mean platelet volume (MPV), and platelet distribution width (PDW). Moreover, in the CEG, serum triglycerides (TG) and maximal oxygen uptake (MaxVO2) exhibited significant increases. Conversely, TG levels decreased in the CG, while high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and MaxVO2 levels demonstrated substantial elevations. Notably, the N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels did not undergo significant changes in either the CEG or the CG following the core exercise program (p > 0.05). However, in the CEG, a meaningful positive correlation was observed between NT-pro-BNP and creatine kinase (CK) levels before and after the core exercise program. Conclusions: the findings emphasized the potential benefits of core training in enhancing specific physiological aspects, such as erythrocyte-related parameters and lipid metabolism, as well as aerobic capacity. Furthermore, the observed correlation between NT-pro-BNP and CK levels in the CEG provides intriguing insights into the unique physiological adaptations of amputee athletes.

Chlorella vulgaris algae ameliorates chlorpyrifos toxicity in Nile tilapia with special reference to antioxidant enzymes and Streptococcus agalactiae infection

BackgroundChlorpyrifos (CPF) is a widely used pesticide in the production of plant crops. Despite rapid CPF biodegradation, fish were exposed to wastewater containing detectable residues. Recently, medicinal plants and algae were intensively used in aquaculture to replace antibiotics and ameliorate stress impacts.Methods and resultsAn indoor experiment was conducted to evaluate the deleterious impacts of CPF pollution on Nile tilapia health and the potential mitigation role of Chlorella vulgaris algae. Firstly, the median lethal concentration LC50 − 72 h of CPF was determined to be 85.8 µg /L in Nile tilapia (35.6 ± 0.5 g body weight) at a water temperature of 27.5 °C. Secondly, fish were exposed to 10% of LC50 − 72 h for six weeks, and tissue samples were collected and examined every two weeks. Also, Nile tilapia were experimentally infected with Streptococcus agalactiae. Exposed fish were immunosuppressed expressed with a decrease in gene expressions of interleukin (IL) 1β, IL-10, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α. Also, a decline was recorded in glutathione peroxidase (GPx), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) gene expression in the head kidney tissue. A high mortality rate (MR) of 100% was recorded in fish exposed to CPF for six weeks and challenged with S. agalactiae. Fish that received dietary C. vulgaris could restore gene expression cytokines and antioxidants compared to the control. After six weeks of CPF exposure, fish suffered from anemia as red blood cell count (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), and packed cell volume (PCV) significantly declined along with downregulation of serum total protein (TP), globulin (GLO), and albumin (ALB). Liver enzymes were significantly upregulated in fish exposed to CPF pollution, alanine aminotransferase (ALT) (42.5, 53.3, and 61.7 IU/L) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) (30.1, 31.2, and 22.8) after 2, 4, and 6 weeks, respectively. On S. agalactiae challenge, high MR was recorded in Nile tilapia exposed to CPF (G3) 60%, 60%, and 100% in week 2, week 4, and week 6, and C. vulgaris provided a relative protection level (RPL) of 0, 14.29, and 20%, respectively.ConclusionsIt was concluded that CPF pollution induces immunosuppressed status, oxidative stress, and anemic signs in Nile tilapia. In contrast, C. vulgaris at a 50 g/kg fish feed dose could partially ameliorate such withdrawals, restoring normal physiological parameters.

Quality of life and its related-influencing factors in patients with cervical cancer based on the scale QLICP-CE(V2.0)

BackgroundQuality of life research can guide clinical workers to adopt more targeted treatment and intervention measures, so as to achieve the purpose of improving patients’ quality of life. The objective of this study was to evaluate health-related quality of life in Chinese patients with cervical cancer and to explore its influencing factors.MethodsA total of 186 patients with cervical cancer were investigated by using the QLICP-CE (V2.0) scale (Quality of Life Instruments for Cancer Patients-Cervical Cancer) developed by our group in China. The data were analyzed by t-test, one-way ANOVA, univariate analysis, and multivariate linear regression.ResultsThe total score of quality of life scale for cervical cancer patients was (62.58 ± 12.69), Univariate analysis of objective clinical indexes showed that creatinine concentration was a negative influence factor in the psychological domain, potassium ion concentration was a negative influence factor in the common symptoms and side effect domain, erythrocyte content was a positive influence factor physical domain and common general domain. Multiple linear regression results suggested that clinical staging was the influencing factor of common symptom and side effect domain, common general module and total score of scale. Marital status has different degrees of influence on the psychological, social, and common general domains. The level of education also influenced scores in the social domain.ConclusionThe total score of quality of life in patients with cervical cancer who received active treatment was acceptable. Marital status, clinical staging, and educational level are the factors that affect the quality of life of patients with cervical cancer. At the same time, potassium ion concentration, red blood cell count and creatinine concentration also have important effects on quality of life in patients with cervical cancer. Therefore, it is very important to give personalized treatment and nursing to patients based on various factors.

Study of some immunological indicators for COVID-19 patients in Babylon city

COVID-19 has been a global challenge caused by a coronavirus that infects the respiratory system and poses a high risk to life. This study dealt with some immunological indicators associated with this disease. A total of 150 samples was collected from COVID-19 patients (120 samples) and non-infected individuals (30 samples; control group) who were admitted to the Marjan Medical City Hospital in Al-Hilla, Babylon, Iraq for the period from March 1 to August 30, 2022. Of these participants, 65% were men and 35% were women, with ages ranging from 16 to 75 years. The samples were collected under the supervision of specialized doctors, according to the approved by the Iraqi Ministry of Health protocols. The parameters examined in this study included the complete blood count, the red blood cell (RBC) count, the packed cell volume, the haemoglobin levels, the platelet count, the white blood cell (WBC) count, and the levels of immunological indicators such as interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), interleukin-17 (IL-17), the tumour necro¬sis factor-alpha (TNF-α), the C-reactive protein (CRP), and the erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Our results indicate a clear increase in the WBC count, the IL-1β levels, IL-17 levels, the TNF-α levels, the CRP levels, the ESR, and the RBC count, as well as a clear decrease in the lymphocyte count, as a result of COVID-19.

250 Effects of premix carriers rich in iron, calcium, or fiber on growth performance of early-growing pigs

Abstract The study was to evaluate the effect of premix carriers rich in iron (sand), calcium (limestone), or fiber (rice hull) on growth performance of early-growing pigs. A total of 215 pigs [initial body weight (BW) = 39.90 ± 5.06 kg) were randomly allotted to 3 dietary treatments containing 2% of different premix carriers: sand, limestone, or rice hull (30% crude fiber) using initial BW and sex as blocks (5 to 6 pigs per pen, 14 pens per treatment). The total Ca in sand, limestone, and rice hull were 4.28, 39.52, and 0.27 %, respectively, with Fe levels of 2.39, 0.20, and 0.05%, respectively. The analyzed total Ca level of the experimental diet containing sand, limestone, or rice hull was 0.69, 0.71, or 1.88 %, the analyzed total P level was 0.49, 0.49, or 0.48 %, and the analyzed total Fe level was 305, 633, or 347 ppm, respectively with 144 ppm of Fe from FeSO4·H2O in each diet. During the 28 d of the experiment, BW, feed disappearance, and fecal scores (ranging from 0 to 3 with 3 indicating watery feces) were recorded. Blood and feces were collected at the end of the experiment to measure the ATTD of dry matter (DM) and CP, serum iron concentration, hemoglobin, and red blood cell count. Data were analyzed by ANOVA using the Mixed Procedure of SAS with different premix carriers as the fixed effect. Limestone reduced the average daily gain (ADG; P < 0.05, 0.871 vs. 0.965 and 0.935 kg/d), increased feed conversion ratio (FCR; P < 0.05, 2.55 vs. 2.33 and 2.36), and aggravated diarrhea severity as reflected by greater fecal scores (P < 0.05, 1.53 vs. 1.18 and 1.19) compared with sand and rice hull as carriers. The ATTD of both DM and CP in pigs fed a premix with sand as a carrier were greater than that in rice hull- or limestone-treated pigs (P < 0.05, DM: 86.7 vs. 77.7 or 74.1%; CP: 86.1 vs. 75.0 or 73.3%). Furthermore, pigs fed a premix containing sand exhibited the greatest serum iron concentrations among treatment groups (sand, limestone, and rice hull: 2.81, 1.93, and 1.69 mg/L). However, no significant difference was observed in red blood cell count or hemoglobin concentrations among groups. In sum, excessive limestone in premix can negatively affect growth performance and fecal consistency, whereas using sand rich in iron as a carrier in premix exerted minimal impact on nutrient digestibility as opposed to limestone or rice hull.

The impact of nursing interventions on the rehabilitation outcome of patients after lumbar spine surgery

BackgroundThis study aimed to investigate the impact of nursing interventions on the rehabilitation outcomes of patients after lumbar spine surgery and to provide effective references for future postoperative care for patients undergoing lumbar spine surgery.MethodsThe study included two groups: a control group receiving routine care and an observation group receiving additional comprehensive nursing care. The comprehensive care encompassed postoperative rehabilitation, pain, psychological, dietary management, and discharge planning. The Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), Oswestry Disability Index (ODI), Short-Form 36 (SF-36) Health Survey, self-rating depression scale (SDS) and self-rating anxiety scale(SAS) were used to assess physiological and psychological recovery. Blood albumin, haemoglobin, neutrophil counts, white blood cell counts, red blood cell counts, inflammatory markers (IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ) were measured, and the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions was also recorded.ResultsPatients in the observation group exhibited significantly improved VAS, ODI, SF-36, SDS and SAS scores assessments post-intervention compared to the control group (P < 0.05). Moreover, levels of IL-6, IL-10, and IFN-γ were more favorable in the observation group post-intervention (P < 0.05), indicating a reduction in inflammatory response. There was no significant difference in the incidence of postoperative adverse reactions between the groups (P > 0.05), suggesting that the comprehensive nursing interventions did not increase the risk of adverse effects.ConclusionComprehensive nursing interventions have a significant impact on the postoperative recovery outcomes of patients with LSS, alleviating pain, reducing inflammation levels, and improving the overall quality of patient recovery without increasing the patient burden. Therefore, in clinical practice, it is important to focus on comprehensive nursing interventions for patients with LSS to improve their recovery outcomes and quality of life.

The role of prothrombin complex concentrate to control critical bleeding after splenectomy for blunt abdominal trauma; A case report

Blunt abdominal trauma is an event that can cause massive internal bleeding and can be life-threatening. Splenectomy is often performed to treat organ injuries in patients with blunt abdominal trauma. However, splenectomy can cause hemostasis problems, which can cause more bleeding and risk complications such as Acute Kidney Injury (AKI).&#x0D; This case report aims to discuss the role of prothrombin complex concentrate (PCC) in treating bleeding and preventing AKI in blunt abdominal trauma patients after splenectomy at Fatmawati Hospital, Jakarta, Indonesia.&#x0D; A 15-year-old woman experienced blunt abdominal trauma due to a sports accident and sustained internal bleeding. After a thorough evaluation, she underwent an emergency splenectomy to stop the bleeding. However, patients developed hemostasis problem which made the control of postoperative bleeding difficult. To overcome this problem, patient was administered PCC intravenously, which resulted in significant improvement in controlling postoperative bleeding. The hematocrit level and red blood cell count steadily increased, indicating the effectiveness of PCC in improving the patient's hemostasis.&#x0D; PCC can play an important role in treating post-splenectomy bleeding in patients with blunt abdominal trauma. Apart from that, the use of PCC can also help prevent AKI, which is a serious and life-threatening complication. Further research and clinical trials are needed to confirm the benefits of using PCC in a broader patient population with similar conditions.&#x0D; Abbreviations: AKI- Acute Kidney Injury; PCC- Prothrombin Complex Concentrate&#x0D; Keywords: Acute Kidney Injury; Bleeding; Blunt Abdominal Trauma; Prothrombin Complex Concentrate; Splenectomy&#x0D; Citation: Laksana AP, Manggala SK, Irawany V. The role of prothrombin complex concentrate to control critical bleeding after splenectomy for blunt abdominal trauma; A case report. Anaesth. pain intensive care 2024;28(1):177−181; DOI: 10.35975/apic.v28i1.2289&#x0D; Received: September 13, 2023; Reviewed: October 29, 2023; Accepted: December 19, 2023

Gender Differences in Prevalence and Associated Factors of Dyslipidemia in Initial-Treatment and Drug-Naïve Schizophrenia Patients.

Dyslipidemia is frequently comorbid with schizophrenia (SCZ), and both conditions often demonstrate significant gender differences in their clinical features. This study specifically focuses on investigating the prevalence of dyslipidemia and the factors that contribute to it in initial-treatment and drug-naïve (ITDN) SCZ patients, specifically focusing on gender differences. A total of 224 male ITDN SCZ patients and 424 female ITDN SCZ patients were included in this study. Socio-demographic and general clinical data of the patients were collected, and routine biochemical parameters, such as lipid levels, fasting blood glucose, thyroid function, renal function, and blood cell counts, were measured. Patients were also assessed for psychopathology and disease severity using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Clinical Global Impression Scale - Severity of Illness (CGI-SI), respectively. In addition, a lipids score was calculated for assessing the severity of dyslipidemia. The study revealed that the prevalence of dyslipidemia in male patients was 34.02% (83/224), whereas 33.25% (141/424) in females, indicating no statistically significant difference (χ2 = 0.04, p = 0.841). For males, the risk factors for dyslipidemia were high education levels and diastolic blood pressure (DBP), while red blood cell count (RBC) as a protective factor. Additionally, DBP was identified as a risk factor for dyslipidemia score. In females, systolic blood pressure (SBP) was identified as a risk factor for dyslipidemia, while being married and creatinine (CRE) levels were found to be protective factors. Moreover, SBP was revealed as a risk factor for dyslipidemia score. No significant gender differences were observed in the prevalence of dyslipidemia among the ITDN SCZ patients. However, notable gender differences were identified in the factors influencing dyslipidemia and its severity within this group. These findings suggest the necessity of implementing gender-specific interventions to address the potential risk factors associated with dyslipidemia.

Unveiling genotypic diversity of Theileria orientalis in lethal outbreaks among bovines in Karnataka, India.

Theileria orientalis, the causal agent of oriental theileriosis, is known to cause mild disease in cattle and buffalo across the world. Recently, different genotypes of T. orientalis have emerged as pathogenic, causing high reported morbidity in cattle. This study focuses on investigating three suspected outbreaks of oriental theileriosis that resulted in fatalities among crossbred and indigenous bulls in Karnataka, India. Examination of blood smears revealed the presence of T. orientalis piroplasms within erythrocytes. The genetic characterization of T. orientalis was conducted by targeting specific markers, including the mpsp gene, p23 gene, and ribosomal DNA markers (18S rRNA gene, ITS-1, and ITS-2). Analysis based on the 18S rRNA gene unveiled the presence of both Type A and Type E genotypes of T. orientalis in the outbreaks. The mpsp gene-based analysis identified genotype 7 of T. orientalis in crossbred cows, whereas genotype 1 (Chitose B) was found to be present in indigenous bulls. Haplotype network analysis based on the mpsp gene revealed the presence of 39 distinct haplotypes within the 12 defined genotypes of T. orientalis with a high haplotype diversity of 0.9545 ± 0.017. Hematological and biochemical analysis revealed a decrease in calcium, hemoglobin levels, red blood cell counts, and phosphorus. This study constitutes the initial documentation of a clinical outbreak of oriental theileriosis in indigenous bulls with genotype 1 (Chitose 1B). Substantial epidemiological investigations are imperative to gain a comprehensive understanding of the geographical distribution of distinct genotypes and the diverse clinical manifestations of the disease across various hosts.

Effect of Zirconia Coating on Ti6Al4V at Elevated Substrate Temperature on its Wear, Corrosion and Hemocompatibility Properties

Titanium and its alloys have been recognized as biocompatible materials since decades although these materials can at times show wear, corrosion and thrombosis leading to various health complications. Surface coating has been found to be one of the effective techniques to overcome this issue in-vitro as well as in-vivo. In this paper, thin film coating of zirconia (ZrO2) on Ti6Al4V is reported using pulsed laser deposition (PLD) technique at elevated substrate temperatures ranging from room temperature to 800˚C (TiZr800). The morphology, composition, wettability and average surface roughness of the samples were analyzed by scanning electron microscope, Raman spectrometer, water contact angle (WCA) and profilometer, respectively. Adhesion between film and substrate was qualified using Elcometer. The tribological studies were performed in ball-on-disc against ZrO2 counterpart, the electrochemical potential analysis was done in simulated body fluid to replicate body environment and the hemocompatibility test was evaluated on the basis of human whole blood adsorption and distribution of Red Blood Cells (RBCs) on the samples. The results revealed an increase in WCA and film adhesion with increased substrate temperature. At 800˚C, formation of zirconium carbide, a relatively harder material, was observed due to diffusion of substrate carbon into ZrO2 film, as confirmed by the Raman analysis. In comparison to pristine, TiZr800 sample showed a reduction in wear rate from 3.5 x 10-3 mm3/Nm to 1.1 x10-3 mm3/Nm indicating improved resistance of the sample against abrasive wear. Further, drop in Icorr from 4.96 x 10-7 A/cm2 to 2.75 x10-7 A/cm2 resulted in a 44% increase in corrosion protective efficiency of the sample coated at 800˚C. Additionally, a 4.5 fold increase in RBC counts was observed on TiZr800 sample. Therefore, it is inferred that while ZrO2 coating can improve overall surface properties of Ti-6Al-4V, additional benefits can be obtained by performing PLD at higher substrate temperatures, more so when the temperature is such as to promote formation of ZrC in the coating.

Anemia and Fatigue in Patients with Chronic Kidney Failure

Chronic renal failure results in impaired kidney function, effectively eliminating metabolic waste and regulating fluid and electrolyte balance. The accumulation of waste metabolites is thought to impact the occurrence of anemia and fatigue. However, no research has shown a correlation between the incidence of anemia and fatigue in sufferers of chronic kidney failure. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between hemoglobin levels and the degree of fatigue experienced by individuals diagnosed with chronic kidney disease. This research uses a cross-sectional study approach. The study population consisted of patients with chronic kidney failure at one of the hospitals in Lumajang Regency who were identified by the indicator of high BUN values. The sample size for this research was 50 people selected through purposive sampling. The data type used is primary data, with the independent variable being the Hb value, while the dependent variable is the level of fatigue in chronic kidney failure patients. The results of the Pearson correlation test in this study showed that there was a significant relationship between the percentage of hemoglobin levels in the blood and the level of fatigue in chronic kidney failure patients (p-value = &lt;0,000; α = 0.05), with a strength of relationship 0,6092 which means the level Hemoglobin in the blood and the level of fatigue have a perfect degree of correlation. In patients with chronic renal failure and low hemoglobin levels, their fatigue levels will become more severe. Insufficient hemoglobin levels lead to a reduced count of red blood cells, causing a decline in the body's capacity to transport oxygen. This inadequate oxygen supply hampers the oxidation process and energy production in the form of ATP within the body's cells. Consequently, patients with chronic renal failure may undergo a substantial decrease in energy levels and experience significant tiredness.

Red Dragon Fruit Education as Prevention of Anemia in Pregnant Mothers

Iron requirements increase during pregnancy due to fetal and placental requirements and physiological changes such as increased blood volume and red blood cell count. An increase in these levels can also lead to a decrease in hemoglobin and hematocrit levels, resulting in increased prevalence of anaemia and iron deficiency in pregnancy. Dragon fruit is a fruit that is rich in antioxidants and calcium and is relatively high in iron. The purpose of the community service activities that will be carried out is to provide education about the use of red dragon fruit as an attempt to prevent anemia in pregnant mothers and is planned to be implemented on Monday, January 29th, 2024 in Bidan Nurachmi Palembang Independent Practice. The method of community dedication is by giving the approval, the participants of this community service activities are pregnant mothers of Trimester I to III of 10 people. All participants followed the activity from start to finish, were active in the discussion, and were well evaluated. Evaluation is done with pre and post test assessments by filling in the questionnaire that has been provided. The pre-test assessment results obtained an average score of 51 and an average post-test score of 86, from the evaluation results can be concluded there was an increase in the average score participants so there is an improvement in knowledge and understanding about the use of red dragon fruit as an attempt to prevent anemia in pregnant mothers.

Evaluation of blood boosting potentials of combined administration of Vigna unguiculata and Citrus limon ethanol extracts using Wister rat models

The use of traditional herbal medicines started in ancient times. It is estimated that 80% of world population depend on it for solutions to their health challenges. Currently, there has been enormous increase in the use of herbal medicines attributable to their readily availability, affordability, efficacy and good safety profile. This study evaluated the blood boosting potentials of combined administration of Vigna unguiculata and Citrus limon in rat models. Wister rats (135 – 140 g) were used and Vigna unguiculata and Citrus limon were extracted in ethanol. Apart from some preliminary tests, hematology studies were done using standard methods. The parameters tested included red blood cells (RBCs), hemoglobin (Hb), Packed cell volume (PCV), mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH), and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) using hematological analyzer (DxH 560 AL). In the RBC test, combination of Vigna unguculata and Citrus limon recorded a count of 8.07 ± 0.20 x 10-6 on day 15 of treatment. This was highest when compared with the individual administrations which attained 4.04 ± 0.18 and 3.57 ± 0.07 x 10-6 respectively. The combination treatment approached that of the normal control which had RBC count of 8.29 ± 0.13 x10-6. This trend was applicable to other tested parameters. In conclusion, V. unguiculata and C. limon had blood boosting potentials which was more remarkable in the group treated with combination of the two herbs and this was attributed to their phytochemicals such as iron, protein and citric acid as well as their synergistic herb-herb interaction.

Changes in liver and kidney function, red blood cell count and hemoglobin levels 1 day after ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for uterine fibroids.

To investigate the changes in liver and kidney function, red blood cell (RBC) count and hemoglobin (HGB) levels in patients undergoing ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation (UPMWA) for uterine fibroids on postoperative day 1. The changes in liver and kidney function, RBC count and HGB levels in 181 patients who underwent selective UPMWA in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, China, between August 2017 and January 2023 were retrospectively analyzed. All patients underwent UPMWA for uterine fibroids; 179 patients had multiple uterine fibroids and 2 patients had single uterine fibroids. The maximum fibroid diameter ranged from 18 to 140 mm, with an average of 68.3 mm. Ultrasound imaging was used to confirm that the blood flow signal within the mass had disappeared in all patients, indicating that the ablation was effective. Within 24 h, compared with before UPMWA, levels of total bilirubin, direct bilirubin, indirect bilirubin and aspartate aminotransferase had significantly increased (p < 0.01), whereas levels of total protein, albumin, globulin, alanine aminotransferase, creatinine and urea had significantly decreased (p < 0.01). Acute kidney injury (AKI) occurred in 1 of the 181 patients. The RBC count and HGB levels decreased significantly after UPMWA (p < 0.01). Ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation for uterine fibroids can impose a higher detoxification load on the liver and cause thermal damage to and the destruction of RBCs within local circulation, potentially leading to AKI. Protein levels significantly decreased after UPMWA. Therefore, perioperative organ function protection measures and treatment should be actively integrated into clinical practice to improve prognosis and enhance recovery.

Comparison of hematologic variables among Warmbloods, Thoroughbreds, and Western stock horse breeds.

Hematology is a diagnostic tool used to evaluate the health status of horses. However, breed differences are often not considered. The objective was to compare complete blood count variables among Warmbloods, Thoroughbreds, and stock horses (SH). Ninety-six healthy horses were grouped by breed (Warmbloods, Thoroughbreds, and SH). Samples were collected through venipuncture for complete blood count analysis. One-way ANOVA with Tukey's tests or Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's post hoc tests were used to compare hematologic variables among groups. Warmbloods had a significantly lower total white blood cell (WBC) count (6.08 ± 1.11 × 109/L) and lymphocyte count (1.76 ± 0.41 × 109/L) than Thoroughbreds (7.28 ± 1.45; 2.28 ± 5.16 × 109/L, respectively; P < .001) and SH (7.21 ± 1.18 × 109/L, P < .01; 2.10 ± 5.17 × 109/L; P < .05). Warmbloods had a significantly lower red blood cell count (7.7 ± 0.8 × 1012/L) and higher mean corpuscular volume (MCV, 49.4 ± 2.2 fL) than Thoroughbreds (8.42 ± 1.2 × 1012/L, P < .01; 47.3 ± 3.0 fL). Warmbloods had lower MCVs than SH (49.4 ± 2.2 vs 51.2 ± 2.6 fL). The mean cell hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was higher in Warmbloods (35.0, 33.8-36.2 g/dL) and Thoroughbreds (34.9, 33.4-35.7 g/dL) than in SH breeds (34.0, 33.4-35.4 g/dL; P < .001, both). Total protein concentrations were significantly lower in Thoroughbreds (67, 59-80 g/L) compared with SH (71, 64-83 g/dL) (P < .05). Warmbloods had decreased WBC and lymphocyte counts compared with Thoroughbreds and SH, and Thoroughbreds had increased red blood cell counts. Thoroughbreds had lower total protein concentrations than SH. Clinicians should consider breed differences when interpreting hematologic values.

The impact of COVID-19 on the prognosis of deep vein thrombosis following anticoagulation treatment: a two-year single-center retrospective cohort study

BackgroundCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has been proved as a significant risk factor for deep vein thrombosis (DVT) after several waves of pandemic. This study aims to further investigate impact of COVID-19 on prognosis of DVT following anticoagulation treatment.MethodsA total of 197 patients with initially detected DVT and meanwhile accomplishing at least 3 months anticoagulation treatment were identified from our hospital between January 2021 and December 2022. DVT characteristics, clinical data, and exposure to COVID-19 were recorded for multivariable logistic regression analysis to identify DVT aggravation related risk factors. Propensity score matching (PSM) was used to balance baseline covariates. Kaplan–Meier curves and Log-Rank test were performed to exhibit distribution of DVT aggravation among different subgroups.ResultsIn 2022, patients exhibited higher incidence rates of DVT aggravation compared to those in 2021 (HR:2.311, P = 0.0018). The exposure to COVID-19, increased red blood cell count, increased D-dimer level and reduced prothrombin time were found to be associated with DVT aggravation (P < 0.0001, P = 0.014, P < 0.001, P = 0.024), with only exposure to COVID-19 showing a significant difference between two years (2022:59/102, 57.84%, 2021:7/88, 7.37%, P < 0.001). In PSM-matched cohorts, the risk for DVT aggravation was 3.182 times higher in COVID-19 group compared to the control group (P < 0.0001). Exposure to COVID-19 increased the risk of DVT aggravation among patients who completed three months anticoagulant therapy (HR: 5.667, P < 0.0001), but did not increase incidence rate among patients who completed more than three months anticoagulant therapy (HR:1.198, P = 0.683). For patients with distal DVT, COVID-19 was associated with a significant increased risk of DVT recurrence (HR:4.203, P < 0.0001). Regarding principal diagnoses, incidence rate of DVT aggravation was significantly higher in COVID-19 group compared to the control group (Advanced lung cancer: P = 0.011, surgical history: P = 0.0365, benign lung diseases: P = 0.0418).ConclusionsOur study reveals an increased risk of DVT aggravation following COVID-19 during anticoagulation treatment, particularly among patients with distal DVT or those who have completed only three months anticoagulant therapy. Adverse effects of COVID-19 on DVT prognosis were observed across various benign and malignant respiratory diseases. Additionally, extended-term anticoagulant therapy was identified as an effective approach to enhance DVT control among patients with COVID-19.

Unveiling the genetic landscape of suspected congenital dyserythropoietic anemia type I: A retrospective cohort study of 36 patients.

Congenital Dyserythropoietic Anemia type I (CDA I) is a rare hereditary condition characterized by macrocytic/normocytic anemia, splenomegaly, iron overload, and distinct abnormalities during late erythropoiesis, particularly internuclear bridges between erythroblasts. Diagnosis of CDA I remains challenging due to its rarity, clinical heterogeneity, and overlapping phenotype with other rare hereditary anemias. In this case series, we present 36 patients with suspected CDA I. A molecular diagnosis was successfully established in 89% of cases, identifying 16 patients with CDA I through the presence of 18 causative variants in the CDAN1 or CDIN1 genes. Transcriptomic analysis of CDIN1 variants revealed impaired erythroid differentiation and disruptions in transcription, cell proliferation, and histone regulation. Conversely, 16 individuals received a different diagnosis, primarily pyruvate kinase deficiency. Comparisons between CDA I and non-CDA I patients revealed no significant differences in erythroblast morphological features. However, hemoglobin levels and red blood cell count differed between the two groups, with non-CDA I subjects being more severely affected. Notably, most patients with severe anemia belonged to the non-CDA I group (82% non-CDA I vs. 18% CDA I), with a subsequent absolute prevalence of transfusion dependency among non-CDA I patients (100% vs. 41.7%). All patients exhibited reduced bone marrow responsiveness to anemia, with a more pronounced effect observed in non-CDA I patients. Erythropoietin levels were significantly higher in non-CDA I patients compared to CDA I patients. However, evaluations of erythroferrone, soluble transferrin receptor, and hepcidin revealed no significant differences in plasma concentration between the two groups.

[Effect of salvia miltiorrhiza combined with roxadustat on wound healing of full-thickness skin defects in diabetic rats and its mechanism].

Objective: To explore the effect of salvia miltiorrhiza combined with roxadustat on wound healing of full-thickness skin defects in diabetic rats and its mechanism. Methods: This study was an experimental study. Twenty male 8-week-old Sprague-Dawley rats were used to successfully establish diabetic model, then full-thickness skin defect wounds on their backs were made. The rats were divided into normal saline group, roxadustat alone group, salvia miltiorrhiza alone group, and roxadustat+salvia miltiorrhiza group according to the random number table, with 5 rats in each group. Immediately after injury, the rats in normal saline group were given 5 mL normal saline by gavage, the rats in roxadustat alone group were given 1.5 mg/mL roxadustat suspension by gavage at 25 mg/kg, the rats in salvia miltiorrhiza alone group were given 18 mg/mL salvia miltiorrhiza suspension by gavage at 300 mg/kg, and the rats in roxadustat+salvia miltiorrhiza group were given 19.5 mg/mL roxadustat and salvia miltiorrhiza suspension at roxadustat 25 mg/kg and salvia miltiorrhiza 300 mg/kg. All were administered once a day for 2 weeks. The wounds at 0 (immediately), 4, 8, and 12 d after injury were observed, and the wound healing rates at 4, 8, and 12 d after injury were calculated (n=5). At 14 d after injury, abdominal aortic blood was collected, and hemoglobin, red cell count, and white blood cell count were detected (n=5). The wound tissue was collected for hematoxylin-eosin staining to observe inflammatory infiltration, skin tissue structure, and neovascularization, for Masson staining to observe the proportion of collagen fiber (n=3), for Western blotting to detect the protein expression levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), CD31, interleukin 6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), and IL-1β (n=3), and for immunohistochemical staining to determine the protein expression levels of epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α), and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), with sample number of 3. Results: From 0 to 12 d after injury, the wound areas of rats in 4 groups were gradually decreased. At 4 d after injury, the wound healing rates of rats in salvia miltiorrhiza alone group and roxadustat+salvia miltiorrhiza group were significantly higher than those in normal saline group and roxadustat alone group (P<0.05). At 8 d after injury, the wound healing rates of rats in roxadustat alone group and salvia miltiorrhiza alone group were significantly higher than the rate in normal saline group (P<0.05), and the wound healing rate of rats in roxadustat+salvia miltiorrhiza group was significantly higher than the rates in the other 3 groups (with P values all <0.05). At 12 d after injury, the wound healing rates of rats in roxadustat alone group, salvia miltiorrhiza alone group, and roxadustat+salvia miltiorrhiza group were significantly higher than the rate in normal saline group (P<0.05). At 14 d after injury, there were no statistically significant differences in the hemoglobin or red blood cell count of rats in 4 groups (P<0.05). The white blood cell count of rats in roxadustat alone group, salvia miltiorrhiza alone group, and roxadustat+salvia miltiorrhiza group were respectively (24.3±1.2)×109/L, (26.3±2.4)×109/L, and (15.0±0.7)×109/L, which were significantly lower than (33.8±2.7)×109/L in normal saline group (P<0.05); the white blood cell count of rats in roxadustat+salvia miltiorrhiza group was significantly lower than that in roxadustat alone group and salvia miltiorrhiza alone group (with P values both <0.05). At 14 d after injury, a large number of inflammatory cell infiltration, disordered skin tissue structure, and few new blood vessels were observed in the wounds of rats in normal saline group; while a small amount of inflammatory cell infiltration, tight skin tissue structure, and rich neovascularization were observed in the wounds of rats in the other 3 groups. There were no statistically significant differences in the proportion of collagen fiber of wounds in rats among the 4 groups (P>0.05). At 14 d after injury, the protein expression levels of VEGF and CD31 in the wound tissue of rats in roxadustat alone group, salvia miltiorrhiza alone group, and roxadustat+salvia miltiorrhiza group were significantly higher than those in normal saline group (P<0.05), the protein expression level of CD31 in the wound tissue of rats in roxadustat+salvia miltiorrhiza group was significantly higher than the levels in roxadustat alone group and salvia miltiorrhiza alone group (with P values both <0.05). At 14 d after injury, the protein expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in the wound tissue of rats in roxadustat alone group, salvia miltiorrhiza alone group, and roxadustat+salvia miltiorrhiza group were significantly lower than those in normal saline group (P<0.05); the protein expression levels of IL-6 and IL-1β in the wound tissue of rats in roxadustat+salvia miltiorrhiza group were significantly lower than those in roxadustat alone group and salvia miltiorrhiza alone group (P<0.05); the protein expression level of TNF-α in the wound tissue of rats in roxadustat+salvia miltiorrhiza group was significantly lower than that in salvia miltiorrhiza alone group (P<0.05). At 14 d after injury, the protein expression level of EGFR in the wound tissue of rats in roxadustat+salvia miltiorrhiza group was significantly higher than the levels in the other 3 groups (with P values all <0.05); the protein expression levels of HIF-1α in the wound tissue of rats in roxadustat alone group and roxadustat+salvia miltiorrhiza group were significantly higher than the level in normal saline group (P<0.05), and the protein expression level of HIF-1α in the wound tissue of rats in roxadustat+salvia miltiorrhiza group was significantly higher than that in salvia miltiorrhiza alone group (P<0.05); there were no statistically significant differences in the protein expression level of PCNA in the wound tissue of rats in 4 groups (P>0.05). Conclusions: Roxadustat combined with salvia miltiorrhiza can promote the wound healing of full-thickness skin defects in diabetic rats by promoting blood vessel regeneration and reducing inflammatory response.

Glycyrrhiza Extract and Curcumin Alleviates the Toxicity of Cadmium via Improving the Antioxidant and Immune Functions of Black Goats.

To investigate the mitigative effects of glycyrrhiza extract (GE) and curcumin (CUR) on the antioxidant and immune functions of the Guizhou black goat exposed to cadmium (Cd), 50 healthy Guizhou black goats (11.08 ± 0.22 kg, male, six months old) were used in a 60-day trial and were randomly assigned to five groups with 10 replicates per group, one goat per replicate. All goats were fed a basal diet, with drinking water and additives varying slightly between groups. Control group: tap water (0.56 μg·L-1 Cd); Cd group: drinking water containing Cd (20 mg Cd·kg-1·body weight, CdCl2·2.5H2O); GE group: drinking water containing Cd, at days 31 to 60, the basic diet had added 500 mg·kg-1 GE; CUR group: drinking water containing Cd, at days 31 to 60, the basic diet had added 500 mg·kg-1 CUR; combined group: drinking water containing Cd, at days 31 to 60, the basic diet had added 500 mg·kg-1 GE and CUR. Compared with the Cd group, GE and CUR significantly increased the levels of hemoglobin and red blood cell count in the blood, and the activities of serum antioxidant enzyme activity and immune function in the Guizhou black goat (p < 0.05). The treatment effect in the combined group was better than that in the GE and CUR groups. The results showed that GE and CUR improved the antioxidant and immune functions of the serum and livers of the Guizhou black goat and alleviated the toxicity damage of Cd contamination. This research has positive implications for both livestock management and human health.