Recent Trends Research Articles

Recent Trends in Internal Exposure Dose Calculation Methods in Nuclear Medicine Therapy

Recent Trends in Internal Exposure Dose Calculation Methods in Nuclear Medicine Therapy

Intersectionality in Policy Making: Interplay of Gender, Race, and Class in Contemporary Governance

Intersectionality has emerged as a vital framework in contemporary policy making, offering a lens through which the overlapping and interdependent systems of discrimination and privilege can be analyzed. This paper critically examines how the dimensions of gender, race, and class intersect in the formulation, implementation, and outcomes of public policies. Drawing upon recent case studies and legislative trends from diverse geopolitical contexts, the study explores how intersectional analysis challenges traditional one-dimensional approaches to governance. It also evaluates the effectiveness of intersectionality-informed policies in addressing structural inequalities and enhancing social justice. The research highlights both the theoretical advancements and practical constraints of embedding intersectionality in policymaking processes. Special emphasis is given to the role of data disaggregation, participatory governance, and institutional accountability in driving inclusive policy outcomes. The findings suggest that while intersectionality offers a transformative potential, its operationalization requires more than rhetorical commitment—it demands structural shifts in how problems are defined, stakeholders are engaged, and success is measured.

Emerging trends in distance running training: Bridging science and empirical insights — A narrative review

In recent years, distance running performances have undergone a radical improvement, attributed to multiple factors in the scientific literature. Alongside advancements in footwear, track, and nutritional supplement technologies, training methodologies have increasingly adopted scientific approaches and become widely accessible through online platforms. This narrative review aimed to explore recent trends in training innovations through a comprehensive review of the literature and a narrative analysis of training information shared by elite runners. The findings highlight two key advancements in distance running training: the emphasis on sub-threshold interval training (between LT1 and LT2) and the development of maximal sprinting speed (MSS), and therefore Anaerobic Speed Reserve (ASR). Sub-threshold intervals, monitored via lactate and heart rate, enable runners to perform substantial volumes of high-end aerobic work while avoiding overtraining by staying below the second lactate threshold. Additionally, incorporating brief, near-maximal sprints (>10 s) with full recovery improves Anaerobic Speed Reserve, enhancing runners’ ability to sustain race pace with reduced effort. Recovery strategies, including alternating light and heavy training days, clustering sessions into double workouts, and employing periodization techniques such as increased polarization during the season, further optimize performance. The rapid and widespread accessibility of this knowledge through digital platforms may also contribute significantly to the contemporary advancements in distance running performances.

Review Study On Hematology Assessment For Iron Deficiency

Most of the patient suffer with iron deficiency disease and they required proper diagnosis and medication. From these requirement we get idea to study on iron deficiency disease & assessment. To consider this objective our review study work titled as “Review Study on Hematology Assessment for Iron Deficiency”. These review study was performed during study in M.Pharma. at Institute of Pharmaceutical Science & Research, Balaghat (M.P.). These study cover the recent trend, future aspect, mechanism Hb formation in blood, material selection criteria, assessment technique, animal selection criteria for study. After review of several literatures it was concluded that, It is the most common nutritional deficiency globally and can lead to iron deficiency anemia if left untreated. Iron is essential for numerous biological functions, proper diagnosis and medication is required to fight against iron deficiency diseases.

Teaching reading comprehension in the digital age: a case study of secondary English teachers in Ogun State, Nigeria

ABSTRACT Digitalisation has significantly reshaped education, including reading instruction. The integration of Educational Technology (EdTech) promises to boost engagement, personalise learning, and deepen comprehension. However, the digital divide, characterised by unequal access and digital literacy, obstructs equitable education and limits EdTech’s potential. This systematic review explores EdTech integration in reading comprehension instruction among secondary English Language teachers in Ogun State, Nigeria. To ensure currency and relevance to rapidly evolving digital practices, the review focused on 16 studies published between 2017 and 2025, sourced from Scopus, Google Scholar, and ResearchGate. The period 2017–2025 was chosen to capture recent advancements and trends in EdTech, reflecting the dynamic nature of digital resources and their pedagogical applications. Findings indicate that EdTech has proven to boost reading comprehension through collaborative platforms, allowing students to share insights and practice exercises, leading to deeper understanding. However, its implementation is hampered by significant challenges. Teachers struggle with technological comfort, time constraints, and heavy workloads. Furthermore, a lack of technical support, maintenance, and clear policies creates barriers. Ignoring these issues risks increasing resistance to EdTech, hindering its potential to positively impact reading instruction.

Current Applications and Limitations of Augmented Reality in Urological Surgery: A Practical Primer and 'State of the Field'.

To provide a primer for how augmented reality (AR)-guided surgical technology works at a fundamental level and discuss recent advances and limitations in a rapidly advancing field, including studies aiming to reduce current issues limiting wider adoption. Among the studies published within the last five years, AR-guided technologies have advanced from pre-operative planning to intraoperative use in procedures including robot-assisted radical prostatectomy, percutaneous nephrolithotomy, and renal transplantation. Artificial intelligence (AI) and deep learning techniques have allowed for development of automatic registration to address challenges with soft tissue deformation. Subspecialities which may benefit from further AR/MR adoption include reconstructive and andrology, which were underrepresented in our review. Augmented reality refers to the process of superimposing digital information (e.g., preoperative imaging) on top of the physical world. Along with its interactive counterpart, mixed reality (MR), AR has become an area of sustained research interest in the urological surgery space. This technology has significant implications for surgical accuracy, efficiency, and medical education. As a result, it is critical for clinicians to both be aware of advancements in the field and understand the basics of this technology. We discuss articles published from March 2021 to February 2025, across a range of urologic procedures and applications, and discuss how recent trends point to a shift towards higher-powered, prospective studies incorporating intraoperative usage of AR/MR.

Torticollis research in focus: Emerging trends, thematic shifts, and global collaboration patterns.

Torticollis is a neuromuscular condition characterized by abnormal head posture due to cervical muscle contracture, encompassing both congenital and acquired forms. Although frequently encountered in clinical settings, no prior bibliometric study has comprehensively examined the structure and evolution of torticollis research. This study aimed to map the global literature, identify research hotspots, and highlight influential contributors, institutions, and sources. A bibliometric analysis was performed using the Web of Science Core Collection, covering publications from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2024. The topic keyword "torticollis" was used to retrieve relevant articles and reviews published in English. VOSviewer, Bibliometrix, and CiteSpace were employed for analyzing co-authorship, keyword co-occurrence, co-citation networks, and citation bursts. Thematic clusters were identified using log-likelihood ratio algorithms, and citation quality was assessed using Silhouette scores. Out of 2825 initial records, 2324 met the inclusion criteria, comprising 1922 articles and 297 reviews. Publication output steadily increased, peaking between 2018 and 2021, with a slight decrease in subsequent years. The United States led in total publications and international collaboration, followed by Germany, China, and the UK. "Movement Disorders" was the most productive and cited journal. Analysis revealed 2 dominant themes: (1) neurologic research on cervical dystonia and botulinum toxin, and (2) pediatric studies on congenital muscular torticollis emphasizing physiotherapy and ultrasound. Emerging keywords such as "clinical practice guideline" and "physical therapy" suggest growing interest in standardizing noninvasive care. Influential authors included J. Jankovic, H.A. Jinnah, and leading institutions such as Emory University and Baylor College of Medicine. Torticollis research is expanding across interdisciplinary lines, driven by both neurologic and pediatric-orthopedic interests. While earlier work centered on neurotherapeutics, recent trends emphasize early diagnosis and conservative management. Greater emphasis on collaboration and evidence-based guidelines will be key to addressing the multifaceted nature of torticollis moving forward.

Analysing historical events and current management strategies of wildfires in Norway

The behaviour of wildfires and their occurrence are changing worldwide. This change is especially notable in areas where these events were not common and are now gaining strength, such as in Northern Europe. Norway has suffered unexpected periods of dryness and high temperatures, causing a considerable change in the probability of wildfire occurrence. A clear example of this trend was 2018 when unusual weather conditions caused numerous fires to spread nationwide. This changing trend highlights the need to understand and analyse the current situation to mitigate future impacts and losses. This paper examines recent wildfires in Norway by analysing the events that have happened from 2016 to 2023, the period when data is available. While acknowledging that this period may not be extensive enough to predict future patterns, this analysis provides valuable insights into recent trends and occurrences. During this timeframe, Norway experienced an annual average of 1217 wildfires, burning 2019 hectares per year. Wildfires peak in April and May. Southern Norway, particularly the Southeast, experiences more wildfires due to drier conditions and denser populations, while Northern regions have fewer fires. This study also evaluated climatic conditions, highlighting a strong correlation between the Palmer Drought Severity Index (PDSI) anomalies and the severe drying conditions in 2018, along with other climatic factors such as land surface temperature, precipitation, and wind. Additionally, the normative and operational situation is detailed to show the framework around these events. It provides reflections and recommendations to avoid future disasters, emphasizing the need for improved fire safety measures and proactive fire management.

A collection of field-based indicators for assessing ecosystem services in crop fields

The transition from intensive crop production to more sustainable practices, such as ecologically intensive cropping systems, requires precise, field-based assessments of Ecosystem Services (ES). These assessments depend on selecting appropriate indicators that can measure the supply of ES directly within crop fields. Despite the growing recognition of the ES role in sustainable agriculture, comprehensive lists of field-applicable indicators remain scarce. To address this gap, we present and discuss a collection of 128 indicators for assessing provisioning and regulating ES in cropping systems, specifically designed for in situ, empirical measurements. The collection aims to support researchers and practitioners in selecting context-specific indicators that enhance site-specific knowledge for developing sustainable cropping systems. It was derived from an exhaustive previously published list, which included 507 indicators applicable across various ecosystem types and linked to various data collection methods. We filtered that exhaustive list using three criteria: applicability to crop fields, level in the ES cascade model (including ecosystem property, ecosystem function and human benefit, but excluding value and adding and including a new level of dis-service) and method of data collection (including field observation and remote sensing, but excluding all indirect methods). In the resulting dataset, including 128 indicators, we analysed the distribution of indicators across the different ES, cascade levels and methods of data collection to identify potential gaps in indicator availability that could hinder comprehensive assessments of the ES provided in crop fields. This analysis highlighted significant disparities in indicator distribution, notably concerning the levels of ES cascade quantifiables, as a vast majority of indicators for regulating ES quantify ecological properties or functions, while most indicators for provisioning ES quantify human benefits. We also identified a lack of indicators for air quality regulation, life cycle maintenance and water provision and, in contrast, a multiplicity of indicators employed for soil quality regulation and pollination. We discuss the reasons and consequences of these disparities and we underscore the importance of staying alert to emerging indicators driven by recent research trends and technological advancements, such as remote sensing.

TRANSFORMATIONS IN THE AUTOMOBILE SECTOR AND THEIR RIPPLE EFFECTS ON FINANCIAL MARKETS

The automobile sector is experiencing a dynamic shift, driven by technological innovations, sustainability imperatives, and changing global consumer behaviors. Key developments such as the widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), advancements in autonomous driving, integration of digital technologies, and the transition towards shared mobility are fundamentally altering the industry's structure. These transformations are not isolated; they extend their influence deeply into the financial markets, creating new opportunities and risks for investors, banks, insurers, and policymakers. This paper explores the multifaceted impact of recent automobile sector trends on the financial ecosystem. It examines how evolving capital requirements, R&D investments, and ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) compliance influence financial decisions. The study also analyzes the shifting patterns in auto financing, the emergence of green bonds and sustainable investment funds, and the implications of global supply chain disruptions on equity markets and credit ratings. Through data-driven insights and case studies, the research highlights the interdependency between automotive innovation and financial resilience. By establishing the linkages between industrial disruption and financial adaptation, this paper contributes to a deeper understanding of sectoral interconnectivity in the modern economy. It further provides strategic insights for financial institutions to manage risk and capitalize on opportunities in a rapidly changing automotive landscape.

The Role of Business Models in Smart-City Waste Management: A Framework for Sustainable Decision-Making

This study addresses the multifaceted challenges inherent in implementing effective smart-city waste-management systems. Recent global trends indicate increased adoption of Industry 4.0 technologies—such as the Internet of Things (IoT), artificial intelligence (AI), and data analytics—to optimize waste collection and processing. The central research question investigates the role of innovative business models and sustainable decision-making frameworks in advancing smart waste management within urban environments. This research integrates three interrelated domains: business-model innovation, smart-city paradigms, and sustainability in waste management. Its novelty lies in synthesizing these domains, conducting a comparative analysis of best practices from leading European smart cities, and proposing a conceptual framework to guide sustainable decision-making. Methodologically, the study employs a systematic literature review, case-study analyses, and the synthesis of theoretical and empirical data. Key findings demonstrate that innovative business models—such as product-as-a-service, circular-economy approaches, and waste-as-a-service—substantially enhance the sustainability and operational efficiency of urban waste systems. However, many cities lack comprehensive strategies for integrating these models, highlighting the necessity for deliberate planning and active stakeholder engagement. Based on these insights, the study offers actionable recommendations for policymakers and urban managers to embed sustainable business models into smart-city waste infrastructures. These contributions aim to promote the development of resilient, efficient, and environmentally responsible waste-management systems in smart cities.

Extreme weather risks for tourism in the European Union

Abstract With mounting evidence of extreme weather events, it is increasingly important to understand the risks that thunderstorms, extreme precipitation, and wildfires pose to tourism. This study investigates the past occurrence of these phenomena in Europe, analyses recent trends, and evaluates them in relation to the dependency on tourism. The Tourism Exposure Index is developed to assess these risks, comprising two sub-indices: the Hazard Index and the Tourism Dependency Index. Results reveal a spatial concentration of regions with high/very-high tourism exposure, particularly in southern Europe and around the Mediterranean Sea. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the spatial distribution of weather extremes with highly disruptive potential. It is concluded that at-risk regions should develop weather hazard adaptation plans for tourism.

Cough medicine prescriptions for children by physician specialty and healthcare sector: a Finnish population-based nationwide register study

Despite clear clinical guidelines advising against the use of cough and cold medicines (CCMs) in children, these products continue to be prescribed. We aimed at describing recent trends and identifying deviations from guidelines to inform future targeted interventions. We retrospectively retrieved data on all CCM prescriptions for children under 16 years of age in Finland between 2017 and 2023 from the centralised nationwide prescription registry. Descriptive statistical methods were used to analyse the data, stratified by child’s age, CCM type, physician’s employment sector, and medical specialty. The dataset included 96,499 prescriptions for 75,281 children. Overall, CCM prescribing decreased significantly from 2017 to 2023, particularly between 2017 and 2020, with the steepest decline in the 2–4.99-year age group. Prescribing levels did not return to pre-pandemic levels in any age group. Opium alkaloids and their derivatives were the most commonly prescribed CCMs for children under the age of 12. CCM prescribing rates were nearly identical across public and private sectors. Approximately 40% of prescriptions were issued by non-specialists and 18% by medical students—who constituted the largest group of public sector prescribers. In the private sector, the most frequent prescribers were paediatricians, non-specialists, general medicine specialists, and otolaryngologists. Conclusions: CCMs and especially opium alkaloids and their derivatives are still being prescribed even to small children. These findings should prompt nationwide multifaceted clinical guidance campaigns and interventions targeting medical students and non-specialist physicians, as well as private sector providers, including paediatricians and other specialists.What is known:• Despite guidelines advising against cough and cold medicines (CCMs) in children, prescribing persists.What is new:• CCM prescriptions for children declined markedly in Finland between 2017–2023, however opium alkaloids remained the most common among children under 12, despite CNS safety concerns. Non-specialists, general practitioners, and medical students prescribed CCMs most frequently. Specialist physicians were more likely to prescribe CCMs in the private sector, while the public sector had a broader mix of prescribers.

Sociological study of religiosity in post-atheist Kazakhstan

This paper explores a marked shift in the role and functions of religion in Kazakhstan, indicative of change in ideology and societal foundations. In explaining this shift, we highlight various elements that affect the religious landscape in Kazakhstan, with the most pronounced and recent trend being the Islamization of society. The subject of this study is the exploration a person's daily religious rituals, participation in religious activities, reading religious publications, and discussing religion with other people. Our analysis revealed that though many people identify themselves as religious, few participate in religious life daily. That is why we argue that Islam in Kazakhstan remains as a cultural and traditional value for many Muslims, rather than a vital component of their everyday life.

Uniqueness and applications of nanostructured zinc oxide as oilfield chemicals; recent trends

Uniqueness and applications of nanostructured zinc oxide as oilfield chemicals; recent trends

Strategic deployment of solar photovoltaics for achieving self-sufficiency in Europe throughout the energy transition

Transition pathways for Europe to achieve carbon neutrality emphasize the need for a massive deployment of solar and wind energy. Global cost optimization would lead to installing most of the renewable capacity in a few resource-rich countries, but policy decisions could prioritize other factors. We investigate the effect of energy independence on Europe’s energy system design. We show that self-sufficiency constraints lead to a more equitable distribution of costs and installed capacities across Europe. However, countries that typically depend on energy imports face cost increases of up to 150% to ensure that they cover their demand on an annual basis. Self-sufficiency particularly favors solar photovoltaic energy, and with declining PV module prices, alternative configurations like inverter dimensioning and horizontal tracking are beneficial enough to be part of the optimal solution for many countries. Moreover, we find that very high solar and wind annual installation rates are required, but they seem feasible considering recent historical trends.

Epidemiology and Cardiovascular Benefits of Physical Activity and Exercise.

While humans evolved to perform routine endurance activity, recent secular trends in the United States and globally have resulted in a dramatic rise in the amount of time spent inactive in both occupational and leisure-time settings. The high burden of physical inactivity is responsible for a high risk of preventable noncommunicable disease including cardiovascular disease, cancer, and premature death. In this review, we focus on the beneficial effects of routine physical activity (PA) on the cardiovascular system, the different ways we can achieve and measure PA, and the evidence supporting key public health guidance on optimal PA goals for promoting health. While data indicate modest improvements in leisure-time PA in the United States over the past decade, these developments are not equitably distributed across the population with racial and ethnic minorities, women, and older adults continuing to display lower PA rates. The data reviewed here demonstrate the importance of promoting PA for cardiovascular health and highlight the need to address the enormous burden of physical inactivity, especially in those affected by intersecting disparities influencing both general health and leisure-time PA.

Freelancing and the Gig Economy in India: A Review of Emerging Trends, Challenges, and Policy Perspectives

Over the past two decades, the global labor market has witnessed a structural transformation, driven by digitalization, globalization, and socio-economic shifts. In this context, the gig economy and freelancing culture have emerged as significant employment avenues, particularly in India. Characterized by flexible, task-based, and platform-mediated work arrangements, gig work has rapidly expanded beyond conventional services into skilled, digital, and knowledge-based sectors. This paper presents a comprehensive literature review analyzing recent trends, socio-economic implications, and regulatory responses associated with India’s growing gig and freelancing economy. Drawing on academic research, government reports, and industry publications from the last decade, the study examines conceptual frameworks, profiles of Indian gig workers, platform influences, and evolution of labor regulations. Findings suggest that while the gig economy offers employment flexibility and income opportunities, it also exposes workers to precarious conditions, income instability, and inadequate social security. The COVID-19 pandemic further accelerated this shift, amplifying both opportunities and systemic vulnerabilities. Although policy initiatives, such as, the Code on Social Security (2020) acknowledge these issues, significant gaps remain in welfare provision and regulatory clarity. The paper concludes with recommendations for inclusive policy reforms, multi-stakeholder governance, and future research directions focusing on gendered experiences, digital labor relations, and long-term worker welfare in India’s gig economy.

Recent Trends in Bioinspired Metal Nanoparticles for Targeting Drug-Resistant Biofilms

Multidrug-resistant (MDR) biofilm infections characterized by densely packed microbial communities encased in protective extracellular matrices pose a formidable challenge to conventional antimicrobial therapies and are a major contributor to chronic, recurrent and device-associated infections. These biofilms significantly reduce antibiotic penetration, facilitate the survival of dormant persister cells and promote horizontal gene transfer, all of which contribute to the emergence and persistence of MDR pathogens. Metal nanoparticles (MNPs) have emerged as promising alternatives due to their potent antibiofilm properties. However, conventional synthesis methods are associated with high costs, complexity, inefficiency and negative environmental impacts. To overcome these limitations there has been a global push toward the development of sustainable and eco-friendly synthesis approaches. Recent advancements have demonstrated the successful use of various plant extracts, microbial cultures, and biomolecules for the green synthesis of MNPs, which offers biocompatibility, scalability, and environmental safety. This review provides a comprehensive overview of recent trends and the latest progress in the green synthesis of MNPs including silver (Ag), gold (Au), platinum (Pt), and selenium (Se), and also explores the mechanistic pathways and characterization techniques. Furthermore, it highlights the antibiofilm applications of these MNPs emphasizing their roles in disrupting biofilms and restoring the efficacy of existing antimicrobial strategies.

Biotechnological Routes to Detoxification of Mining Pollutants: A Comprehensive Review of Recent Trends and Mechanisms in Heavy Metal Bioremediation

Water pollution caused by mining activity presents significant environmental and public health challenges. Open-pit mining, acid mine drainage (AMD), and heavy metals such as arsenic, mercury, lead, and cadmium threaten local ecosystems and populations. Open-pit mining, acid mine drainage (AMD), and heavy metals such as arsenic, mercury, lead, and cadmium threaten local ecosystems and tribal populations. Hydrogeochemical analysis reveals pH levels of 7.1 to 7.9 and total dissolved solids (TDS) up to 437 mg/L, TDS, turbidity, and SO42− exceeded the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) drinking acceptable limits and suggested that water is unsuitable for direct consumption with pollution sources including mining discharge (22.4%) and ash dumping (41.3%). Biotechnological solutions show promise for mitigating mining pollution. Desulfovibrio desulfuricans and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans detoxify AMD by neutralizing acidity and removing metals like cadmium and lead. Bacillus cereus combined with biochar efficiently removes arsenic, cadmium, and chromium without harming aquatic life or crops. Systematic water sampling analyzed pH, turbidity, and heavy metals using advanced spectroscopy techniques. Insights from mines highlight microbial diversity in methane wells, dominated by Methanobacteria for hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis, and Roseomonas and Methylobacterium in marginal wells aiding methane utilization. This study aims to identify specific pollutants affecting water quality near mining areas and explore sustainable microbial treatments for detoxification. Evaluating health risks from long-term exposure to toxic metals will address knowledge gaps and guide actionable recommendations for improving water quality, safeguarding public health, and promoting sustainable mining practices in the region.