Quality Of Fit Research Articles

Sleep Quality Moderates the Associations between Cardiorespiratory Fitness and Hippocampal and Entorhinal Volume in Middle-Aged and Older Adults.

As individuals age, the entorhinal cortex (ERC) and hippocampus-crucial structures for memory-tend to atrophy, with related cognitive decline. Simultaneously, lifestyle factors that can be modified, such as exercise and sleep, have been separately linked to slowing of brain atrophy and functional decline. Yet, the synergistic impact of fitness and sleep on susceptible brain structures in aging adults remains uncertain. We examined both independent and interactive associations of fitness and subjective sleep quality with regard to ERC thickness and hippocampal volume in 598 middle-aged and older adults from the Human Connectome Lifespan Aging Project. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using the 2-minute walk test (2MWT), while subjective sleep quality was measured with the continuous Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) global score. High-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging was used to examine mean ERC thickness and bilateral hippocampal volume. Through multiple linear regression analyses, we investigated the moderating effects of subjective sleep quality on the association between fitness and brain structure, accounting for age, sex, education, body mass index, gait speed, and subjective physical activity. We found that greater cardiorespiratory fitness, but not subjective sleep quality, was positively associated with bilateral hippocampal volume and ERC thickness. Notably, significant interaction effects suggest poor subjective sleep quality was associated with a weaker association between fitness and both hippocampal volume and ERC thickness. Findings suggest the potential importance of both cardiorespiratory fitness and subjective sleep quality in preserving critical, age-vulnerable brain structures. Interventions targeting brain health should consider potential combined effects of sleep and fitness on brain health.

Effects of Functional Strength Training Combined with Aerobic Training on Body Composition, Physical Fitness, and Movement Quality in Obese Adolescents

This study aimed to compare the effects of 12 weeks of functional strength training combined with aerobic training (TG) and traditional resistance training combined with aerobic training (CG) on the body composition, physical fitness, and movement quality of obese adolescents. Forty participants were randomly assigned to either the TG group (n = 20) or the CG group (n = 20). Each group underwent training five times per week, lasting 120 min each time, over a total period of 12 weeks. All participants followed a strict dietary program. Anthropometric parameters, body composition, physical fitness, and movement quality were evaluated at baseline and after intervention. A two-way repeated measures ANOVA observed a significant interaction between time and group for body mass (p = 0.043), body fat percentage (p = 0.045), body mass index (p = 0.025), neck circumference (p = 0.01), chest circumference (p = 0.027), left-hand grip strength (p = 0.043), right-hand grip strength (p = 0.048), standing broad jump (p = 0.044), and total Functional Movement Screen score (p = 0.003), and the improvement was greater for TG in comparison to CG. TG was found to be more effective than CG in enhancing body composition, physical fitness, and movement quality in obese adolescents.

Normalised difference moisture index in water stress assessment of maize crops

Remote sensing is a promising technique for better management of water resources in agriculture through improvement of dynamic control and operational scheduling on irrigated croplands. The main goal of this study was to identify the possibilities of application of the normalised difference moisture index (NDMI) to water stress monitoring in maize crops, and to determine the relationship between the index and soil moisture content. The study was carried out in 2019–2021 in the experimental fields of disturbed maize, cultivated on dark-chestnut soils in the Southern Ukraine at the NAAS Institute of Climate-Smart Agriculture. The crop cultivation technology was common for the conditions of the steppe zone of Ukraine. Actual soil moisture content was determined by gravimetric method in the pre-sowing and post-harvest period. The NDMI values were calculated using cloudless aerospace images from the satellites Landsat 8, Sentinel-2, and MODIS with 250 m resolution. It was revealed that the seasonal NDMI dynamics perfectly reflected the water-supply conditions of the disturbed maize, and could be used for operational monitoring and scheduling of irrigation. The parameters of the water-supply conditions were determined in 2021, which was the wettest year of the study: the cumulative seasonal NDMI reached 1.71, while the highest water stress was recorded in the driest year, 2020, – the cumulative NDMI was 0.15. Additionally, there was a moderately strong negative correlation between NDMI and soil moisture content, and the coefficient of determination was 0.62. The linear regression models, developed to predict soil moisture content in the 0–100 cm layer depending on the NDMI values, had good fitting quality and reasonable accuracy, but they required further calibration and extension of the initial dataset to provide more robust and reliable results for practical implementation. Based on the results of the study, spatial NDMI could be considered a good and reliable tool for improving irrigation water management. Further studies should focus on the practical implementation of the NDMI-based model of moisture-content estimation, as well as on the possibilities of the index usage for mapping irrigated lands.

Intermittent Hypoxic Training Increases and Prolongs Exercise Benefits in Adult Untrained Women.

Alba Camacho-Cardenosa, Marta Camacho-Cardenosa, Johannes Burtscher, Pedro R. Olivares, Guillermo Olcina, and Javier Brazo-Sayavera. Intermittent hypoxic training increases and prolongs exercise benefits in adult untrained women. High Alt Med Biol. 00:00-00, 2024. Background: Exercising in hypoxia may confer multiple health benefits, but the evidence for specific benefits is scarce. Methods: We investigated effects of intermittent hypoxic training (IHT) on the quality of life and functional fitness of healthy adult women, in a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study. Subjects performed 36 sessions of IHT (experimental group, n = 41; fraction of inspired oxygen [FIO2]: 0.17) or the same training in normoxia (control group, n = 41; FIO2: 0.21). Health-related quality of life, fitness tests, and hemoglobin levels were assessed before (T1), directly after (T2), and 4 weeks after (T3) cessation. Results: At T2, upper body strength (+14.96%), lower body strength (+26.20%), and agility (-4.94%) increased significantly in the experimental group compared to baseline but not in controls.The experimental group improved lower body strength more (by 9.85%) than controls at T2 and performed significantly better in walking (by 2.92%) and upper body strength testing (by 16.03%), and agility (by 4.54%) at T3. Perceived general health and vitality was significantly greater in the experimental group at T2 and T3 compared with T1. None of these improvements were observed in the control group. Conclusions: IHT is a promising strategy to induce long-lasting fitness benefits in healthy adult women.

The impact of LHC jet and ZpT\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$p_T$$\\end{document} data at up to approximate N3\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${}^3$$\\end{document}LO order in the MSHT global PDF fit

We present an analysis of two key sets of data constraining the high x gluon at up to approximate N3\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${}^3$$\\end{document}LO in QCD within the MSHT global PDF fitting framework. We begin with LHC 7 and 8 TeV inclusive jet and dijet production at both NNLO and aN3\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${}^3$$\\end{document}LO. This makes use of the formalism established in the previous global MSHT20aN3\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${}^3$$\\end{document}LO PDF fit, but now considers the role of dijet production for the first time at this order. We present a detailed comparison of the fit quality and PDF impact for both cases, and consider the role that electroweak corrections, and the scale choice for inclusive jet production has. Some mild tension between these data sets in the impact on the high x gluon is seen at NNLO, but this is largely eliminated at aN3\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${}^3$$\\end{document}LO. While a good fit quality to the dijet data is achieved at both orders, the fit quality to the inclusive jet data is relatively poor. We examine the impact of including full colour corrections in a global PDF fit for the first time, finding this to be relatively mild. We also revisit the fit to the ATLAS 8 TeV ZpT\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$p_T$$\\end{document} data, considering the role that the pT\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$$p_T$$\\end{document} cuts, data selection and different aspects of the aN3\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${}^3$$\\end{document}LO treatment have on the fit quality and PDF impact. We observe that in all cases the aN3\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${}^3$$\\end{document}LO fit quality is consistently improved relative to the NNLO, indicating a clear preference for higher order theory for these data.

Detecting self-organising patterns in crowd motion: effect of optimisation algorithms

The escalating process of urbanization has raised concerns about incidents arising from overcrowding, necessitating a deep understanding of large human crowd behavior and the development of effective crowd management strategies. This study employs computational methods to analyze real-world crowd behaviors, emphasizing self-organizing patterns. Notably, the intersection of two streams of individuals triggers the spontaneous emergence of striped patterns, validated through both simulations and live human experiments. Addressing a gap in computational methods for studying these patterns, previous research utilized the pattern-matching technique, employing the Nelder-Mead Simplex algorithm for fitting a two-dimensional sinusoidal function to pedestrian coordinates. This paper advances the pattern-matching procedure by introducing Simulated Annealing as the optimization algorithm and employing a two-dimensional square wave for data fitting. The amalgamation of Simulated Annealing and the square wave significantly enhances pattern fitting quality, validated through statistical hypothesis tests. The study concludes by outlining potential applications of this method across diverse scenarios.

Improvement of the GFI and AGFI indexes in structural equation models by the covariance between repetitions in the observed variables

Although there are methods that relate a set of repeated observed variables to the fit of structural equation models, there are some deficiencies in the quality-of-fit indexes proposed in the literature, as they do not include characteristics of data with repeated observed variables. Thus, this study aims to propose an improvement in the GFI and AGFI indexes by incorporating a correction that considers repetitions in the observed variables. Several designs are considered to validate this proposal as a function of the criteria that determine the quality of fit, as well as the presence of outliers. In this context, the improvement is given to the indexes built in the least square and likelihood approaches, and their advantages and disadvantages are compared with conventional indexes using the Monte Carlo simulation. The improvement of the GFI and AGFI indexes to incorporate the effect of repetitions of the observed variables was promising, as it presented robustness properties relative to the presence of outliers and showed diagnostic evidence of a model with good and poor fit. It is recommended to use up to four repetitions to avoid numerical problems when computing the index estimates.

Hints of the JPC = 0−− and 1−−[formula omitted] molecules in the J/ψ → ϕηη′ decay

The primary objective of this study is to investigate hadronic molecules of K⁎K¯1(1270) using a one-boson-exchange model, which incorporates exchanges of vector and pseudoscalar mesons in the t-channel, as well as the pion exchange in the u-channel. Additionally, careful consideration is given to the three-body effects resulting from the on-shell pion originating from K1(1270)→K⁎π. Then the BESIII data of the J/ψ→ϕηη′ process is fitted using the K⁎K¯1(1270) scattering amplitude with JPC=0−− or 1−−. The analysis reveals that both the JPC=0−− and 1−− assumptions for K⁎K¯1(1270) scattering provide good descriptions of the data, with similar fit qualities. Notably, the parameters obtained from the best fits indicate the existence of K⁎K¯1(1270) bound states, denoted by ϕ(2100) and ϕ0(2100) for the 1−− and 0−− states, respectively. The current experimental data, including the η polar angular distribution, cannot distinguish which K⁎K¯1(1270) bound state contributes to the J/ψ→ϕηη′ process, or if both are involved. Therefore, we propose further explorations of this process, as well as other processes, in upcoming experiments with many more J/ψ events to disentangle the different possibilities.

A novel linear time clustering using heuristically improved mrk-medoids based on modified squirrel search algorithm

ABSTRACT The rapid development of different techniques and the data are accumulated with distinctive properties with high dimensions and huge size. The most essential approach in data mining is clustering, which groups a set of data into clusters. The training of high-dimensional data and huge volume data in clustering models exhibits low computational efficiency and high computational cost. These clustering methods clarify the inherent properties and discover new information from the data. This proposal plans to design and develop the novel Heuristic-mrk-medoids (H-mrk-medoids) clustering for handling the linear time clustering of big data. The aggregation of data into chunks and optimisation of the centroid is done in the map phase, and clustering is performed by optimising the weighted centroid in the reduce phase. As a main contribution of the paper, the mrk-medoids are optimally tuned by the Modified Squirrel Search Algorithm (M-SSA), which ensures efficient clustering based on the fitness quality measure. The accuracy rate of the designed method is 99% and also the RMSE rate of the offered approach is 0.393095%. The result of the proposed approach has shown major improvements in the efficiency of clustering when compared to conventional linear time clustering models.

Research on the effect of different aerobic activity on physical fitness and executive function in primary school students

To evaluate the effect of 16 weeks of different aerobic activity on physical fitness and executive functions in primary school students. 90 right-handed students from China (Boys = 46; Girls = 44) participated in our study and were randomly separated into four groups: 20 in the control group (Con), 23 in the physical activity group (PA), 25 in the intellectual activity group (IA), 22 in the physical activity and intellectual activity group (PA + IA). The students in PA, IA and PA + IA group received aerobic exercise program lasted 40 min daily, 4 days a week for 16 weeks, regular physical activity in the PA group, intellectual activity in the IA group, physical activity couple with intellectual activity in the PA + IA group, respectively. All the students participate the experiment for body composition, physical fitness (cardiopulmonary fitness, muscle strength, speed sensitivity, flexibility quality), executive functions and saliva analysis test before and after 16 weeks. There was no significant effect of 16 weeks different aerobic exercise interventions on body composition before and after exercise interventions among four groups in children (p > 0.05). The results were obtained by inter-group and intra-group comparisons that different exercise interventions (physical activity, intellectual activity, physical combine with intellectual activity), all can significantly improve physical fitness parameters (cardiopulmonary fitness, muscle strength, speed sensitivity and flexibility quality), and executive functions parameters (inhibitory control, working memory, reaction time cognitive flexibility), as well as the concentration of saliva GH and IGF-I (p < 0.05) in children. Our experiment further demonstrated that the improvement effect of the two exercises together is more significant than that of the single exercise ways. Both physical and intellectual activity can effectively improve physical fitness and executive function in children, and the improvement effect of the two exercises together is more significant than that of the single exercise ways.

How the blast-wave model describes PID hadron spectra from 5 TeV p-Pb collisions

The blast-wave (BW) spectrum model has been applied extensively to nucleus-nucleus collision data with the intention to demonstrate formation of a quark-gluon plasma (QGP) in more-central A-A collisions. More recently the BW model has been applied to p-p, d-Au and p-Pb collisions. Such results are interpreted to indicate that “collectivity” (flows) and QGP appear in smaller systems. In this talk I review BW analysis of identified-hadron spectra from 5 TeV p-Pb collisions and examine the shape evolution of model spectra with collision centrality. I evaluate data-model fit quality using conventional statistical measures. I conclude that the BW model is not a valid data model.

Relationship between infection, physical and mental health and exercise habits of some Chinese residents after recovery from COVID-19

This study aimed to determine the infection status, exercise habits, anxiety levels, and sleep quality in Chinese residents who recovered from infection during the period of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) period. It also aimed to investigate the influencing factors of recovery status and aid in improving intervention measures for COVID-19 recovery. This study is a sub-study nested within a cross-sectional investigation of infection and physical and mental health among partially recovered residents in all 34 provincial areas of China during the COVID-19 pandemic. A total of 1013 participants (374 males and 639 females) completed the study. Cardiopulmonary endurance was significantly lower after infection than before infection (p < 0.001). Women (3.92 ± 4.97) exhibited higher levels of anxiety than men (3.33 ± 4.54, p = 0.015). The sleep score was significantly higher after infection (8.27 ± 7.05) than before infection (4.17 ± 4.97, p < 0.001). The active and regular exercise groups exhibited significantly shorter durations of fever than the sedentary and irregular groups (p = 0.033; 0.021). Additionally, the active group demonstrated significantly fewer recovery days ([7.32 ± 3.24] days) than the sedentary group ([7.66 ± 3.06] days, p = 0.035). We found a correlation between age and the recovery time of symptoms after COVID-19. We noted that a greater number of symptoms corresponded to poorer cardiopulmonary fitness and sleep quality. Individuals who engage in sedentary lifestyles and irregular exercise regimens generally require prolonged recovery periods. Therefore, incorporating moderate exercise, psychological support, sleep hygiene and other health interventions into post-COVID-19 recovery measures is imperative.

Robust inference of the Galactic Centre gamma-ray excess spatial properties

ABSTRACT The gamma-ray Fermi-LAT Galactic Centre excess (GCE) has puzzled scientists for over 15 yr. Despite ongoing debates about its properties, and especially its spatial distribution, its nature remains elusive. We scrutinize how the estimated spatial morphology of this excess depends on models for the Galactic diffuse emission, focusing particularly on the extent to which the Galactic plane and point sources are masked. Our main aim is to compare a spherically symmetric morphology – potentially arising from the annihilation of dark matter (DM) particles – with a boxy morphology – expected if faint unresolved sources in the Galactic bulge dominate the excess emission. Recent claims favouring a DM-motivated template for the GCE are shown to rely on a specific Galactic bulge template, which performs worse than other templates for the Galactic bulge. We find that a non-parametric model of the Galactic bulge derived from the VISTA Variables in the Via Lactea survey results in a significantly better fit for the GCE than DM-motivated templates. This result is independent of whether a galprop-based model or a more non-parametric ring-based model is used to describe the diffuse Galactic emission. This conclusion remains true even when additional freedom is added in the background models, allowing for non-parametric modulation of the model components and substantially improving the fit quality. When adopted, optimized background models provide robust results in terms of preference for a boxy bulge morphology for the GCE, regardless of the mask applied to the Galactic plane.

Augmented Reality Training on Combat Sport: Improving the Quality of Physical Fitness and Technical Performance of Young Athletes

This study aims to analyze the effects of augmented reality (AR) training in improving physical fitness and technical performance. An 11-week randomized controlled design was adopted in this study. This research involved sixty female athletes in Pencak Silat and Karate from Sriwijaya University (Indonesia). Participants were allocated into the experimental group, namely AR (Pencak silat: n=15, Karate: n=15) and control group (Pencak silat: n=15, Karate: n=15). Handgrip dynamometer, leg dynamometer test, medicine ball, standing long jump test, hexagon agility test, sit and reach test and multi stage test are used to measure physical fitness levels while the target punching test and target kick test are used to measure technical performance. The results of Student's t showed that there was a change in the mean value of AR (all, p &lt; 0.05) and control only in MBT (p &lt; 0.05) from baseline to final-test, ANOVA analysis we observed that there was an effect of Time on physical fitness (all, p &lt; .001), there was a Group effect related to HDT (p &lt; .001), MBT (p = 0.043), SART (p &lt; .001), and MST (p &lt; .001) and there was a Time * Group interaction related to HDT (p &lt; .001), LDT ( p = 0.029), SLJT (p &lt; .001), HAT ( p &lt; .001), SART (p &lt; .001), and MST (p &lt; .001), there was an effect of Time on technical performance (all, p &lt; .001), Group effect related to TPT (p = 0.004), and Time * Group interaction related to TPT (p = 0.001) and TKT (p &lt; .001). Thus, we conclude that using AR for 11 weeks is an effective training method for improving the quality of physical fitness and technical performance of young athletes in combat sports. Keywords: Combat sport, Athlete performance, Technology training.

High-Temporal-Resolution Kinetic Modeling of Lung Tumors with Dual-Blood Input Function Using Total-Body Dynamic PET.

The lungs are supplied by both the pulmonary arteries carrying deoxygenated blood originating from the right ventricle and the bronchial arteries carrying oxygenated blood downstream from the left ventricle. However, this effect of dual blood supply has never been investigated using PET, partially because the temporal resolution of conventional dynamic PET scans is limited. The advent of PET scanners with a long axial field of view, such as the uEXPLORER total-body PET/CT system, permits dynamic imaging with high temporal resolution (HTR). In this work, we modeled the dual-blood input function (DBIF) and studied its impact on the kinetic quantification of normal lung tissue and lung tumors using HTR dynamic PET imaging. Methods: Thirteen healthy subjects and 6 cancer subjects with lung tumors underwent a dynamic 18F-FDG scan with the uEXPLORER for 1 h. Data were reconstructed into dynamic frames of 1 s in the early phase. Regional time-activity curves of lung tissue and tumors were analyzed using a 2-tissue compartmental model with 3 different input functions: the right ventricle input function, left ventricle input function, and proposed DBIF, all with time delay and dispersion corrections. These models were compared for time-activity curve fitting quality using the corrected Akaike information criterion and for differentiating lung tumors from lung tissue using the Mann-Whitney U test. Voxelwise multiparametric images by the DBIF model were further generated to verify the regional kinetic analysis. Results: The effect of dual blood supply was pronounced in the high-temporal-resolution time-activity curves of lung tumors. The DBIF model achieved better time-activity curve fitting than the other 2 single-input models according to the corrected Akaike information criterion. The estimated fraction of left ventricle input was low in normal lung tissue of healthy subjects but much higher in lung tumors (∼0.04 vs. ∼0.3, P < 0.0003). The DBIF model also showed better robustness in the difference in 18F-FDG net influx rate [Formula: see text] and delivery rate [Formula: see text] between lung tumors and normal lung tissue. Multiparametric imaging with the DBIF model further confirmed the differences in tracer kinetics between normal lung tissue and lung tumors. Conclusion: The effect of dual blood supply in the lungs was demonstrated using HTR dynamic imaging and compartmental modeling with the proposed DBIF model. The effect was small in lung tissue but nonnegligible in lung tumors. HTR dynamic imaging with total-body PET can offer a sensitive tool for investigating lung diseases.

Comparison of the Quality of Physical Fitness of Elementary School Students in Cities and Villages based on Geographical Location

This study aims to investigate differences in the quality of physical fitness of students in cities and villages, which are influenced by geographical location and different daily activities. The research method used was quantitative descriptive with a population and sample of 160 people. The data analysis technique applied is the Mann-Whitney Test. The results showed quantitatively significant differences between the two groups, with the average difference showing that fitness in villages reached 5.42 compared to students in cities. This indicates that the group of students in the village has a higher level of fitness than the group of students in the city. The fitness assessment using the Indonesian Physical Fitness Test (TKJI) category shows that students in the city are in the Medium fitness category, while students in the village are in the Good fitness category. The findings illustrate that more active physical activity in villages may be the cause of the difference. Students in villages tend to have a more active lifestyle, engaging in physical activities such as walking, running, and jumping, while students in cities tend to spend their free time playing with gadgets. In conclusion, the results of this study support the view that geographical factors and daily activities affect students' fitness levels, with implications for TKJI categories that indicate better fitness levels in villages than cities.

Spectral profile of ro-vibrational transitions of HCl broadened by He, Ar and SF6: Testing the β-correction to the Hartmann-Tran profile and the speed dependent (complex) hard collision model

The β-correction to the Hartmann-Tran (HT) profile, recently introduced to model the spectral shape of a molecular transition strongly affected by the Dicke narrowing effect (Konefal et al., JQSRT 242 (2020) 106,784), the HT profile (Ngo et al., JQSRT 129 (2013) 89), and the speed dependent (complex) hard collision model (SDcHC, in which the velocity changing collision rate is characterized by a complex number) are tested using spectra of two rovibrational lines of HCl. The R(5) and R(9) lines of the fundamental band of HCl broadened by He, Ar and SF6 have been recorded with a difference-frequency laser spectrometer for total pressures ranging from 12 to 930 mbar. These lines, measured in large pressure ranges with different collision-partners provide a meaningful test of the above-mentioned line-shape models. The results confirm that non-Voigt effects are significant for HCl broadened by Ar and SF6 and mainly due to the large influence of the Dicke narrowing effect. For HCl-SF6 and HCl-Ar, especially for the R(9) line, using the β-correction together with the HT profile (and with the speed-dependent hard collision model, SDHC) significantly improves the fit residuals while it has no effect on (or tends to deteriorate) the quality of the fit for HCl-He and for the R(5) line of HCl-SF6, for which the influence of velocity changing collisions is smaller. Except for HCl-He, the SDcHC model leads to better quality of fit compared to the HT profile. The results also show that numerical correlations between refined line-shape parameters of the HT profile are important and can lead to ill-determined parameters while they are more properly determined with the SDcHC model.

Physical education program for schoolchildren with autism spectrum disorders

Programs focusing on a single type of physical activity may not be suitable for schoolchildren with ASD as they fail to provide sufficient variety of means, which can lead to decreased interest in physical education and one-sided development of children. The issue of meaningful content development in physical education programs to improve the quality of life, psycho-physical, and social development of schoolchildren with ASD remains inadequately addressed. Research Objective: To develop a physical education program aimed at improving the quality of life and psycho-physical and social development of schoolchildren with ASD. Methods. To justify the content and structure of the physical education program prioritizing the development of coordination abilities of children with ASD, levels of quality of life indicators, physical fitness, and adaptive behavior of children with ASD were determined; relationships between them were established; indicators for boys and girls were compared. To assess the effectiveness of the physical education program, a pedagogical experiment was conducted. Nineteen boys and five girls participated in it. Throughout the academic year, children followed the program prioritizing the development of coordination abilities. Results. A low level of physical fitness, adaptability, and quality of life indicators in children with ASD was established, requiring effective ways to improve them. Based on the results obtained, the structure and content of the physical education program for children with ASD with a priority focus on the use of means for developing coordination abilities were justified. The program differed from traditional ones by focusing on the development of all muscle groups, a wide range of means from various sports. The volume of exercises prioritizing the development of coordination abilities was 55%, they were used in all parts of physical education lessons throughout the academic year in the content of educational material of all optional modules and in homework; various sports equipment and musical accompaniment were used. Some means were excluded as children with ASD were unable to perform them. The educational program was nominally built on a modular system, containing an invariant (mandatory) and a variable component. The invariant part included: theoretical- methodological knowledge and general physical training, the content of which was implemented during each lesson. However, the material of variable modules was implemented not sequentially, but simultaneously in all lessons. Material from three variable modules (games, athletics, gymnastics) and physical training was combined in one lesson. Conclusions. The author's physical education program contributed not only to a significant improvement in their level of development but also to the speed strength and endurance of various muscle groups of boys with ASD; it was effective (p=0.01) in improving the cognitive component of the quality of life of boys with autism spectrum disorders; significant positive changes occurred in boys' vision (p&lt;0.05). Most indicators did not change statistically significantly but tended to improve. The absence of significant changes in the results may be due to a large spread around the arithmetic mean.

Reliability-oriented product manufacturing quality improvement approach based on R-KQC and DMAIC

ABSTRACT Reliability-oriented product quality improvement is of great significance to assurance the fitness of quality control and management activities in the manufacturing process. A novel reliability-oriented product manufacturing quality improvement approach based on DMAIC (i.e. define, measure, analysis, improvement, control) and driven by reliability-oriented key quality characteristic (R-KQC) is proposed to prevent reliability degradation and improve product fitness quality in the manufacturing process. First, with the manufacturing reliability based on RQR chain taken into consideration, the connotation of R-KQC is defined. Second, a reliability-oriented DMAIC process driven by R-KQC is proposed. The R-KQC identification method based on feature selection and Shaply additive explanations (SHAP) is proposed. In order to improve the quality of manufacturing process effectively, R-KQC improvement method of response surface and R-KQC control method based on time-between-events (TBE) control chart are proposed. Finally, an illustrated example of an insulating base is provided to verify the effectiveness of the proposed approach, the average failure rate of the latest batch is reduced by 37.8%.

The Management Strategies to Develop Physical Exercise for Secondary School Students in Industrial Zone of Shaanxi Province, The People’s Republic of China

Background and Aim: With the development of the economy and society, the urbanization process of industrial areas in Shaanxi Province is accelerating, educational resources are gradually optimized, and various educational reforms are gradually implemented. However, in this process, the physical exercise of secondary school students is gradually neglected, leading to problems such as the decline of students' physical fitness and poor physical quality. This research aims to construct management strategies to develop physical exercise for secondary school students in the industrial zone of Shaanxi province, the People’s Republic of China. Materials and Methods: The participants in this research can be divided into four groups, which are as follows: (1) 370 students were selected to participate in the questionnaire survey; (2) 7 experts were invited to in-depth interviews; (3) 19 experts were invited to conduct two round Delphi consensus; and (4) 9 experts were invited to discuss and confirm the management strategies. Descriptive statistics, including mean and standard deviation, are utilized to evaluate the questionnaire data. The consensus data was analyzed by using the median and interquartile range, with the criteria for assessment set at a median of ≥ 3.50 and an interquartile range of ≤ 1.50. Results: The management strategies to develop physical exercise for secondary school students in an industrial zone of Shaanxi province, the People’s Republic of China can be summarized into 8 main factors and 19 sub-factors. 8 main factors are as follows: (1) Start physical exercise in schools; (2) Establish a sports game; (3) Policies to support sports talent; (4) Finding sponsors; (5) Leader to activate the task; (6) Set up a team of teachers; (7) Teaching and learning network; (8) Controlling. Conclusion: The management strategies were constructed based on 8 core factors and 19 sub-factors. 9 experts already evaluated the content and application of this management strategy. The evaluation score is at the highest level, this is considered to confirm the suitability of this management strategy.