Objective Bacillary dysentery (BD) remains a public health concern in China, with its incidence influenced by multidimensional and interconnected factors. This study aimed to quantify the correlations between meteorological conditions, socioeconomic status, health resources, forest coverage, and BD incidence—an integrated analysis lacking in previous research. The results provide a comprehensive evidence base for formulating targeted BD prevention strategies. Methods Using panel data from 31 Chinese provinces (2014 ~ 2018), including BD incidence rates and 12 indicators of proxy variables at the ecological level, fixed-effects and random-effects models with Driscoll–Kraay robust standard errors were applied. Results The results of the random-effects model incorporating multidimensional factors showed that a 1% increase in the number of beds per 1,000 people in healthcare facilities, GDP per capita, and forest coverage was significantly associated with decreases in BD incidence rates of 2, 0.8, and 0.6%, respectively, (all p < 0.05). These findings indicate ecological associations with the incidence of BD across different provinces in China. Conclusion Improvements in regional investment in healthcare resources, economic development, and forest coverage were inversely associated with BD incidence, suggesting potential protective effects at the population level.

Coastal salt marshes store substantial organic carbon, but strong heterogeneity in carbon density complicates upscaling for blue carbon accounting, national inventories, and restoration planning. Using a standardized monitoring dataset from 361 salt marsh sites across eight coastal provinces in China (2021–2024), we quantified sediment carbon density in the upper 0–1 m and biomass carbon density (aboveground and belowground), and evaluated plausible drivers. Carbon densities were highly skewed, with sediment carbon dominating the combined carbon density. Vegetation composition explained the strongest contrasts: Spartina spp.-dominated marshes exhibited higher sediment and combined carbon density than Phragmites spp. and Bulrush/Sedge (mixed Cyperaceae taxa; including Schoenoplectus spp., Bolboschoenoplectus spp., and Carex spp.) marshes, whereas Phragmites spp. marshes supported the highest total biomass carbon density. After adjustment for vegetation group, sampling year, and latitude, sediment carbon density showed a modest negative latitudinal trend. Sediment fine fraction had little marginal association with sediment carbon density, but emerged as a positive predictor of sediment and combined carbon density once geographic and compositional structure was accounted for, consistent with context-dependent texture effects. In contrast, total biomass carbon density showed limited covariate-adjusted association with either fine fraction or sediment carbon density, and biomass allocation metrics did not provide a direct proxy for sediment carbon density. These results support stratified monitoring, reporting and verification designs that use vegetation group as a first-order stratum and sediment texture as a secondary modifier to strengthen higher-tier, accounting-relevant reporting and restoration targeting.

In the era of technological revolution, high-tech industries have gained prominence in national innovation systems. However, China’s high-tech sector faces challenges such as late development, weak foundations, and regional disparities. To address these issues, this study proposes a shared-input two-stage network DEA model. This model, based on an input-output perspective, considers resources that circulate and collaboratively function across multiple stages in the form of shared inputs. This paper analyzes data from 25 provinces (including municipalities) in China from 2011 to 2020 and divides the patent conversion process into two sub-stages: the upstream technology research and development stage and the downstream achievement transformation stage, measuring the stage efficiency values and overall efficiency values, respectively. To align with reality, this paper incorporates the intensity of the strength of intellectual property protection, strength of government financial support, and the expenditure on technology import as regional shared input variables. Meanwhile, expenditure on technological transformation is treated as a capital-type intermediate input variable. This approach unveils the “black box” of single-stage DEA, enabling more accurate efficiency measurement. Key findings reveal: (1) China’s high-tech research and development of patent technology, the achievement transformation and overall conversion efficiency show annual improvement, yet overall efficiency remains low with regional imbalances; (2) Achievement transformation efficiency exerts a greater impact on overall conversion efficiency than research and development of patent technology efficiency. Comparative analyses with single-stage and chained two-stage DEA models confirm the necessity of phased evaluation and shared-input variables, supported by input-output elasticity tests. The findings validate the applicability and interpretability of the proposed model in efficiency evaluation.

Genetic characterization of the Bai population from Yunnan province in China based on Y-STR population data.

Aims To identify latent professional identity profiles among nursing interns and to examine the influencing mechanisms of workplace violence (WPV) and psychological capital (PsyCap) on these profiles. Background Developing a strong professional identity is crucial for nursing interns’ transition to clinical practice and addressing the global nursing shortage. However, professional identity formation varies, and its heterogeneity among interns remains poorly understood. Identifying distinct identity subgroups and clarifying influencing mechanisms can help provide tailored educational support. Methods Convenience sampling recruited 313 nursing interns from tertiary hospitals across 9 provinces in China between November 2023 and April 2024. The survey included general information questionnaires, workplace violence scales, professional identity questionnaire, and positive psychological capital questionnaire. Analyses of latent profiles and mediations were performed. Results Among 301 participants, latent profile analysis revealed 3 distinct profiles: identity deficient (10.3%), moderate identity (47.2%), and high identity-low autonomy (42.5%). The results showed that self-efficacy, hope, and emotional abuse among nursing interns emerged as significant predictors of the category of professional identity ( p < 0.001). The mediating effect value of PsyCap between WPV and professional identity was −0.171 (95% CI: −0.286 to −0.086), accounting for 63.10% of the total effect. Conclusion The analysis revealed heterogeneity in nursing interns’ professional identities. WPV and PsyCap are key factors influencing this heterogeneity, with PsyCap serving as a partial mediator. Targeted interventions based on identity profiles are recommended, alongside ensuring clinical safety and integrating PsyCap training into education to support the stability of the nursing workforce.

Development and Validation of a Risk Prediction Model for Postoperative Pulmonary Infection in Renal Transplant Patients.

Background: Coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) 1st emerged in Wuhan province of China, caused by the SARS-Cov-2 virus in December 2019. COVID-19 has systemic manifestations, including hematologic manifestations. Complete blood count (CBC) has been recommended as a valuable tool for patient monitoring.Methodology: Our study was an ambispective study on COVID-19-positive patients whose complete blood count samples and peripheral smears. We analysed 700 patients with COVID-19 and recruited perfectly matched controls (COVID Negative) of similar age and gender. Result: The study included 700 cases (125 cases CBC with peripheral smears and the remaining 575 with only CBC) with an additional 60 COVID PCR negative and 60 COVID-recovered patients. COVID-19-positive patients had a mean age of 49.5 years with an M: F ratio. ESR mean value was 36mm in 1st hr. TLC count of 10.06 *103/µL whereas the COIVD recovered, and COVID-negative patients had TLC in the mean of 7.32*103/µL & 8.03*103/µL and was significant (p-value 0.000). A comparison of leucocyte counts among the three groups showed that the neutrophil, lymphocyte, monocyte, eosinophil count and their absolute values being statistically significant. Platelet count, MPV, and PDW were also significant among the three groups of patients. Discussion & Conclusion: Peripheral smear evaluation of COVID-19 patients could provide an insight into the severity of disease and multi-organ involvement. Morphological analysis by a trained pathologist cannot be entirely replaced by artificial intelligence. When looked at by a trained pathologist, subtle shape, size, and morphology variations can help adequately manage patients.

Effect on adverse childhood experiences and non-suicidal self-injury in adolescents with mental illness: The mediation effect of coping styles.

To investigate the prevalence of patient-led covert recording in Western China, nurses' attitudes towards covert recording and explore the factors. A descriptive cross-sectional study. This study was conducted in 33 cities in 6 provinces of China from November to December 2021. A convenience sampling strategy was used to get access to 2323 participants, and a self-designed questionnaire was used for evaluation. This study included 2124 nurses; of this, 442 (20.8%) had the experience of patient-led covert recording. After being covertly recorded, they felt stressful (76.9%), nervous (61.3%) and angry (58.6%). A total of 1287 (60.6%) nurses didn't accept covert recording under any condition. There were differences in age, education, professional titles, years of working, departments, and management measures launched by hospitals between the groups with or without the experience of being covertly recorded. Furthermore, the binary logistic regression analysis showed that nurses running outpatient clinics (OR = 0.635, 95% CI: 0.425-0.950, p < 0.05) were accompanied by higher prevalence of patient-led covert recording while the opposite was true when hospitals launched related management measures (OR = 1.632, 95% CI: 1.126-2.366, p < 0.05). Patient-led covert recording might be a form of workplace violence which could be stressful. Thus, it deserves attention and consideration. Management measures and training on patient-led covert recording are urgently required to meet the needs of nurses. The findings of this study emphasise the significant role of patient and public contributions in healthcare dynamics. By revealing nurses' stress and anxiety associated with covert recordings, it highlights the need for open dialogue about privacy and consent. Engaging patients in discussions about the ethical implications of such recordings can foster collaboration and trust in clinical settings. The findings suggest that implementing better management measures in hospitals could alleviate negative impacts and enhance communication between patients and healthcare providers. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry: ChiCTR2100048557.

Data-driven complementary policy development for photovoltaic industry facing resource constraints: A case study of Zhejiang Province in China

Establishment of an innovative machine learning-driven drinking water quality assessment model with health considerations.

Molecular epidemiological investigation and genetic diversity of bovine enterovirus in China.

Comparation on investment efficiency of government venture capital funds in 28 provinces of China

The impact of women's economic participation on grassland protection.

Quzhiqiao is a Chinese herbal medicine widely used in Zhejiang Province of China, which originates from the cultivar &lt;i&gt;Citrus aurantiun&lt;/i&gt; ‘Changshanhuyou’, named Changshanhuyou in Chinese. &lt;i&gt;Citrus aurantiun&lt;/i&gt; ‘Changshanhuyou’ is a botanical variety of &lt;i&gt;C. aurantium&lt;/i&gt; L., which is obtained after long-term domestication. It belongs to the Rutaceae family and mainly grows in Changshan County, Zhejiang Province, China. Quzhiqiao is an authentic Chinese medicinal material in the Zhejiang area with various pharmacological and curative effects. A comprehensive review and indepth analysis of scientific literature on Quzhiqiao was conducted, utilizing diverse electronic databases and additional sources. This review provides a comprehensive overview of its chemical components, standardized quality control, pharmacological activity, and mechanism of action, which also outlines future perspectives, highlighting the necessity for further research for harnessing the potential of the therapeutic use of Quzhiqiao.

Innovation ecosystem and regional sustainability: An analysis of China provinces

To compare the agreement between three classification criteria for early rheumatoid arthritis (ERA) in Shanxi Province of China. Patients whose age was more than 16years old, disease duration no more than 2years, and at least one joint swelling and tenderness were enrolled in a multicenter, retrospective cohort. The patients were grouped as RA or non-RA with detailed clinical and laboratory parameters recorded. The sensitivity and specificity of these criteria were compared with McNemar, and the areas under the ROC curves (AUC) were analyzed with MedCalc. The level of agreement between the three classification criteria was analyzed with kappa coefficient. A total of 834 patients were enrolled, including 596 ERA and 238 non-RA. The sensitivity of ERA criteria (87.1%) was significantly higher than that of the 1987 ACR criteria (50.2%, P < 0.001) and similar to the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria (89.4%, P > 0.05). The specificity of ERA criteria (92.0%) was similar to the 2010 ACR/EULAR (91.2%, P > 0.05) and 1987 ACR criteria (95.8%, P > 0.05). The AUC related to ERA (0.964) was slightly superior to that of 2010 ACR/EULAR (0.962, P > 0.05) and significantly higher than the 1987 ACR criteria (0.898, P < 0.001). The level of agreement between the 1987 ACR and 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria was 0.383; the 2010 ACR/EULAR and ERA criteria were 0.762, while the 1987 ACR and ERA criteria were 0.473. The ERA and 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria were accordant. They identified more ERA patients than did the 1987 criteria. The ERA criteria are more feasible than the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria. Key Points • RA is prone to severe disability and premature mortality. Early diagnosis and intervention are crucial for RA patients. • The 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria only slightly improved the 1987 ACR criteria and are not sufficiently accurate in the early identification of autoantibody-negative RA. • The ERA and 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria were accordant. They identified more patients with ERA than did the 1987 criteria. • ERA criteria are more feasible than the 2010 ACR/EULAR criteria.

The pig gut microbiome serves as a reservoir for antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), which pose a threat to public health and environmental safety. To investigate the presence of ARGs carried by free-range pigs, which have frequent contact with humans and their environment, we characterized the resistome of the pig gut microbiome through metagenomic sequencing of fecal samples from 120 pigs across four provinces in China (Yunnan, Guizhou, Sichuan, and Jiangsu). By constructing metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) and gene catalogs, we explored the microbial community structure and ARG distribution. Our analysis revealed a highly diverse array of ARGs, particularly those conferring resistance to multidrug, glycopeptide, peptide, and tetracycline antibiotics. Bacillota A and Actinomycetota were the dominant phyla across samples. However, notable regional differences in microbiota composition and resistance profiles were observed. These differences were likely influenced by local farming practices and environmental conditions. Guizhou harbored 11 unique ARG types, followed by Sichuan (seven), which showed region-specific resistome signatures. Escherichia coli and other microbial taxa were closely linked with ARG abundance, suggesting potential vectors for horizontal gene transfer. Analysis of mobile genetic elements (MGEs) further supported this, revealing a strong linear correlation between MGE and ARG abundance, with transposase elements particularly associated with multidrug ARGs. These findings highlight the central role of MGEs in ARG dissemination and underscore the need for targeted strategies to curb antibiotic resistance in livestock systems. Regional variation in resistome profiles further emphasizes the influence of local agricultural practices on resistance dynamics.IMPORTANCEThe growing prevalence of antibiotic resistance poses a significant global health threat, making it imperative to trace the origins and transmission routes of ARGs. This study delivers a comprehensive genomic reference for the porcine gut microbiota and clarifies how regional farming practices shape distinct resistome profiles. Integrating these data with analyses of mobile genetic elements and microbial hosts reveals the complex interplay among host, microbiota, and environment, thereby extending current knowledge of the pig gut ecosystem. These findings provide an evidence-based foundation for targeted surveillance and intervention strategies to curb antibiotic resistance in livestock and safeguard public health.

Against the backdrop of global economic volatility, environmental pressures, and intensifying industry competition, tourism resilience has become a critical indicator for assessing the capacity of tourism systems to withstand external shocks and achieve sustainable development. As an important engine of high-quality economic growth, the digital economy provides new momentum for strengthening tourism economic resilience. Existing literature predominantly focuses on the direct impacts of the digital economy, with insufficient exploration of its mediating pathways and spatial effects. Based on panel data from 11 provinces in China’s Yangtze River Basin from 2011 to 2023, this study constructs comprehensive evaluation index systems for the digital economy and tourism economic resilience. A mediating effect model and a Spatial Durbin Model are employed to systematically examines the impact mechanisms and spatial spillover effects of the digital economy on tourism resilience. The results show that the digital economy significantly enhances tourism economic resilience, primarily by fostering openness and technological innovation. Heterogeneity analysis indicates that this effect is more pronounced in provinces located in the upper and lower reaches of the Yangtze River Basin. Spatial analysis further reveals a significant positive local effect, accompanied by a negative spillover—or ‘siphon’—effect on neighboring provinces. Building upon the verification of the fundamental relationship, this study further extends the theoretical analytical framework of tourism resilience from the dimensions of mechanism decomposition and spatial effects. It thereby offers new empirical evidence and policy insights for fostering regional tourism resilience in the era of the digital economy.

ABSTRACT Linguistic landscape is an active and tangible agent that shapes space through the strategic performance of linguistic symbols. Applying scene theory, this study examines how the linguistic landscape of Hankow Concession in Wuhan, the capital of Hubei Province in central China, utilises linguistic and semiotic resources to (re)construct this former semi-colonial area as a space of consumption through institutional planning and unofficial linguistic practices. By taking photographs and conducting interviews, the researcher finds that multilingual signs operate as symbolic and cultural amenities that mediate interactions between people, place, and culture, establishing the three dimensions of experience emphasised in scene theory, namely legitimacy, theatricality and authenticity. With the construction of these three dimensions, linguistic landscape transforms consumption from a purely economic activity into a symbolic and affective practice. The findings further reveal a distinctive language ecology in which semi-colonial heritage, urban redevelopment, and contemporary consumption intersect, highlighting the role of the linguistic landscape as an active mediator that presents multilingualism and multiculturalism and facilitates communication between consumers and cultures in the production of hybridised urban consumption spaces shaped by both Chinese and foreign cultures.