Potential Limitations Research Articles

S-matrix positivity without Lorentz invariance: a case study

We investigate the analytic structure of scattering amplitudes in theories in which Lorentz invariance is spontaneously broken. We do so by computing and studying the S-matrix for a simple example: a superfluid described by a complex scalar with quartic interactions. The computation is confined to tree-level, for there are no absolutely stable single-particle states, though the lifetime can be made long by lowering the chemical potential. For the 2 → 2 amplitude in center-of-mass configurations, not only is crossing symmetry violated, there appears a tree level branch cut for unphysical kinematics. Its appearance is a consequence of non-analyticity in the dispersion relation. The branch point defines a new scale in the problem, which scales inversely with the chemical potential. In this example, even derivatives of the forward amplitude are positive while odd derivatives are negative. This pattern can be understood in a general way in the limit of a small chemical potential, or weak Lorentz breaking.

Novel third order nonlinear optical stilbazolium crystal replaced with 3-methoxy benzaldehyde as donor for optical device applications

A novel organic nonlinear optical stilbazolium group single crystal of 1-methyl-2-[2-(3-methoxystyryl)]-pyridinium iodide (subsequently referred to as MSMI) was grown by the solution growth technique using the method of slow evaporation at ambient temperature. The Single-crystal XRD investigation indicates that the MSMI crystal belongs to a monoclinic crystal system with a centrosymmetric space group. CHN elemental analyser confirms the weight percentage of carbon (C = 51.00 %) hydrogen (H = 4.55 %) and nitrogen (N = 3.94 %) in the MSMI crystal structure. The presence of 16 hydrogen atoms and 15 carbon atoms in the MSMI was affirmed by the Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analysis. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) studies confirmed the fundamental vibrations for different functional groups found in the MSMI crystal. The Hirsfeld surface analysis figured out the hydrogen bond interaction and π…π interaction which supports the stability of the crystal structure. The crystal is found to exhibit transmittance of wavelength above 400 nm and has a band gap of 3.05 eV ascertained from UV–Vis-NIR spectroscopic analysis. Photoluminescence (PL) studies reveal that the title crystal has an emission wavelength of 572 nm. The surface characteristics of the title crystal were examined by Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM), and etching studies. The value of Meyer's number is n = 1.8 which is determined by the Vickers microhardness studies. The value of the third-order nonlinear refractive index (n2) is 4.662×10−8 cm2/W, the nonlinear absorption coefficient (β) is 1.305×10−3 cm/W, nonlinear susceptibility (χ(3)) is 9.297×10−5 esu and the optical limiting threshold is 11.43 J/cm2 was ascertained form the Z-scan technique. The results indicate that the MSMI crystal is a potential optical limiter and has promising applications in nonlinear optical devices.

Multicenter evaluation of the Toxoplasma gondii Real-TM (Sacace) kit performance for the molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.

The molecular detection of Toxoplasma gondii DNA is a key tool for the diagnosis of disseminated and congenital toxoplasmosis. This multicentric study from the Molecular Biology Pole of the French National Reference Center for toxoplasmosis aimed to evaluate Toxoplasma gondii Real-TM PCR kit (Sacace). The study compared the analytical and clinical performances of this PCR assay with the reference PCRs used in proficient laboratories. PCR efficiencies varied from 90% to 112%; linearity zone extended over four log units (R2 > 0.99) and limit of detection varied from 0.01 to ≤1 Tg/mL depending on the center. Determined on 173 cryopreserved DNAs from a large range of clinical specimens, clinical sensitivity was 100% [106/106; 95 confidence interval (CI): 96.5%-100%] and specificity was 100% (67/67; 95 CI: 94.6%-100%). The study revealed two potential limitations of the Sacace PCR assay: the first was the inconsistency of the internal control (IC) when added to the PCR mixture. This point was not found under routine conditions when the IC was added during the extraction step. The second is a lack of practicality, as the mixture is distributed over several vials, requiring numerous pipetting operations. Overall, this study provides useful information for the molecular diagnosis of toxoplasmosis; the analytical and clinical performances of the Sacace PCR kit were satisfactory, the kit having sensitivity and specificity similar to those of expert center methods and being able to detect low parasite loads, at levels where multiplicative analysis gives inconsistently positive results. Finally, the study recommends multiplicative analysis in particular for amniotic fluids, aqueous humor, and other single specimens.

An ancient bacterial zinc acquisition system identified from a cyanobacterial exoproteome.

Bacteria have developed fine-tuned responses to cope with potential zinc limitation. The Zur protein is a key player in coordinating this response in most species. Comparative proteomics conducted on the cyanobacterium Anabaena highlighted the more abundant proteins in a zur mutant compared to the wild type. Experimental evidence showed that the exoprotein ZepA mediates zinc uptake. Genomic context of the zepA gene and protein structure prediction provided additional insights on the regulation and putative function of ZepA homologs. Phylogenetic analysis suggests that ZepA represents a primordial system for zinc acquisition that has been conserved for billions of years in a handful of species from distant bacterial lineages. Furthermore, these results show that Zur may have been one of the first regulators of the FUR family to evolve, consistent with the scarcity of zinc in the ecosystems of the Archean eon.

Challenges, Limitations and Pitfalls of PET and Advanced MRI in Patients with Brain Tumors - A Report of the PET/RANO Group.

Brain tumor diagnostics have significantly evolved with the use of PET and advanced MRI techniques. In addition to anatomical MRI, these modalities may provide valuable information for several clinical applications such as differential diagnosis, delineation of tumor extent, prognostication, differentiation between tumor relapse and treatment-related changes, and the evaluation of response to anticancer therapy. In particular, joint recommendations of the RANO group, the EANO, and major European and American Nuclear Medicine societies highlighted that the additional clinical value of radiolabeled amino acids compared to anatomical MRI alone is outstanding and that its widespread clinical use should be supported. For advanced MRI and its steadily increasing use in clinical practice, the Standardization Subcommittee of the Jumpstarting Brain Tumor Drug Development Coalition provided more recently an updated acquisition protocol for the widely used dynamic susceptibility contrast perfusion MRI. Besides amino acid PET and perfusion MRI, other PET tracers and advanced MRI techniques (e.g., MR spectroscopy) are of considerable clinical interest and are increasingly integrated into everyday clinical practice. Nevertheless, these modalities have shortcomings which should be considered in clinical routine. This comprehensive review provides an overview of potential challenges, limitations and pitfalls associated with PET imaging and advanced MRI techniques in patients with gliomas or brain metastases. Despite these issues, PET imaging and advanced MRI techniques continue to play an indispensable role in brain tumor management. Acknowledging and mitigating these challenges through interdisciplinary collaboration, standardized protocols, and continuous innovation will further enhance the utility of these modalities in guiding optimal patient care.

Probiotics Benefits, Potential Limitations and Risks

Probiotics Benefits, Potential Limitations and Risks

Can mental health practice benefit from procedural justice theory? A critical analysis on the opportunities and pitfalls of procedural justice to address coercion and human rights issues in psychiatry

The theory of procedural justice, derived from social psychology, is employed in numerous fields of study concerned with the quality of interactions involving individuals in positions of authority. Although this theory is increasingly cited for its potential to promote approaches aimed at mitigating the effects of psychiatric coercion and better respecting individuals' rights, empirical literature provides limited insights into how procedural justice could be translated into practice. It is important, therefore, to examine the theoretical and practical implications of such an orientation. Based on a critical analysis of existing literature, this article will discuss the potential contributions and limitations of procedural justice applied in the field of mental health and psychiatric nursing. Procedural justice has limitations regarding solutions for human rights violations in psychiatry. It nonetheless allows a focus on the quality of interactions with individuals in coercive contexts, in addition to considering the social and identity-related implications of psychiatric coercion.

Cell-free DNA from nail clippings as source of normal control for genomic studies in hematologic malignancies.

Comprehensive genomic sequencing is becoming a critical component in the assessment of hematologic malignancies, with broad implications for patient management. In this context, unequivocally discriminating somatic from germline events is challenging but greatly facilitated by matched analysis of tumor:normal pairs. In contrast to solid tumors, conventional sources of normal control (peripheral blood, buccal swabs, saliva) could be highly involved by the neoplastic process, rendering them unsuitable. In this work we describe our real-world experience using cell free DNA (cfDNA) isolated from nail clippings as an alternate source of normal control, through the dedicated review of 2,610 tumor:nail pairs comprehensively sequenced by MSK-IMPACT-heme. Overall, we find nail cfDNA is a robust source of germline control for paired genomic studies. In a subset of patients, nail DNA may have tumor DNA contamination, reflecting unique attributes of the hematologic disease and transplant history. Contamination is generally low level, but significantly more common among patients with myeloid neoplasms (20.5%; 304/1482) compared to lymphoid diseases (5.4%; 61/1128) and particularly enriched in myeloproliferative neoplasms with marked myelofibrosis. When identified in patients with lymphoid and plasma-cell neoplasms, mutations commonly reflected a myeloid profile and correlated with a concurrent/evolving clonal myeloid neoplasm. For nails collected after allogeneic stem-cell transplantation, donor DNA was identified in 22% (11/50). In this cohort, an association with recent history of graft-vs-host disease was identified. These findings should be considered as a potential limitation for the use of nail as normal control but could also provide important diagnostic information regarding the disease process.

A recent survey of image-based malware classification using convolution neural network

<p>Despite numerous breakthroughs in creating and applying new and current approaches to malware detection and classification, the number of malware attacks on computer systems and networks is increasing. Malware authors are continually changing their operations and activities with tools or methodologies, making it tough to categorize and detect malware. Malware detection methods such as static or dynamic detection, although useful, have had challenges detecting zero-day malware and polymorphic malware. Even though machine learning techniques have been applied in this area, deep neural network models using image visualization have proven to be very effective in malware detection and classification, presenting better accuracy results. Hence, this article intends to conduct a survey showing recent works by researchers and their techniques used for malware detection and classification using convolutional neural network (CNN) models highlighting strengths, and identifying areas of potential limitations such as size of datasets and features extraction. Furthermore, a review of relevant research publications on the subject is offered, which also highlights the limitations of models and dataset availability, along with a full tabular comparison of their accuracy in malware detection and classification. Consequently, this review study will contribute to the advancement and serve as a basis for future research in the field of developing CNN models for malware detection and classification.</p>

Topological features of functional brain networks and subclinical impulsivity: an investigation in younger and older adults.

Impulsive traits (i.e., the tendency to act without forethought regardless of negative outcomes) are frequently found in healthy populations. When exposed to risk factors, individuals may develop debilitating disorders of impulse control (addiction, substance abuse, gambling) characterized by behavioral and cognitive deficits, eventually leading to huge socioeconomic costs. With the far-reaching aim of preventing the onset of impulsive disorders, it is relevant to investigate the topological organization of functional brain networks associated with impulsivity in sub-clinical populations. Taking advantage of the open-source LEMON dataset, we investigated the topological features of resting-state functional brain networks associated with impulsivity in younger (n=146, age: 20-35) and older (n=61, age: 59-77) individuals, using a graph-theoretical approach. Specifically, we computed indices of segregation and integration at the level of specific circuits and nodes known to be involved in impulsivity (frontal, limbic, and striatal networks). In younger individuals, results revealed that impulsivity was associated with a more widespread, less clustered and less efficient functional organization, at all levels of analyses and in all selected networks. Conversely, impulsivity in older individuals was associated with reduced integration and increased segregation of striatal regions. Speculatively, such alterations of functional brain networks might underlie behavioral and cognitive abnormalities associated with impulsivity, a working hypothesis worth being tested in future research. Lastly, differences between younger and older individuals might reflect the implementation of age-specific adaptive strategies, possibly accounting for observed differences in behavioral manifestations. Potential interpretations, limitations and implications are discussed.

Potential Limitations and Effective Integration of Mobile Pronunciation Tools for English Language Learners

Mobile pronunciation tools are a new way to acquire pronunciation skills through a combination of internet resources and mobile applications for English language learners (Abarquez, 2021). As English continues to be a widely spoken language worldwide, language learners are looking for new and innovative ways to improve their pronunciation skills. This article has reviewed studies on the potential limitations and effective integration of mobile pronunciation tools for English language learners. This review aims to explore and discuss the potential constraints and challenges of using mobile pronunciation tools for English language learning. Additionally, it examined how these tools can be effectively integrated into classroom instruction and self-directed learning. The articles for this review were discovered by using internet search engines such as Google Scholar, Scopus, and Research Gate, in the topic area of the potential limitations and integration of mobile pronunciation tools for English language learners. The retrieved data was carefully investigated using inclusion and exclusion criteria. The topic investigation involved collecting data from ten journals article, which were then analyzed by creating a grid table. The resulting table is used to analyze patterns, similarities, and differences that can help conclude. The results of the analysis show that although mobile pronunciation tools have the potential for helping English language learners improve their pronunciation, they also have some limitations that need to be addressed. For future research, especially for those who are interested in integrating mobile pronunciation tools as the topic of the study, this paper can be a good lesson for the next study.Keywords: Mobile pronunciation tools, English language learners, classroom instruction, self-directed learning

Magnetic resonance imaging of placental Intralobule structure and function in a pre-clinical nonhuman primate model.

The placenta has a critical role in delivery of oxygen and an array of nutrients, hormones, antibodies and other biochemicals to the fetus, as well as the elimination of carbon dioxide and other waste products from the fetal circulation. Interrogating placental function is therefore essential for assessment of fetal and maternal health during gestation. Although the central role of adequate blood flow and oxygen delivery is clear, the lack of optimized imaging modalities to study placental structure has impeded our understanding of its vascular function. MRI is increasingly being applied in this field, but gaps in knowledge remain and further MRI methodological developments are needed. In particular, the ability to distinguish maternal from fetal placental perfusion, and the understanding of how individual placental lobules are functioning is lacking. The potential clinical benefits of developing noninvasive tools for the in vivo assessment of blood flow and oxygenation, two key determinants of placental function, are tremendous. Here we summarize a number of structural and functional MRI techniques that have been developed and applied in animal models and studies of human pregnancy over the past decade. We briefly discuss potential applications and limitations for these approaches. Their combination provides a novel source of contrast to allow analysis of placental structure and function at the level of the lobule. We outline physiological mechanisms of placental T2 and T2* decay and devise a model of how tissue composition affects the observed relaxation properties. We apply this modelling to longitudinal MRI data obtained from a pre-clinical pregnant nonhuman primate (NHP) model to provide initial proof-of-concept data for this methodology which quantifies oxygen transfer and placental structure across and between lobules. This method has the potential to improve our understanding and clinical management of placental insufficiency once validation in a larger NHP cohort is complete.

Triple Antibiotic Paste: A Game Changer in Endodontics

ABSTRACT Triple antibiotic paste has emerged as a game changer in the field of endodontics, offering a novel approach to the management of refractory endodontic infections and regenerative endodontics. This review article provides an overview of the composition, mechanism of action, clinical applications, advantages, and potential limitations of triple antibiotic paste in endodontic therapy. Additionally, recent advancements and future directions for the use of triple antibiotic paste in endodontics are also discussed.

Identifying constraints and limits to climate change adaptation in Austria under deep uncertainty

Although humanity has always been adapting to a changing environment, the accelerated rate of climate change in combination with continued socioeconomic development and the delay in climate action result in deep uncertainties, further challenging policy, and decision making. A main are of concern, triggered by the increasing frequency and intensity of climatic hazards are growing uncertainties regarding the effectiveness of prevailing adaptation strategies, as well as constraints and eventually limits to adaptation. The existing literature is largely conceptual and focusses on the Global South, where evidence for reaching adaptation limits already exists. In this study, we aim to uncover whether Austria, a Global North country, faces intolerable risks from climate change and experiences adaptation constraints that may trigger limits to adaptation. As there are still considerable uncertainties involved in quantifying potential adaptation limits, we use a social science approach to collect first empirical evidence on this crucial issue. We identify and discuss sources of concern based on semi-structured interviews (n = 26) with climate change adaptation and disaster risk management experts. Our results indicate that although Austria may currently not face physical constraints, which could lead to “hard” adaptation limits, it is nevertheless essential to upgrade existing adaptation strategies for more severe climatic events that may impose “soft” adaptation limits at the local and individual level. Many of these perceived soft adaptation limits are linked to constraints in imagination, awareness, and knowledge, but also to confining decision-making processes and the locked-in focus on technical adaptation measures, which cannot be scaled up indefinitely. To overcome these constraints and avoid adaptation limits, we suggest more inclusive stakeholder involvement in adaptive planning and the design of climate strategies by fostering bottom-up or participatory processes and integrating disaster risk management and climate change adaptation more strongly within polycentric risk governance approaches. Our insights can be seen as a precursory scoping study for the establishment of comprehensive decision making under deep uncertainty approaches in Austria and beyond, since at least many Global North countries share similar constraints and uncertainties regarding technological, economic, and political trends.

(251) Exploring Trends, Safety, and Efficacy of Wearable Male Sexual Devices: Revolutionizing Intimacy

Abstract Introduction The prevalence of male sexual dysfunction (MSD) increases with age, with greater than 50% of men aged over 40 years reporting erectile dysfunction (ED). In recent years, wearable male sex devices (WMSDs) have been both increasingly utilized by patients and recommended by sexual medicine clinicians. Objective This study seeks to investigate the safety and efficacy of products currently marketed for the treatment of MSD. Methods Available products for WMSDs were reviewed by analyzing product websites, forums, advertisements, and clinical recommendations. Qualitative comparisons were made based on patient reviews, cost, and specific features of each device. Investigatory evidence and FDA status were also reviewed (Figure 1). Additionally, Google Trends was used to determine the popularity of different devices over time (Figure 2). Results Eight WMSDs for the treatment of MSD and enhancement of sexual pleasure were reviewed. Constriction bands, such as the Maintain Ring Loop, Eddie by Giddy, and Xialla, have shown significant benefits in clinical trials and were found to be the most popular devices among patients. Smart devices can provide real-time feedback on erectile quality and/or sexual performance. Similar to the Rigiscan, the ADAM sensor provides feedback on erectile quality while also monitoring changes in penile tumescence during sleep with additional analysis available through a mobile application. Neuromodulation devices like Morari Patch and vPatch/in2 patch use electrical stimulation to delay ejaculation and improve sexual function. The FirmTech Performance Ring uses sensors to track the vital signs of erectile fitness with clinical trials ongoing. Conclusions Overall, this review describes the available investigatory evidence for a range of WMSDs and highlights the potential benefits and limitations of these devices in treating MSD and enhancing sexual pleasure. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of these devices and to determine which ones may be the most suitable for individual patients. Disclosure Any of the authors act as a consultant, employee or shareholder of an industry for: Charles A Loeb, MD - None relevant Muhammad A M Hammad, MBBCh - None relevant David W Barham, MD - None relevant Jake Miller MD - None relevant Kirsten Young, MS - None relevant Rainey Horwitz, MD – Paid collaboration with FirmTech on Instagram Eliad Amini, BS - None relevant Mai Xuan Nguyen, BS - None relevant Nitish Nag, MD, PhD - None relevant Lawrence Jenkins, MD – None relevant Amy M Pearlman, MD – Consultant for/received grant funding from Boston Scientific; consultant for Endo Pharmaceuticals; consultant for FirmTech; investor in ByteMD; influencer in Urology Times Faysal A Yafi, MD – Advisory board and speaker for Coloplast; consultant for Cynosure; advisory board and speaker for Halozyme; intellectual property with Masimo; advisory board for Promescent; consultant for Sprout; advisory board for Xialla.

A criação de um Conselho de Entidades de Santa Catarina como agente na depuração dos cadastros de contribuintes catarinenses e os potenciais impactos na desjudicialização do executivo fiscal

The following text addresses aspects related to the challenge imposed on the Santa Catarina Public Administration regarding the accuracy, access, and update of taxpayer registries. It evaluates both the implications arising from potential limitations in the aforementioned fields and a potential scenario of assistance in the solution derived from the integration and use of available taxpayer databases in the Santa Catarina Public Administration, aiming at cross-referencing data sources with the consequent optimization of respective records. In this sense, after contextualizing the mentioned situation, the aim is to make it explicit that with data integration among governmental entities, proper access to the best data sources, and the use of sophisticated practices for refining taxpayer databases, it is possible to enhance the dejudicialization of the fiscal executive, given that the inaccessibility of postal and property-related information about taxpayers constitutes a significant obstacle to the effectiveness of administrative and judicial collection.

A hydrodynamic modelling of wave-activated bodies for wavelet marine regions

Abstract Recently, most wave energy research has targeted sea areas with high power density under extreme wave conditions for deployment. This trend often leads to higher energy costs for wave power plants. However, many marine areas with low power density, characterized by wavelet conditions and less destructive forces than extreme wave conditions, remain underexplored. Therefore, this study aimed to propose a wave-activated body model for sea regions with wavelet conditions. The wave-activated body design process encompassed site selection, parameter determination, geometry design, comparison and performance evaluation using the ANSYS® AQWA model. The results indicated that the proposed device achieved the desired heave motion, with an amplitude range of 1.2 to –2.5 m, validating its potential for deployment in marine regions with wavelet conditions. Notably, while the proposed design is optimized for wavelet conditions, it was found to have potential limitations in extreme wave environments. This observation emphasizes the challenge of formulating a generalized design suitable for both conditions. Consequently, it is pivotal for wave-activated body designs to be customized based on the specific ocean conditions they target, underscoring the need for specialized designs of wave energy converters that consider the unique wave characteristics of their deployment sites.

On learning latent dynamics of the AUG plasma state

In this work, we demonstrate the utility of state representation learning applied to modeling the time evolution of electron density and temperature profiles at ASDEX-Upgrade (AUG). The proposed model is a deep neural network, which learns to map the high dimensional profile observations to a lower dimensional state. The mapped states, alongside the original profile's corresponding machine parameters, are used to learn a forward model to propagate the state in time. We show that this approach is able to predict AUG discharges using only a selected set of machine parameters. The state is then further conditioned to encode information about the confinement regime, which yields a simple baseline linear classifier, while still retaining the information needed to predict the evolution of profiles. We, then, discuss the potential use cases and limitations of state representation learning algorithms applied to fusion devices.

Visible-light optical limiting of vanadia–polyvinylpyrrolidone nanofibers

In this work, vanadium pentoxide (V2O5) nanoparticles-filled electrospun polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) nanofibers were investigated systematically at various nanofiller weight percentages (8 and 10 wt%) and input intensities to reveal the effective optical limiting feature in the visible spectrum. XRD analysis demonstrated the purity of the produced V2O5 nanoparticles. According to SEM findings, V2O5 nanoparticles were effectively integrated into the PVP nanofibers. Two distinct absorption bands were observed at around 400 and 217 nm. These bands were related to PVP and V2O5 nanoparticles in linear absorption measurements, respectively. Moreover, an increased Urbach energy value was obtained with an increase in V2O5 nanofiller content within PVP. Open-aperture Z-scan measurements were taken at 532 nm considering the band gap energy of the V2O5 nanofillers in PVP composite nanofibers. In 8 wt% V2O5 nanofilled PVP nanofibers, one-photon absorption (OPA) was the main nonlinear absorption (NA) mechanism, and the defect states of the V2O5 nanoparticles had no contribution to NA. On the other hand, sequential two-photon absorption was the main NA mechanism, and the defect states of the nanoparticles caused more efficient NA behavior in 10 wt% V2O5 nanofilled PVP nanofibers. The effective optical limiting behavior was obtained for this composite nanofiber with lower limiting threshold as 1.49 × 10–5 J/cm2. The V2O5 nanofilled PVP nanofibers presented strong potential optical limiters in the visible wavelength region. This was attributed to their high linear transmittance at low input intensities and their robust NA behavior at higher input intensities.

Nutrient retention after crop harvest in a typic hapludults amended with biochar types under no-tillage system

The utilization of biochar’s as soil amendments for enhancing nutrient retention in subsoils present potential limitations. To address this issue, we conducted a greenhouse experiment to assess the effects of various biochar’s derived from animal manures (swine manure, poultry litter, cattle manure) and plant residues (rice straw, soybean straw, corn straw) when applied to surface of an acidic soil. Our study focused on wheat crops under a no-tillage system, with a subsequent evaluation of the residual impacts on soybeans. The experimental design involved the application of biochar’s at different rates i.e. 10 and 20 Mg ha−1, followed by the assessment of their influence on NPK levels, pH, and exchangeable Al in stratified soil layers (0–5, 5–10, 10–15, and 15–25 cm). Furthermore, we investigated the interplay between biochar doses and the application of nitrogen (N) in the top 5 cm of soil, specifically examining NO3-\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\ ext{NO}}_{{3}}^{ - }$$\\end{document}, NH4+\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\ ext{NH}}_{{4}}^{ + }$$\\end{document}, P and K levels. Our findings revealed that in the top 5 cm of soil, biochar doses and N application significantly affected NO3-\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\ ext{NO}}_{{3}}^{ - }$$\\end{document}, NH4+\\documentclass[12pt]{minimal} \\usepackage{amsmath} \\usepackage{wasysym} \\usepackage{amsfonts} \\usepackage{amssymb} \\usepackage{amsbsy} \\usepackage{mathrsfs} \\usepackage{upgreek} \\setlength{\\oddsidemargin}{-69pt} \\begin{document}$${\ ext{NH}}_{{4}}^{ + }$$\\end{document}, P and K concentrations. However, in deeper soil layers, no significant differences were observed among biochar doses with or without N application. Interestingly, K levels were impacted throughout all soil depths, regardless of the presence or absence of N application. Moreover, biochar application up to a 5 cm depth induced favorable changes in soil pH and reduced exchangeable Al. In contrast, deeper layers experienced a decrease in soil pH and an increase in exchangeable Al following biochar treatment. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that biochar’s can effectively retain NPK nutrients, enhance soil pH, and decrease exchangeable Al, independent of the type and dosage of application under a no-tillage system. Nonetheless, the efficacy of biochar amendments may vary with soil depth and type of nutrient, warranting careful consideration for maximizing their benefits in sustainable agricultural practices.