Political Ideology Research Articles

CEOs' Political Ideology, Social Capital and Corporate Tax Avoidance

CEOs' Political Ideology, Social Capital and Corporate Tax Avoidance

Political ideology and trust in scientists in the USA.

Trust in scientists is a key predictor of compliance with science-based solutions to societal challenges. Although liberals in the USA generally trust scientists more than conservatives do, it is not clear how these ideological differences vary across different scientific occupations and whether they can be mitigated. Here, in this Registered Report (including 7,800 US participants), we demonstrate that, even though the strength of the relationship between political ideology and trust varies across scientific occupations, liberals (compared with conservatives) show higher trust in most scientists. Moreover, following motivational accounts of scientist distrust, the study tested five theoretically grounded intervention strategies to improve conservatives' trust in scientists. None of the interventions were successful, suggesting that trust in scientists reflects relatively stable attitudes that require more elaborate and time-intensive interventions.

How Epistemic Beliefs about Climate Change Predict Climate Change Conspiracy Beliefs

Belief in climate change conspiracy theories (CCCT) can undermine support for measures against climate change. In two studies, we therefore aim to gain a clearer understanding of the factors that contribute to CCCT. A significant factor associated with CCCT is distrust in science, which is also correlated with epistemic beliefs (EBs) (e.g., beliefs are about the nature of knowledge and the process of knowing). EBs influence how individuals respond to knowledge claims, address contradictory evidence, and integrate new information. We hypothesize that EBs are linked to belief in CCCT via distrust in science. To test this hypothesis, we conducted one correlational study and one experimental study (n = 404 and n = 104, both pre-registered). Study 1 found that participants were more likely to endorse climate-related conspiracy beliefs if they viewed climate knowledge as tentative, relied on intuition to understand climate change, and had weaker beliefs in the interconnectedness of climate knowledge and its reliance on experts and scientific sources. As anticipated, distrust in climate science significantly mediated the relationships between the EBs subscales and belief in CCCT. Additionally, political ideology moderated the effect of believing knowledge originates from experts and science on distrust in climate science — this effect was pronounced among participants identifying with the political center while being weaker among left-wing participants. In Study 2, we were unable to establish a causal relationship between certainty beliefs and belief in CCCT. In conclusion, we suggest that educational initiatives aimed at fostering EBs may reduce science distrust and conspiracy beliefs.

Civic education and its impacts on peace and sustainable development of Bo City

The general aim of this study was to investigate civic education and its impacts on Peace and Sustainable Development of Bo City. The study area was Bo, which is found in the Southern part of Sierra Leone. According to the 2015 census report, Sierra Leone’s population has been on the increase since 1963 census. It increased from 2,180,355 in 1963 to 2,735,159 in 1974 and 3,515,812 in 1985. The sample size comprised of 80 respondents drawn from a targeted population of 100 respondents using purposive sampling technique. The research revealed that civic education impacts sustainable development; while hate speeches from politicians are largely problematic to civic education drives. It also showed that people engage in violence when they are under the influence of drug and alcohol. Also, politicians give their party thugs drugs and alcohol to be able to effectively carry out their destructive acts. It was further stated that people will engage into violent behaviour because they want to protect their political party ideologies. The study recommends that tribalism, regionalism and nepotism be dealt with to facilitate civic education drives of the citizens. That government should encourage the teaching of civic education in both primary and secondary schools and that of tertiary institutions. The establishment of workable institutions that can implement civic education programmes came up very strongly as a recommendation.

Is issue voting solely based on issues? Latent factors of political ideology in response patterns of voting advice applications

In recent years, an increase in issue voting has been observed, which is further facilitated by voting advice applications (VAAs) that inform users about the structure of the political contest in terms of their own preferences. Nevertheless, some response patterns seem to occur more frequently in VAAs than others, which could indicate ideological influences. To investigate this, we aggregated N = 5963 datasets of the German VAA Wahl-O-Mat (WoM) from three consecutive legislature periods and extracted latent factors using multiple correspondence analysis. Results show that the latent factors across all legislature periods were highly associated with dispositional traits related to political ideology, i.e., right-wing authoritarianism, social-dominance orientation, and moral foundations. In addition, the validity of the latent factors was demonstrated intertemporally, at the voter group level and at the content level, suggesting that political ideology even plays a role in issue voting. Importantly, the underlying ideological structure was more predictive for voting decisions than individual issue stances. We discuss the risks of this observation for democratic systems since predefined sets of political opinions might narrow the political debate, ultimately leading to greater polarization and disenchantment with politics.

Virtual regulation: Can immersive virtual reality be used to assist intergroup interventions? The moderating effect of political ideology

While emotions are pivotal in intergroup conflicts, individuals are less motivated to feel peace-promoting emotions in extreme conflicts. In the current research, we investigated whether virtual reality (VR) can be harnessed to overcome this limitation by utilizing two of its features: (a) the ability to simulate reality in an immersive way, and (b) to allow people to experience a situation from different perspectives immersively. Two studies done outside the lab ( N = 346) on Jewish-Israelis showed that watching conflict-related scenes using VR increased empathy and other peace-promoting emotions and attitudes. Additionally, the results showed that VR could be used to assist emotion-regulation interventions, namely, cognitive reappraisal (CR) and perspective-taking (PT), by allowing participants to immersively experience a scene from the desired perspective (a “bystander,” detached perspective for CR and an outgroup perspective for PT). Both features were found to have a distinct contribution in affecting participants’ emotions. However, most effects were found only among rightists, suggesting VR is beneficial when motivation to feel peace-promoting emotions is low. Our findings suggest that interventions should be carefully tailored to the audience, the context, and the desired effect.

Political Orientation and Vaccination Attitude: The Moderating Role of Power Distance Belief

ABSTRACTIn the US and in other economically developed western countries, vaccine resistance persists despite medical evidence that vaccines are safe and effective. This research seeks to explore the role individual differences, driven by one's values and ethical beliefs, play in one's intent to comply with vaccine mandates. We propose that political ideologies shape one's perceived ethicality of vaccination mandates as well as the decision to comply with mandates and get vaccinated. Across three studies, we posit and show that power distance belief interacts with political orientation to increase vaccine mandates compliance. Further, we test a communication strategy that implies power distance and show that such strategy can help to improve vaccine intention among conservatives. This research provides a unique context to evaluate and develop strategies for how public policies that require population‐wide acceptance and adoption can be better communicated and implemented by appealing to individual values and beliefs.

Revisiting the liability of foreignness: political ideology, globalization, and discrimination

Abstract Equal treatment of foreign and local firms is the cornerstone of international investment law. Yet, why do foreign firms face discrimination in host countries? We analyze this critical but underexplored aspect of the liability of foreignness in two stages. First, drawing on the insights from political science, we argue that the political ideology of the host government along the left-right spectrum drives discriminatory dynamics, resulting in elevated regulatory risk for foreign firms. Next, we argue that globalization moderates the relative regulatory risk while distinguishing political and social dimensions of globalization: political globalization amplifies the effect of ideology on discrimination, while social globalization mitigates it. We validate our theory using tax inspection data on 38,326 firms across 95 countries from the World Bank Enterprise Surveys between 2008 and 2019. We identify a novel, context-specific source of discrimination revealing how political ideology and globalization jointly shape the regulatory risk of foreign firms. We advance a growing stream of research that explores how political ideologies shape international business. CEOs must recognize that political ideology can drive discrimination risk and that globalization is a double-edged sword. Strategic planning demands nuanced integration of both factors to successfully mitigate discrimination in international markets.

Industrial Policy Revisited

In the past decade, there has been a global resurgence in attention to industrial policy (IP), a resurgence that cuts across political ideologies and geographic regions. IPs are inherently political, intimately connected to the roles of the state in the economy and of states within an international economic system. This review demonstrates that while overt IPs have waxed and waned in their political acceptability in the aftermath of World War II, IPs have always remained part of the policy tool kit. In using IP, policymakers have had to navigate three common governance domains: building coalitions to support productive investments, building the state's capacity to collaborate with and discipline the private sector, and creating political incentives for credible commitments to firms. Nonetheless, the political dynamics in each of these domains have shifted over time. Historically, IPs focused on export-based catch-up strategies, requiring the mobilization of coalitions around manufacturing investment and export discipline. Today's IPs often target frontier technologies and aim to address perceived vulnerabilities in global supply chains and new geopolitical competition, demanding greater experimentation with more uncertain economic outcomes and higher risks of failure. We trace the evolution of the literature on IP through four phases: state-led developmental policies, the changing coalitions and institutions in a globally fragmented production system, neoliberalism, and the more recent renewed focus on transformative IP.

Harmonizing Love Virtues in Music Education in Mainland China

This paper explores the harmonious integration of Confucian moral values and officially sanctioned love-themed lyrics in music education across Mainland China. It addresses the main research question: What role do officially approved school songs, which embody themes of love related to three key relationships—(1) family and home, (2) teachers and friends, and (3) the Chinese Communist Party (CPC) and the Chinese nation—play in promoting the virtue of love through singing within Mainland China’s music education? By analyzing two sets of officially approved music textbooks for primary school students, consisting of a total of 24 volumes, this study reveals how love-themed lyrics serve as a medium for propagating political ideology while reinforcing traditional Confucian values among the younger generation. The research illustrates how love, as a fundamental virtue, is expressed and reinforced through these songs, highlighting their significance in fostering emotional and ethical development. The findings underscore the role of music education in cultivating a sense of community and national identity, as well as the interconnectedness of personal and collective values in shaping students’ moral frameworks.

Ideas behind bars: the carceral state and struggles for academic freedom in India

ABSTRACT The article examines how Indian universities face the dual pressure of neoliberal policies and Brahminical Hindutva, a form of religious nationalism grounded in caste-supremacist political ideologies. The article connects caste oppression, neoliberal capitalism, and state repression, illustrating how carcerality extends beyond prisons to social, political, and epistemic exclusion. It unpacks some of the systemic manifestations of the carceral state, the repercussions of which are faced by scholars, students, journalists, lawyers, and civil liberties activists, particularly from minority backgrounds. Beyond an analysis of a landscape of repression, the article foregrounds the voices and deeds of some of these incarcerated scholars and civic activists, showcasing their critiques and transformative visions for justice and underscoring the critical role of education in carceral spaces. The article conceptualises the prison not just as a space of physical confinement but also as a broader system of governance that relies on carceral methods for controlling the most marginalised sections of its population. It proposes an expanded understanding of what it means to be a political prisoner. At the same time, the article highlights how prisons can also serve as spaces of intellectual resistance, knowledge production and solidarity-building.

All that is left is all that matters: the politics of social spending in authoritarian regimes

ABSTRACT This article investigates the political determinants of social spending in authoritarian regimes, focusing on health and education sectors. The theoretical argument builds on the assumption that dictators use social benefits and services as a tool to acquire political consensus. However, I argue that not all dictators face similar incentives to promote social spending; these incentives ultimately depend on (a) the presence of de jure multiparty elections, (b) the size of the regime-supporting group, and (c) the political ideology of the government. The empirical analysis reveals that, while there is no effect of de jure multiparty elections or ruling coalition size, authoritarian governments legitimizing their position in power through a left-wing ideology are associated with higher levels of public social spending. The results remain robust to different model specifications and thus call for further attention to regimes’ ideological connotations, rather than political institutions, when analysing social policy decisions in authoritarian contexts.

Not paying unto Caesar: Christian nationalism, politics, race, and opposition to taxation

Abstract Americans’ views on taxation exercise a powerful influence on political outcomes. Yet these views cannot be solely attributed to partisanship or even racial or economic self-interest. Recent work on the cultural sociology of taxation stresses that Americans’ views on taxes are shaped by their understanding of proper social order. Integrating these insights with burgeoning work on Christian nationalism (representing an idealized ethno-cultural social order), we examine how Christian nationalism corresponds to Americans’ views on taxation and the moderating influences of key social identities. We analyze data from three national surveys containing three different multi-item Christian nationalism indexes and numerous taxation questions. Even after accounting for partisanship, political ideology, religious characteristics, and other relevant correlates, the more Americans affirm Christian nationalist views, the more likely they are to believe their own income tax is too high; favor tax cuts to promote economic growth; oppose redistributive taxes on wealthy persons and corporations; believe the rich pay too much in taxes while believing poorer Americans often do not pay their fair share; and oppose taxes to help the environment. Interactions indicate Christian nationalism’s association with opposition to taxation is often stronger among White Americans compared to Black Americans and most often more pronounced among liberals and Democrats since those on the ideological or partisan right largely oppose taxation regardless of their views on Christian nationalism. Findings extend research on both taxation and Christian nationalism, elucidating relational dynamics at play in the former and clarifying the racialized, partisan, classist, and libertarian nature of the latter.

They are Hiding the Truth and Plotting: Conspiracy Beliefs Among Latinos

Abstract What factors explain Latino support for conspiracy theories? Contemporary scholarship offers valuable insights on how psychological, social, and political factors shape support for conspiracy theories. At the same time, scholarly understanding of the dynamics that foster conspiracy beliefs among racial and ethnic minorities is much more limited. Utilizing survey responses from more than 1,000 Latinos, we theorize explicitly about the factors that explain their support for conspiracies. Consistent with the scholarship highlighting in-group diversity among Latinos, we reveal significant differences among Latinos in their propensity to harbor conspiracy beliefs. Some of the factors that influence their support for conspiratorial statements align with the broader literature, other results appear unique to Latino Americans. Religiosity, lack of trust in institutions, and conservative political ideology are associated with higher levels of conspiracy beliefs among Latinos. We also find that Latinos from later generations, those who consume Spanish media, and who disagree that Latinos face discrimination and White privilege exists are more likely to believe in certain conspiracy theories.

Futurology in Taiwan and mainland China: geopolitical imagination of futures in the late twentieth century

ABSTRACT In the 1970s and 1980s, Taiwan and mainland China simultaneously embraced Western futurology, an interdisciplinary field that emerged postwar for strategic future forecasting. This paper explores why and how both societies came to prioritize the “future” at nearly the same time, despite their divergent political ideologies and lack of direct communication. By focusing on key figures—Zhang Jianbang in Taiwan and Qin Linzheng in mainland China—and the journals they published, this study highlights the shared practical concerns of both regions in addressing the immediate challenges of the coming decades. Setting aside unrealistic ambitions like restoring the mainland or achieving communism, they developed pragmatic strategies for national survival in the twenty-first century. A profound sense of crisis, shaped by the transformation of the Cold War order, forced them to reconsider their global position in the face of geopolitical shifts. Alongside the United States, the primary source of futurological knowledge and the world’s largest economy, Japan became a crucial model for both Taiwan and mainland China. Japan’s success in adopting technological innovations, especially in information technology, was seen as an ideal path for bridging the developmental gap with advanced nations. This study sheds light on how both societies across the Taiwan Strait sought to reconcile their national identities with rapid development amid the scientific and technological revolution and geopolitical shifts of the late twentieth century, as reflected in their visions of the future.

We Are All the Same and (Not) Judged the Same? Examining Attribution Tendencies of Liberals in the Context of Norm Violations by Refugees

ABSTRACTThis study examines how political ideology shapes attribution processes, focusing on how liberals attribute undesirable behaviour by a minority outgroup member they support. It was investigated whether, depending on the actor's group membership, the strength of norm violation affects attribution biases and emotional and punitive reactions. Two experiments (N1 = 180, N2 = 276) showed that participants were more likely to attribute a refugee's (vs. a non‐refugee majority group member) norm‐violating behaviour to external rather than to dispositional factors. Contrary to our hypotheses, the strength of norm violation did not have the expected effect on the difference in dispositional attribution between groups. Regarding emotional reactions, liberals exhibited more sympathy and less anger and desire for punishment towards a refugee compared to a majority group member. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the strength of the norm violation may influence anger and desire for punishment. When the norm violation was severe, participants expressed similar levels of anger and desire for punishment towards both actors, whereas there was a significant difference between group memberships when the norm violation was weaker. These findings provide a foundation for future research on how values and beliefs shape interpretations of others' actions, enhancing our understanding of intergroup attributions and the cognitive underpinnings of social judgements and biases.

Identity, Diversity, and Team Performance: Evidence from U.S. Mutual Funds

We examine team diversity and performance in the asset management industry through the lens of identity. Focusing on political ideology as the relevant dimension of identity, we find that diverse teams outperform homogeneous teams. The mechanism involves both improved decision making due to more diverse perspectives and increased monitoring by heterogeneous team members. The benefits of ideological diversity are undone when political polarization is higher, consistent with increased intrateam conflict. In examining why less diverse teams are prevalent in asset management, we find entrenched managers prefer homogeneous teams, and the local labor market supply of ideologically diverse managers is constrained. This paper was accepted by Victoria Ivashina, finance. Funding: This work was funded by the Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia [UID/ECO/00124/2013 and Social Sciences DataLab, Project 22209], POR Lisboa [LISBOA-01-0145-FEDER-007722 and Social Sciences DataLab, Project 22209], and POR Norte [Social Sciences DataLab, Project 22209]. Supplemental Material: The online appendix and data files are available at https://doi.org/10.1287/mnsc.2022.00544 .

Increasing confidence for pediatric COVID-19 and influenza vaccines using messages affirming parental autonomy: A randomized online experiment.

Increasing confidence for pediatric COVID-19 and influenza vaccines using messages affirming parental autonomy: A randomized online experiment.

정권의 정치성향과 주택가격 사이의 관련성

We examined the relationship between political ideology and housing prices by analyzing housing price patterns based on the ruling government’s political ideology. Using data from 3434 samples across 17 cities, including Seoul, from January 2008 to December 2024, we analyzed housing prices alongside variables such as the political ideology of the central and local governments, interest rates, and housing permits. Results showed that progressive central and local governments are positively and negatively related to housing prices, respectively. Additionally, when the political ideologies of these governments are consistent, housing prices show a negative relationship. Therefore, political ideology affects housing prices, and when the central and local governments share the same ideological stance, housing prices tend to decrease. This finding can be interpreted as a result of policy alignment between the two levels of government, which contributes to housing price stability. Unlike previous policy studies, this study examined the relationship between policymakers’ political ideology and housing prices. It revealed that housing price stability improves when the central and local governments share the same ideology. Therefore, policy coherence between the two levels of government is necessary.

POLITICAL IDEOLOGY FOR SUSTAINABLE INSTRUCTIONAL SUPERVISION IN SECONDARY SCOOLS IN NIGERIA

The article addressed Political Ideology for Sustainable Instructional Supervision in Secondary Schools in Nigeria. It navigates that, Nigeria education has failed in both policies and plans, adding that programmes planning and implementing are for enchantment, and frequent change of political leadership is responsible. Instructional supervision for sustaining quality standards are general to all organizations. The historical and political ideology in education is also discussed. Ideology of sustaining instructional supervision in Nigeria is addressed in the article. The National Policy on Education (FGN, 2014), has facts on instructional supervision. Some supervisory models are discussed in the paper. Such as; the skill training model, the counselling model and few others. The impact of educational supervision to school growth and development in teacher education in Nigeria are considered, ranging from; to check methods of teaching, to develop highly motivated teaching staff, to ensure adequate use of curriculum, to relates special student services, to develop public relations and so on. Two identifiable aspects of inspection/supervision in school are: internal and external school inspection/supervision. While the types of educational supervision are viewed as; instructional and Personnel supervision. Accordingly, both instructional and personnel supervision are aimed at improving teaching-learning, employing skills necessary and encouraging members of the school community to maintain standard for achievement of stated objectives. The recommendations are that: the inspectorate divisions in the Ministry of Education should do their best in the development of instructional supervisory method in schools, there is the need for behavioural therapy, modification, re-orientation, reengineering and revitalization for people to shun any action and vices that may jeopardize attainment of educational goals et cetera.