Poplar is severely damaged byHyphantria cunea (fall webworm), which significantly reduces tree productivity. However, conventional pest management methods are largely ineffective against fall webworm infestation. In this study, we demonstrated that the Vip3A protein possesses high insecticidal activity againstH. cunea by overexpressing a syntheticTHI1-Vip3A gene in poplar plants. A dicot codon-optimizedVip3A gene, fused with theTHI1 chloroplast signal peptide sequence, was chemically synthesized and introduced into the poplar cv. '741' genome viaAgrobacterium-mediated transformation. PCR, RT-PCR, and ELISA analyses confirmed the integration and successful expression of the transgene at both the mRNA and protein levels. The Vip3A protein concentration in chloroplasts was approximately 4.8-fold higher than in the whole leaf extract, indicating that the Vip3A protein was successfully targeted to and accumulated within the chloroplasts by the THI1 signal peptide. Subsequently, four transgenic lines with high Vip3A expression were subjected to H. cunea infestation. Compared to wild-type plants, these four transgenic lines exhibited significantly higher resistance, resulting in pest mortality rates exceeding 95% and significantly reduced leaf damage. Together, these results indicate that Vip3A possesses high insecticidal activity againstH. cunea. Therefore, transgenicTHI1-Vip3A poplar plants can serve as valuable germplasm for breeding poplar cultivars with high resistance toH. cunea infestation.

In Qinghai Province, Evergestis extimalis is an important pest of spring rape and is primarily controlled using chemical pesticides. Sex pheromones offer an alternative method for pest management in relatively non-polluted environments. In this study, the sex of E. extimalis pupae was identified, followed by isolation and structural characterization of female pheromone components using GC-EAD and GC-MS. A field attraction assay was then performed. The results showed that female pupae possess a longitudinal crack on the upper central ventral surface of the eighth abdominal segment, which connects the seventh and ninth abdominal segments. The two sides of this crack are open and flat, without protruding semicircles. Male pupae lack this longitudinal crack on the eighth abdominal segment but display one on the central ninth ventral segment, accompanied by semicircular tubercles on each side. The primary component extracted from female sex glands was identified as E11-14Ac. In field trials, E11-14 displayed a stronger attractive effect on E. extimalis males than the other tested attractants. In conclusion, E11-14Ac was preliminarily identified as the main component of the sex pheromone of E. extimalis, providing a foundation for its control using sex pheromones.

Heavy rainfall is a significant challenge for marginal farmers in the aspect of sustainable agriculture. This research analyzed data from eight grid points over 42 years to determine rainfall criteria: 50.91 mm to 79.65 mm for heavy rain, 76.95 mm to 101.21 mm for extreme rain, and 101.21 mm for rare 24-hour occurrences. The vulnerability mapping found 58 agriculturally susceptible communities. Research shows cashew nuts, coriander, sugarcane, sweet potatoes, and turmeric are the five main crops in the 58 most susceptible villages to heavy rainfall. These villages contain a greater number of marginal farmers. The DELPHI method revealed that coriander is the most susceptible crop. In this study, climate-smart agricultural practices such as Integrated Pest Management methods, shifting crop seasons, and Meghdoot application projections are used to minimize the damages caused by heavy rainfall. This includes protecting crops before heavy rainfall and monitoring them after heavy rainfall. For emission reduction as one of the pillars of Climate Smart Agriculture, biochar from biomass breakdown without oxygen is suggested. A poll found that 44% of respondents would use social entrepreneurship for biochar kilns. As, a result 33 farmers from 7 villages used the suggested Integrated Pest Management Technique and Meghdoot to harvest their second season with minimum losses.

Large cardamom (Amomum subulatum) is a vital crop and a symbol of national identity in Nepal, particularly serving as a primary source of livelihood for farmers in the eastern hill regions. In recent years, however, a noticeable decline in cardamom productivity has posed serious challenges to major growing districts. This study aims to assess farmers’ perceptions, knowledge, and management practices related to large cardamom decline in Sankhuwasabha district. A total of 84 cardamom farmers were selected using a simple random sampling technique for an in-person household survey. The results indicate that 72.6% of respondents are experiencing severe crop decline, with many plantations in critical condition. The issue has persisted for over five years. Most farmers attributed the decline primarily to pest and diseases. Alarmingly, 89.3% of growers anticipated complete orchard collapse within the next 2–3 years if the situation remains unaddressed. While farmers expressed frustration over the ineffectiveness of past interventions, 70.2% remained hopeful that improved management practices could reverse the trend. The decline has significantly affected 67.9% of orchards, though some have shown slower rates of deterioration. Notably, 76% of farmers lacked adequate awareness regarding the causes and control measures for the decline. Approximately 60% continue to follow traditional cultivation practices, with most relying on mechanical and cultural methods for disease and pest management. Limited technical knowledge and poor access to agricultural inputs were identified as major constraints to the adoption of effective management strategies.

For the last few years, cotton has been facing many constraints from sowing till harvesting. These constraints include natural, environmental, economic and marketing issues that cause severe impact on productivity and profitability of this crop. This study was conducted in Karimnagar district of Telangana to analyze the constraints in cotton cultivation and the adoption of production technologies. The Krishi Vigyan Kendra (KVK), Jammikunta, has promoted improved agricultural technologies in the district through on-farm trials, frontline demonstrations, training programs, and exposure visits. A sample of 90 farmers was surveyed to assess the key challenges in cotton production. The major constraints reported were inadequate adoption of refuge crops, high incidence of sucking pests, suboptimal plant population, and severe weed infestation. Based on these findings, the study suggests strengthening awareness on the importance of refuge crops, conducting large-scale demonstrations on stem application methods for pest management, evaluating the effectiveness of post-emergence herbicides, and prioritizing mechanization through the use of cotton pickers. The study concludes with an emphasis on increasing farmers’ awareness about reducing input costs, ensuring timely technical guidance, creating awareness on refuge crop adoption, promoting stem application methods for sucking pest management, strengthening Integrated Pest Management (IPM) practices, and providing training on efficient fertilizer use. They also highlighted the importance of evaluating and refining cotton pickers to suit local conditions, thereby mitigating labour shortages. The results provide actionable insights for enhancing productivity and sustainability of cotton cultivation in the region.

Invasive insects can cause significant economic impacts to agriculture worldwide and impact human health. Traditional pest management methods that include chemical insecticides have raised increasing environmental and health concerns, prompting the need for sustainable alternatives. The Sterile Insect Technique (SIT), which consists of releasing sterile males of a target pest to mate with wild females, is held as a promising solution. However, the success of SIT relies on the release of sterile males. The efficient separation of sexes prior to sterilization and release is necessary. This study presents SIT-ia, a software-hardware system that utilizes artificial intelligence (AI) and computer vision to automate the sex-sorting process. We showcase its use with the fruit fly pest D. suzukii. The system was able to identify males from females with a 98.6% accuracy, sorting 1000 sterile flies in ~70 min, which is nearly half the time involved in manual sorting by experts (i.e., ~112 min). This simple device can easily be adopted in SIT production protocols, improving the feasibility and efficacy of improved pest management practices.

The saw-toothed grain beetle (Oryzaephilus surinamensis L.) is a common pest that causes problems by infesting stored grains, leading to considerable post-harvest losses in both the quantity and quality of grains. Although conventional chemical insecticides are effective, they pose serious threats to environmental health and human safety because of their residual toxicity and potential to induce resistance in target pests. In response to these concerns, the present study evaluated the efficacy of selected plant extracts, Neem (Azadirachta indica), garlic (Allium sativum), eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.), and peppermint (Mentha piperita), as sustainable alternatives for managing O. surinamensis infestations in stored wheat grains. Laboratory bioassays were conducted to assess contact toxicity, repellency, and feeding deterrence at varying concentrations (2%, 4%, and 6%) over different time intervals. The findings indicated that neem extract and eucalyptus extract had the greatest insecticidal effect that causing the greatest reduction in mortality of the beetles. Feeding damage to the beetles showed a great potential as insecticidal repellents. There was an intermediate level of activity of garlic and peppermint on all parameters. These results imply that botanical insecticides made using the native plants can also be enjoyed as eco-friendly and valuable methods of pest management in the grain stores. This research will be useful in developing the current understanding of the benefits of sustainable pest management practices and facilitating the use of plant-based bioactive compounds as a substitute for synthetic chemicals.

Abstract Pests and diseases threaten mango production in Ghana, driving farmers to use pesticides as a critical adaptation strategy. However, the prevalence of unapproved pesticides raises concerns about environmental safety, food security and export compliance. This study examines mango farmers' capacity to identify approved pesticides in Ghana’s Yilo Krobo Municipality (YKM). According to the 2021 population and housing census report, YKM has a total population of 122,705 persons. A sample size of 17 was determined based on Guest et al.’s saturation threshold and Krejcie and Morgan’s method of representation. Stakeholders were purposively sampled across the mango value chain using the purposive sampling strategy for qualitative interviews comprising farmers, retailers, market women and consumers. Findings reveal that farmers rely on retailers for pesticide recommendations, with only one in five farmers aware of approved/unapproved distinctions. Challenges include illiteracy, inadequate verification tools and difficulty tracking registration renewals. Retailers, while better informed, struggle to confirm current approval status due to ambiguous regulatory communication. The study recommends practical solutions, such as barcode scanning systems, to enable real-time verification and strengthen compliance. These insights underscore the need for farmer education, technological integration and policy reforms to promote sustainable pesticide use in Ghana’s mango sector. Significance of the study What is already known on this subject? Prior research in Ghana and other developing nations indicates that pesticide application is a common pest management method in high-value crops. Although pesticides can enhance crop yields and minimise post-harvest losses, evidence shows that farmers often misuse them. Most existing studies in Ghana focus on cocoa farming, providing limited insights into mango cultivation While regulatory systems like the Environmental Protection Authority’s registration scheme are in place, weak post-registration oversight, limited farmer literacy and poor communication hamper effective enforcement. What are the new findings? This study reveals that in the Yilo Krobo Municipality, only 20% of mango farmers are aware of the distinction between approved and unapproved pesticides. Most farmers rely heavily on agrochemical retailers for recommendations, often without verifying regulatory approval or renewal status. Retailers themselves face challenges in confirming up-to-date approvals due to the lack of real-time verification tools. The study also highlights that while pesticides are indispensable for preventing severe pest damage, there is growing pest resistance and consumer concern over residue levels. A practical innovation proposed by both farmers and retailers is the introduction of barcode or mobile-based systems for instant verification of pesticide approval and renewal status. What is the expected impact on horticulture? By addressing the knowledge gaps and verification challenges identified, this study can inform policies and interventions that improve compliance with pesticide regulations in mango farming, an important component of Ghana’s horticulture sector. Implementing technological verification systems, enhancing farmer education and strengthening retailer accountability could reduce the circulation of unapproved pesticides, thereby safeguarding consumer health, protecting the environment and preserving the integrity of horticultural produce. Such measures would also enhance the competitiveness of Ghana’s mango exports by ensuring compliance with international safety standards, ultimately promoting sustainable horticultural production systems, strengthening food security and improving rural livelihoods.

Mushroom fly pests are a serious deterrent to many wood-be button mushroom producers in Zimbabwe due to their yield and quality degrading damage. Mushroom fly ubiquity is exacerbated by conducive environmental factors, arguably the rampant food and fruit waste disposal in the environment. Although modest fly pest management methods are available, expensive methods are employed to contain pest spread and the subsequent damage they cause. The aim of this exploratory study was to investigate prevalence, infestation sources, damage, seasonal severity and control methods for mushroom fly pests on button mushroom farms in four production centres of the crop. A farmer survey was conducted using a postal questionnaire to farmer respondents using a mobile phone-integrated application. This study found that sciarid and phorid fly attack button mushroom crop starting at the early spawn running phase through to the second crop flush with rapid population build up if uncontrolled. The infestations were found to be high across four surveyed sites with greatest infestations coinciding with the rainy season. Mushroom fly incidence and the damage to button mushroom were not explained by location or farmer experience, making these two variables insignificant in constructing a predictive model for the resultant fly pest incidence or crop losses experienced. Hence production practices need to be re-evaluated to develop sustainable methods of managing mushroom fly incidence and novel methods such as fly repellents, baiting or manipulation of the mating mechanisms and overwintering disruption have to be explored. From this study we found three species of mushroom fly as significant button mushroom pests in the studied areas and hence appropriate pest management measures must be taken to protect the crop to enable good quality and yield. Such adopted pest management methods will go a long way in promoting and sustaining standard agro-ecological principles.

Sugarcane borers are among the most critical constraints to cane yield and sugar recovery in India. In Andhra Pradesh, the early shoot borer (ESB), Chilo infuscatellus Snellen and the internode borer (INB), Chilo sacchariphagus indicus Kapur are the predominant pests, causing substantial yield losses. Climate change has altered the occurrence patterns, outbreak frequency and population dynamics of stem borers across various regions of Andhra Pradesh. Considering the severe damage caused by these borers, particularly during the early stages of crop development, effective pest management is essential to maintain optimal plant density and achieve high cane yield. Currently, integrated pest management (IPM) strategies are used to manage stem borers, combining chemical communication, biological control, chemical pesticides and the development of resistant varieties. Therefore, with a view to assess the impact of borer infestation on cane yield and to evaluate the efficacy of various management strategies including chemical, non-chemical, and integrated pest management (IPM) methods, a field experiment was conducted at the Research Farm of RARS, Anakapalle for two seasons. Field studies were conducted in a randomised block design comprised of four treatments and four replications at Regional Agricultural Research Station, Anakapalle during 2023-24 and 2024-25. The data on ESB were recorded at 30, 60, 90 and 120 days after planting. The data on INB, growth parameters, juice sucrose were recorded at harvest. Standard procedures were followed for the observations and statistical analysis of the data. The results revealed that more than 30% early shoot borer (ESB) incidence and 100% internode borer (INB) infestation with 26.6% intensity reduced the number of millable canes, juice sucrose, and cane weight, resulting in 18.7 per cent yield loss compared to the protected plot with IPM module (chemical + non-chemical). The IPM module significantly reduced the ESB and INB infestations and increased cane yield by 23.1% over the untreated control, achieving a benefit-cost ratio (BCR) of 2.73. In chemical and non-chemical methods alone resulted in yield increases of 19.9% and 16.7%, with BCRs of 2.69 and 2.62, respectively.

The production risks of rose petals posed challenges faced by farmers in maintaining the quality and quantity of flower production. This study aimed to analyze the sources of production risk, the priority risk agents, and the implementation of risk mitigation strategies. The research was conducted in October - November 2024 in Desa Candi, Bandungan District, Semarang Regency, Central Java. The research method used was a case study approach, with a census technique used for sampling. The sampling for this study involved 17 rose petal farmers in Desa Candi, Bandungan District. Primary data collection methods included observation and interviews, while secondary data included production data from each harvest period, along with literature from previous researchers. Descriptive analysis was performed using the ARP formula, while quantitative analysis applied Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA) and House of Risk (HOR) methods, phases one and two. Based on the analysis results KV poin is 0,4491, that the highest production risk was roses and stems attacked by pests and diseases, with a severity value of 5.35. The highest occurrence value was recorded for fruit and trees attacked by pests and diseases, with a value of 6.41. Five risk agents were identified as priorities: increased pests and diseases, fruit and trees attacked by pests and diseases, suboptimal pest and disease management, rose tree mortality/reduction, and extreme or unpredictable weather changes. Five risk mitigation strategies were identified, including routine spraying and increasing pesticide doses, which proved very effective in reducing pest attacks and maintaining plant quality. Farmers adopted mechanical and chemical control methods for pest management, as well as monitoring and replanting as responses to unpredictable weather conditions.

World agriculture continues to intensify while climate driven insect migration speeds up between geographic areas to cause agricultural producers to battle new insect pests which endanger both yield production and food safety standards. When measured comparatively pest control methods specifically chemical pesticides have demonstrated diminished operational effectiveness compared to their peak results. The increasing resistance of insects to chemical agents causes damage to helpful insect populations while disrupting ecosystem stability in natural areas. The future potential of biotechnology became evident as new sophisticated pest control systems started to emerge within the last few years. The article examines several modern control concepts including genetically altered organisms that resist insects (Bt crops) along with RNAi technologies and newer gene-editing tools like CRISPR/Cas as well as mechanisms to manage insect microorganisms and symbiotic partners. Modern pest management methods permit highly targeted control approaches which protect the environment. Several progress strategies in pest management face multiple obstacles from the potential for pest adaptation to new technologies along with complex implementation needs along with uncertain natural ecological situations and complex regulatory rules and public resistance. Future integration of ecological initiatives with biotechnological methods will unite local communities with farmers to achieve sustainable practices through supportive policy development. Multiple combined approaches indicate that sustainable pest control solutions will lead to increased effectiveness throughout future time periods.

Storage pests are a critical challenge in agriculture, contributing to significant losses in stored food products worldwide. The increasing demand for food security necessitates the development and implementation of advanced methods for pest detection and management. Traditional pest control practices often rely on harmful chemicals, which pose risks to human health and the environment. In contrast, modern approaches emphasize eco-friendly, efficient, and sustainable alternatives. These include using botanicals, natural compounds with pesticidal properties, as well as adopting modern storage structures designed for improved pest resistance. Advanced technologies enable precise monitoring and control of pest populations, reducing food loss. Moreover, novel methods like the use of bio pesticides and environmentally safe fumigants are replacing traditional chemicals to align with global sustainability goals. The future thrust in storage pest management lies in promoting research and innovation to refine existing technologies, addressing the need for large-scale adoption of efficient, cost-effective, and eco-friendly solutions. These efforts will play a vital role in ensuring food security, reducing economic losses, and safeguarding the environment.

The rice leaffolder (Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée) is a prominent pest of rice crops, resulting in substantial yield reductions globally. This study aimed to examine the effectiveness of novel systemic insecticides against C. medinalis while examining their effects on beneficial insect populations, essential for formulating sustainable pest management methods in rice agriculture. Fourteen systemic insecticides were assessed for their effectiveness against C. medinalis and their effects on beneficial insect populations. Insecticides were administered at prescribed field rates utilizing calibrated apparatus, with monitoring performed pre-treatment and at 72 hours and one-week post-treatment to evaluate pest death and the survival of beneficial insects. The pre-treatment populations of C. medinalis varied from 9.80 to 11.87 larvae per square metre, while the control group had an average of 10.87 larvae per square meter. Monitoring after treatment at 72 hours and one week indicated substantial decreases in insect numbers. Milzon 0.30% G, forecast 0.69% G, and Sirma 0.45% G shown the highest efficacy, with mortality rates of 90.72%, 88.82%, and 89.67% at 72 hours, and 95.71%, 92.88%, and 93.94% after one week, respectively. Conversely, Rector Super 0.35% G and the control group had no efficacy, with mortality rates of 79.26% and 0.00%, respectively. The survival rates of beneficial insects were highest in the control group (148.42%), followed by Forecast 0.69% G (72.06%), Milzon 0.30% G (71.66%), and Sirma 0.45% G (69.53%). The lowest survival rates were recorded for Power Drop 5.12% G (67.59%) and Agral Plus 5.44% G (65.90%). The results underscore the necessity of choosing insecticides that efficiently manage C. medinalis while reducing adverse effects on beneficial insects. It has been shown that Milzon 0.30% G, forecast 0.69% G, and Sirma 0.45% G are viable solutions for integrated pest control in rice agriculture. These alternative methods efficiently bring ecological sustainability and pest control into harmony with one another. It is recommended to conduct further research for the determination of long-term impact of these insecticides as well as to incorporate these insecticides with other pest control methods.

This article investigates the biological and ecological characteristics of the main pests found in walnut orchards in the Bostanlyk and Qibray districts of Tashkent region. The primary pests identified were codling moth (Carpocapsa pomonella), aphids (Aphis spp.), and spider mites (Tetranychus spp.). Environmentally friendly and integrated pest management methods were implemented. Chemical agents Abam Extra, Deltamethrin, and Bi-58 demonstrated high biological and economic efficiency. The study determined the resistance levels of walnut varieties to pests and developed protective measures. This research is significant for the implementation of effective and sustainable pest control systems in walnut orchards.

The use of chemicals in agriculture is a common practice to increase crop yields, but it can cause serious problems for human health and the ecosystem. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chemical use, including the health risks faced by farmers and the community and the resulting pollution. This study analyzed various sources of information on the impacts of chemicals using literature study methods, such as acute and chronic health disorders and decreased biodiversity. The results showed that although chemical pesticides can increase agricultural yields, unmanaged use can result in poisoning, pollution of water, soil, and air, and damage to the ecosystem. This study recommends the implementation of integrated pest management (IPM) methods and the use of more environmentally friendly bio-pesticides. The findings of this study are expected to provide guidance for sustainable agricultural policies and raise awareness of the health and environmental hazards caused by pesticide use in Indonesia

Bangladesh, with its large population and heavy reliance on agriculture, is particularly vulnerable to the impacts of climate change. These changes complicate traditional pest management strategies, as pests that were once seasonal or localized may now thrive year round or spread to new areas. Unpredictable weather conditions can affect pest control practices, including the effectiveness of chemical treatments and the timing of pest monitoring. This article explores the impact of climate change on pest management in Bangladesh, focusing on the vulnerabilities of the agricultural sector and the need for adaptive strategies. It discusses how climate-induced changes in temperature, rainfall, and humidity can facilitate the spread of pests, the introduction of invasive species, and the outbreak of pest populations. These changes also enhance the reproduction of pests like rice stem borers, aphids, and fruit flies, which are already damaging key crops. As pests become difficult to control with conventional methods, leading to greater reliance on chemical pesticides, which carry long-term environmental and health risks. Agricultural production and food security in Bangladesh are at serious risk due to the spread of these arthropod pests and diseases. Global warming, irregular rainfall, and extreme weather events are disrupting current pest management methods, such as cultural, biological, and chemical approaches. Therefore, promoting sustainable agricultural practices like integrated pest management, climate-smart agriculture, and biotechnological approaches is essential for mitigating the impacts of climate change on pest outbreaks. Priority should be given to the development of resistant varieties, conservation of natural enemies and development of effective forecasting models.

Abstract Insect pests are a great threat to meet the food demands for future generation. RNA interference (RNAi) is a pest management system based on homology-dependent gene silencing mechanism. Current pest management methods mainly include chemicals. RNAi has become a promising alternative to this kind of agrochemical pest control method. Recent reports have described spraying, injecting, and root absorption as better methods to use in the incorporation of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) onto plants to efficiently control insect pests. Here, we review RNA silencing-based strategies, including nanotechnology-encountered advancements that have been tested in recent years. The prospects of RNAi as a feasible and sustainable insect pest management strategy will be discussed. There are few commercial applications in use to control pests in agriculture using RNAi. Although a few more hurdles still need to be addressed with the commercial application, further technological advancements will soon enable the use of dsRNAs for insect pest control.

Rising concerns over chemical insecticides are demanding alternative pest management methods. The present study planned to explore the potential of elemental-ES, bio-sulphur-BS, compost-Cp, and compared to insecticide (Carbosulfan) and untreated controls for sustainable management of canola aphids (Brevicoryne brassicae). Split doses were more useful (screen house experiments) over single dose (in field). BS mixed with Cp provided best results to suppress aphid reproduction. Insecticide effects were instant but not long-lasting. Sulphur mixture also improved crop yield and oil contents; however, plant height was maximum in insecticide. RP-HPLC revealed activation of different phenolic defense chemicals (three flavonoids, five phenolic acids, and six hydroxycinnamic acid) in canola. Phenolic compounds were higher in sulphur-treated plants but their distribution patterns were altered in leaves, shoots, and seeds. The results could be extended to insect pests on other crops. However, further genetic studies are needed to discover the intricate pattern of sulphur resistance.

The foreign grain beetle, Ahasverus advena (Waltl) (Coleoptera: Silvanidae), has been reported from 110 countries on more than 162 commodities, more than 35 types of facilities, and 14 other habitats such as compost heaps and haystacks or manure. Compost heaps, haystacks, and manure heated by fermentation may allow overwintering in cold climates, making them important sources of infestation. From these sources the A. advena can fly and infest grain storage and processing facilities. A. advena has been found in empty grain storage bins, is often found in wheat immediately after harvest, and is most abundant early in wheat storage. Larvae and adults of A. advena are well adapted to feeding on several species of fungi and have higher chitinase levels and greater tolerance for fungal aflatoxins than other species. A. advena lay more eggs on the fungal species on which their offspring can develop most successfully. They are attracted to fungal odors and high moisture commodities and have the capability to disseminate grain fungi that cause hot spots within the grain mass. The presence of fungus beetles is indicative of poor storage conditions. A. advena is capable of feeding on some commodities and is a predator that may have a potential role in biological control. They are strong fliers but are distributed extensively with the movement of commodities in the marketing system. In countries with a zero tolerance for insects, their presence is sufficient for rejection of a load and associated economic losses. In other countries, contamination by A. advena is a problem, and in India, it is listed as a quarantine pest. Extension agents have had many requests for the identification of this species, and two other species of the same genus have been found in stored products. Some information is available for the effectiveness of nine pest management methods for A. advena.