Field-scale isotope tracing reveals combined organic fertilizer-antibiotic effects in amplifying antimicrobial resistance in the soil-lettuce continuum.

Metagenomic insights into vertical migration of soil antibiotic and metal(loid) resistance genes under long-term organic fertilizer application and irrigation.

Agronomic management practices shape soil health and crop productivity in northeastern China: Insights from a meta-analysis

Synergistic foliar titanium and soil organic fertilizer drive terpenoid-mediated microbiome assembly to restrict Cd/Pb uptake in Panax notoginseng.

Microplastic contamination in locally and industrially produced organic fertilizers: Implications for sustainable agriculture and risk mitigation.

Mitigating emitter clogging in high-sediment water drip irrigation systems through selection of appropriate organic fertilizers

Chitosan-based carbonaceous adsorbent for wastewater treatment applications.

Manure fertilizer-derived soil emerging pollutants compromises its fertility benefits for vegetable quality: At the scale of soil aggregates.

Oxalic acid enhances wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) resilience to combined abiotic stresses through integrated physiological and rhizospheric microbial modulation.

Poultry litter is widely applied as an organic fertilizer, yet concerns remain regarding the cumulative input and potential accumulation of potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in agricultural soils. This study evaluated the medium-term effects of repeated poultry litter application on pseudo-total concentrations and cumulative inputs of arsenic (As), cadmium (Cs), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), and zinc (Zn) in an acidic dystrophic Red Latosol under subtropical conditions in southern Brazil. An eight-year field experiment (2011-2018) evaluated four annual poultry litter rates (0, 4, 8, and 12 t ha⁻1) combined with dolomitic limestone application under a randomized complete block split-plot design. Baseline soil characterization, cumulative PTE mass balance, and linear mixed-effects models were integrated to assess treatment responses and environmental relevance. Despite continuous inputs, no significant accumulation of As, Cd, Cr, Cu, or Ni was detected within the evaluated 0-20cm soil layer, likely reflecting low cumulative additions relative to initial soil stocks and soil retention processes. In contrast, Zn showed significant dose-dependent accumulation in the surface layer (0-10cm), consistent with its higher cumulative input from poultry litter. Dolomitic limestone application had no detectable effect on PTE dynamics during the evaluated period, probably due to the limited increase in soil pH. Although all PTE concentrations remained below Brazilian regulatory thresholds, cumulative Zn inputs represented the largest proportional increase relative to the initial soil pool, highlighting Zn as a sensitive indicator for monitoring repeated organic amendment applications. These findings emphasize the importance of combining baseline characterization, mass balance approaches, and continued monitoring to improve environmental risk assessments of organic waste reuse in subtropical agroecosystems.

A two-season was conducted in the palm tissue culture station of orchard/horticulture department in Najaf Governorate, Iraq, from February 1st to October 1st 2024 for the first season and from February 1st to October 1st 2025 for the second season. The organic fertilization (sheep manure) at 0, 15, and 20 kg per tree, foliar spray with gibberellin at 0, 200, and 300 mg/L, and tryptophan at 0, 50, and 100 mg/L, were evaluated for their effects on ‘Barhi’ date palm growth and yield indicators. The results indicated that organic fertilization produced the greatest increase in leaf auxin and gibberellin content. In contrast, treatments with gibberellin and tryptophan resulted in comparatively smaller increases. Hormone levels in the control were approximately 20% lower than those observed in the lowest treatment. The fruit size was larger in the total interactions, but was not significantly affected by the individual treatment. However, fruit weight and cluster weight differed among the experimental factors. In general, the interaction treatment of organic fertilizer 20 kg per palm and gibberellins 300 mg/L in the presence of tryptophan 100 mg/L significantly resulted in the highest plant content of auxins (34.911 μg/g FW) and gibberellins (35.181 and 35.173 μg/g FW), fruit weight (13.020 and 11.573 g), fruit size (11.670 and 11.720 cm³), cluster weight (9.527 and 10.873 kg) and the total yield (38.109 and 38.780 kg per tree).

Bokashi is an anaerobically fermented organic fertilizer whose quality depends on the balance between carbon-rich and nitrogen-rich feedstocks. This study evaluated five bokashi formulations prepared from different proportions of leaf straw (JD) and cattle manure (PK), namely: JD100, JD75PK25, JD50PK50, JD25PK75, and PK100. Bokashi was fermented under anaerobic conditions for 21 days and assessed for temperature, moisture content, pH, organic carbon, C/N ratio, total nitrogen, P₂O₅, K₂O, and magnesium (Mg). The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design, while treatment performance was evaluated using descriptive statistics, including mean ± standard deviation, coefficient of variation, and trend analysis. Results showed that increasing the proportion of manure generally enhanced nutrient availability. Total nitrogen increased from 1.54% in JD100 to 2.72% in JD25PK75, while Mg concentration increased from 3,506 mg kg⁻¹ in JD100 to 10,999 mg kg⁻¹ in PK100. In contrast, straw-dominated formulations maintained higher organic carbon content (27.86%) and more neutral pH conditions (7.7). The C/N ratio declined from 18.10 in JD100 to 8.72 in PK100, indicating greater decomposition and compost maturity. Among the treatments, JD50PK50 exhibited comparatively balanced characteristics, combining relatively high organic carbon, moderate nutrient levels, near-neutral pH (6.8), and a moderate C/N ratio (11.48). These findings suggest that balanced straw–manure mixtures can improve bokashi maturity, nutrient retention, and chemical stability for sustainable organic fertilizer production.

Correction to: Rethinking organic fertilization in soilless systems: context, circularity and the need for a common framework

ABSTRACT Climate change is affecting the way people carry out traditional practices, as there is a need for new approaches that cater to new environmental conditions. Synthetic fertilizer use has increased worldwide as it is easy to apply and shows quicker results. However, their use can cause detrimental environmental pollution and long-term problems. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of biofertilizers and organic fertilizers on the growth performance, seedling morphology, and drought tolerance of Eucalyptus grandis seedlings. The average measured height was longer for seedlings treated with organic fertilizers than for those treated with biofertilizer and untreated seedlings. Similarly, the average number of leaves was higher for seedlings treated with organic liquid fertilizers compared to the untreated and those treated with biofertilizers under active management in the nursery. When subjected to prolonged water stress, the seedlings treated with organic fertilizers did not survive, while those treated with biofertilizers and those not treated survived. Further studies should assess the long-term water requirements and field survival of seedlings treated with liquid organic fertilizers. The experiment could be repeated over a long period to see if there is a difference in the survival of seedlings after transplant.

The accumulation of shellfish waste in Segorotambak Village due to increased seafood processing activities causes environmental problems such as bad odors, dirty environments, and polluting the coastal environment. The lack of education and understanding of the people of Segorotambak Village about processed shellshell waste products has resulted in a higher accumulation of shellfish waste. To overcome this problem, socialization and training in the manufacture of organic solid fertilizer from shellfish waste, organic waste, rice husk ash, and black soldier fly larvae (BSF) assistance as decomposition agents are important to be implemented. The implementation method includes coordination and surveys with village officials, socialization and training in making organic solid fertilizers, as well as evaluation of the effectiveness of socialization and training activities. The results of the evaluation from pre-test, post-test, and participatory observation showed that socialization and training activities succeeded in increasing the understanding of the Segorotambak village community to 94%. Cheap, easy to obtain, and simple methods cause this innovation to be easy to follow and apply by the people of Segorotambak Village. The socialization and training program for organic solid fertilizer innovation from shellfish waste not only plays a role in reducing the accumulation of organic waste, but also supports increasing soil fertility, strengthening community environmental awareness, and creating new economic opportunities.

Retraction Note: Effects of organic and chemical fertilizers on the growth, heavy metal/metalloid accumulation, and human health risk of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.).

Tomatoes are a type of fruit vegetable that has excellent prospects in agribusiness development due to its high economic value and high nutritional value. The successful growth and yield of tomato plants are greatly influenced by the condition of the planting medium and the availability of nutrients in the soil. The planting medium serves as a place for root attachment and as a provider of nutrients for plants. Therefore, selecting the right dose of organic fertilizer is very important to improve soil quality and support the growth of tomato plants. The purpose of this study was to obtain the best dose of cow manure and various planting media for the growth and yield of tomato plants. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD) with 2 factors. The first factor is the planting medium (M) which is PMK soil (M1) and sandy black soil (M2). The second factor is the dose of cow manure (D) which consists of 500 g/plant (D1), 1000 g/plant (D2), 1500 g/plant (D3) and 2000 g/plant (D4). The observation data were analyzed statistically by analysis of variance (F test). If the calculated F > F table 5%, then the difference between treatments was tested with Duncan's New Multiple Range Test (DNMRT) at a significance level of 5%. The results showed that the application of cow manure with a dose of 2000 g/plant had a significant effect on observations of plant height, number of fruits and fruit weight. The sandy black soil medium had a significant effect on observations of root length, root volume, number of fruits and fruit weight.

Spatial patterns and key drivers of available phosphorus in Yunnan tea plantation soils.

This study aimed to evaluate the vermicomposting of a 7:3 (biogas residue: poplar leaves, dry weight) mixture employing Eisenia fetida over 90 days, focusing on physicochemical evolution, humification, heavy metal dynamics, microbial community composition, and final product maturity. The results indicated that vermicomposting significantly reduced pH, total organic carbon (TOC), and organic matter (OM). The carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) ratio decreased to 12.0, meeting maturity standards. The germination index (GI) reached 88.41%, confirming the absence of phytotoxicity. Earthworm population size and total biomass increased by 60.7-fold and 25.28-fold, respectively, demonstrating excellent substrate suitability. Notably, Fe and Cu concentrations decreased significantly by 47.72% and 39.95%, respectively, owing to combined mechanisms of earthworm bioaccumulation, leaching of mobilized fractions, and organic matter mineralization. The bacterial community was dominated by Pseudomonadota, Actinomycetota, and Bacillota, while the fungal community was overwhelmingly dominated by Ascomycota (89.32%), providing a microbial explanation for efficient lignocellulose degradation and nitrogen enrichment. Scanning electron microscopy and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed the porous, granular structure and progressive stabilization of organic matter. These findings demonstrate that vermicomposting effectively converts biogas residue and poplar leaves into a stable, non-phytotoxic, and agriculturally safe organic fertilizer.

Micro(nano)plastics (MNPs) often coexist with antibiotics in soil ecosystems via organic fertilizer applications. They can be taken up and accumulated by plants, especially food crops, thereby threatening food safety. Despite increasing global concern, the distinct phytotoxic mechanisms of MNPs and their interactive dynamics with antibiotics remain dispersed. First, the uptake, translocation, and distribution of MNPs in plants are systematically synthesized. Based on the clarification of plant phenotypic and physiological responses to MNP stress, the review assesses their biochemical and molecular mechanisms, ranging from oxidative stress and antioxidant defense to signal transduction and transcriptional regulation to metabolic trade-offs. After clarifying the physicochemical interactions and cotransport mechanisms between MNPs and antibiotics, the review elucidates their combined phytotoxicity and their crucial role in antibiotic resistance gene (ARG) transmission in soil-plant systems. Finally, we identify research gaps and propose future research directions, which will facilitate the evaluation of ecological risks and the formulation of environmental regulations for copollutants.