Gamma-ray spectrometry was employed to assess the activity concentrations of primordial radionuclides (238U, 232Th, and 40K) in various construction materials, including those used for building, roofing, furnishing, flooring, and plastering. The measured activity concentrations of the radionuclides ranged as follows: 238U (25 to 477Bqkg–1), 232Th (below detection limit to 239Bqkg–1), and 40K (285 to 1915 Bq kg–1). Based on these values, the materials were categorized in descending order of radioactivity threat as: Furnishing > Roofing > Building > Flooring > Plastering. The potential radiation dose and radiological hazards to occupants from continuous exposure were estimated using risk parameters. The absorbed dose rates for flooring (217.7 nGy h–1), building (286.9 nGy h–1), furnishing (353.1 nGy h–1), roofing (322.5 nGy h–1), and plastering (176.8 nGy h–1) were all found to exceed both the world average value and the typical indoor gamma dose rate of 84 nGy h–1. This study highlights significant radiological risks to inhabitants associated with the use of certain materials in building construction. These include clay tiles for roofing, wood, specific granite varieties (reddish/brown granite), and certain types of bricks (fly ash, burnt, and AAS). Environmental ImplicationMaterials used for construction of buildings contain naturally occurring radioactive materials such as uranium, thorium, potassium and radon, which can emit radiation. The radioactivity in these materials becomes a significant concern for both health and safety as it impacts the building and its occupants. When exposed to such natural radioactivity constantly, over a period of time, the dwellers might be at significant radiological risks and by monitoring radionuclides, potential health risks can be identified early, allowing for preventive measures to be taken before significant exposure occurs. This helps protect occupants from unnecessary radiation exposure and health hazards.
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