Liquid Soap Research Articles

Experimental investigation of cassava and orange peel liquid derivatives as demulsifiers for crude oil emulsion treatment

The need for an efficient and cost-effective approach of separation of water from oil cannot be overemphasized. Effective and time-bound separation of emulsion is needed to ensure optimum production of hydrocarbons. This work investigates the effectiveness of cassava and orange peel liquid extract for demulsification. Cassava and Orange peel were processed and liquid extracted. The extracts were mixed and blended with camphor powder, liquid soap and heated at 40oC for complete dissolution. Emulsion and formulated demulsifiers (Cassava peel liquid extract, orange peel liquid extract, and Xylene) were mixed in the ratio of 90:10,80:20,70:30,60:40 mls and the water separation was measured after 20 minutes up to 140 minutes for 20 minutes interval at room temperature. Results shows that for 10 mls demulsifiers, xylene demulsifier has the least water separation at forty minutes optimum separation time while cassava peel liquid extract demulsifier gave the highest water separation at an optimum time of one hundred minutes. All the three demulsifiers had an optimum separation time of one hundred and twenty minutes for 20 mls demulsifiers addition, but cassava peel liquid extract had the highest water separation while xylene and orange peel extract gave the least water separation. Also, cassava peel liquid extract gave the highest separation at optimum time of one hundred and twenty minutes while orange peel extract demulsifier had the least water separation level at the same optimum time for 30 mls of demulsifiers. One hundred and twenty minutes was the optimum separation time for 40mls demulsifiers with cassava peel liquid extract having the highest water separation while the orange peel extract gave the least water separation. Cassava peel liquid extract demulsifier had the best performance at room temperature among the demulsifiers and recommended for higher temperature condition to verify its performance.

Transformasi Limbah Organik Menjadi Produk Bernilai Tambah: Pengembangan Sabun Cair Ramah Lingkungan

XX has been carrying out sanitation operations using soap sold on the market, which is made from chemicals and is not environmentally friendly. Chemical soap can have an impact on water pollution because the chemicals are difficult to decompose and can disrupt aquatic ecosystems and harm living creatures in them. Plus, managing chemical soap waste also requires additional costs for the company. This research is a continuation of previous studies which aimed to develop environmentally friendly products, with a focus on developing eco-enzyme based liquid soap. This research method is an experiment in the field to test theories or develop products, by applying the Cold Process method in making antiseptic liquid soap. The results of this research show that liquid soap from eco-enzyme has great potential as an environmentally friendly alternative for cleaning and is effective in inhibiting the growth of E. coli bacteria, and the organoleptic test shows that the majority of respondents gave positive responses, with 66.7% stating the color of the soap is attractive, 66.7% assessing the aroma as very good, 50% stating the cleaning quality is very good, and 46.7% assessing the amount of foam in the good category. From an economic perspective, there is a 32% cost savings from substituting liquid soap on the market with eco-enzyme liquid soap.

Manufacture of Leoria Hand Wash Soap

The development of aloe vera leaf peel products into cosmetic products has not yet been widely explored, making it an alternative natural ingredient that can be developed as an antibacterial ingredient. Butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) is a plant that contains anthocyanin pigments which have the potential to be developed as local natural dyes in various food industries. Liquid soap is a liquid preparation intended for cleaning the skin, made from soap base ingredients with added surfactants, preservatives, foam stabilizers, permitted fragrances and dyes, and can be used for bathing without irritating to the skin. This research aims to inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria. The potential results expected from making "leoria" hand washing soap are that it contains buya tongue which can inhibit the growth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria, and can also make the skin soft, not dry, and not irritate the skin.

Exploring the ecotoxicological impacts of microplastics on freshwater fish: A critical review.

Exploring the ecotoxicological impacts of microplastics on freshwater fish: A critical review.

Comprehensive evaluation of physico-chemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties in commercial soaps: A study on bar soaps and liquid hand wash.

Comprehensive evaluation of physico-chemical, antioxidant, and antimicrobial properties in commercial soaps: A study on bar soaps and liquid hand wash.

PENINGKATAN KAPASITAS MASYARAKAT DALAM UPAYA PENCEGAHAN INFEKSI KULIT DAN PRODUKTIVITAS EKONOMI MELALUI PELATIHAN PEMBUATAN SABUN-VCO DI DESA MINAESA MINAHASA UTARA

Considering skin disorders can now spread through a variety of media, it is crucial for the public to understand skin health issues. Skin conditions are now among the most prevalent illnesses in coastal towns. People who live near the coast are more likely to experience skin health issues. Numerous elements, such as humidity, sun exposure, personal cleanliness, and water quality, contribute to this. The goal of this project is to teach the Minaesa Village community how to make liquid soap from VCO and to educate them about personal hygiene. On-the-job training is the approach used in the PKM. Direct field visits, identifying the partners' issues and requirements, offering solutions, conducting activities to satisfy the partners' needs, and evaluation are all part of this approach. The pH of the VCOLS soap manufactured is 7, which means that it satisfies quality criteria. According to the evaluation's findings, participants' knowledge increased by 86.5%. More than 82.2% of participants expressed pleasure with the VCOLS soap, according to the evaluation of the satisfaction questionnaire about the created soap, while 17.8% expressed no opinion. The findings of the perception survey of the VCOLS soap, on the other hand, indicate that no one itched after using it, 70% thought it was non-greasy, and 67.7% thought it was hydrating. The evaluation's findings indicate that participants' knowledge of skin care and soap-making methods has grown. According to the results of the perception questionnaire, participants have successfully produced liquid soap from VCO that satisfies quality standards. It is also envisaged that the expertise offered, particularly in the creation of liquid soap from VCO, can be further enhanced through the community service activities in Minaesa Village.

Traction Performance of Footwear on Slippery Hospital Floorings

Slips and fall-related accidents cause a significant number of injuries in hospitals. Due to constant movement of doctors and nurses across different departments in hospitals such as OPD, trauma centres, and ICUs, there are possible interactions of their footwear with slippery floorings (e.g., wet or with soap suds), which may cause unexpected slips. To date, there is a lack of understanding on the traction of different footwear worn by hospital staff. This impedes the selection of appropriate floorings and footwear for preventing slips and falls in hospitals. In this work, the traction performances of twelve common footwear designs, worn by hospital staff, were tested on three different floorings at important locations, i.e., an outpatient department, trauma centre, and ICU entrance, at a busy public hospital. Oblique tread patterns are recommended for moderately rough floors under dry and Lizol conditions. Horizontally oriented patterns are better for smoother floors in dry conditions, while vertically oriented patterns are ideal for areas with frequent contaminant exposure. No specific recommendation can be made for soap-contaminated floors due to the contaminant’s high viscosity. The results also indicated the strong influence of flooring roughness on the measured traction, over footwear tread parameters. Also, liquid soaps were observed to significantly reduce footwear–floor traction. The findings are anticipated to be valuable to hospital management for the selection of appropriate high-traction floorings, and provide important guidelines for footwear selection, for the mitigation of slips and falls in hospitals.

FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ALOE VERA GEL LIQUID SOAP PREPARATION (Aloe vera L.) WITH VARIOUS VEGETABLE OILS

Aloe vera is one of the plants that is very easy to find in Indonesia. This plant is rich in saponins, lignin, vitamins, and enzymes. Liquid soap is made through a saponification reaction of oil reacted with KOH. This study aims to make a liquid soap formulation from Aloe vera gel with three oil variations: sesame, corn, and soybean oil, and their evaluation test. Aloe vera gel is obtained by peeling the skin of Aloe vera leaves and then taking the gel. Furthermore, the aloe vera gel obtained is made in the form of a liquid soap preparation by hot means where the oil is directly reacted with an alkaline solution at a temperature of 50ºC until it gets a soap base. The evaluation of liquid soap includes an organoleptic test, pH, foam height and stability, and viscosity carried out for 28 days of storage time. The results showed that liquid soap preparations made from cream-colored aloe vera gel, in the form of a thick liquid and a distinctive smell from oil, had a pH of 9.4 – 9.7, and the height and stability of the foam at t0 minutes between 30 mm – 93 mm and t5 minutes between 25 mm – 500 mm, viscosity 1133.0 cP – 1133.7 cP. Based on the results of the evaluation test, it can be concluded that liquid soap preparations from Aloe vera gel with three oil variations can produce good liquid soap because it has met the requirements of the organoleptic test, pH, viscosity, and foam height and stability.

Peningkatan Kapasitas Warga RW 02 Kelurahan Pancoran melalui Edukasi dan Pelatihan Pemanfaatan Minyak Jelantah

The Central Statistics Agency (BPS) stated that domestic cooking oil consumption increased by 2.32% per year in the household sector from 2015 to 2020. According to a survey, 95% (n=20) of residents of RW 02, Pancoran Village, South Jakarta are one of the producers of used cooking oil from kitchen activities and 70% do not know how to process used cooking oil into useful products. Used cooking oil that is not managed properly can pollute the environment and is harmful to health if consumed repeatedly. On the other hand, used cooking oil has great potential benefits in various sectors. The purpose of this community service activity is to provide education and training to residents about the management of used cooking oil and how to process used cooking oil waste into useful derivative products containing ecoenzyme. The method used is by distributing questionnaires, education and training in making aromatherapy candles and liquid soap containing ecoenzyme. The indicator of activity achievement is that participants have independently produced aromatherapy candles for a bazaar with better quality. The results of the questionnaire after the training stated that all training participants (100%, n = 14) had understood how to manage used cooking oil properly, had understood how to make used cooking oil derivative products and were interested in making it a business.

IMPROVING ENTREPRENEURSHIP KNOWLEDGE OF STUDENTS IN MEULABOH STATE VOCATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL 3 WITH LIQUID DISH WASHER SOAP MAKING TRAINING

Liquid dishwashing soap is a liquid solution that contains surfactants that function to remove dirt, grease, and food residue from the surface of eating utensils such as plates, glasses, etc. The need for liquid dishwashing soap is increasing because it is easier to use, cleaner, and more hygienic. Currently, many basic ingredients for making liquid dishwashing soap are sold on the market, so people can make their own so that it is more economical and easier to obtain. This activity aims to improve the entrepreneurial spirit of vocational school students so that they can produce dishwashing soap products and market them through schools so that they can produce independent students after completing their schooling at vocational school by selling the liquid dishwashing soap products to the market or surrounding housewives. The training method for making dish soap products is the Production Based Training (PBT) method, a learning model that emphasizes direct practice and production. In this training, students will use materials and work tools in a simulated environment. This method is also carried out using theory classes, practical demonstrations, and guided exercises. In this training, liquid dishwashing soap was directly made using the necessary ingredients such as Texapon, Email Needle, Natrium Chloride (NaCl), Anti-Bacterial, Perfume Seeds, liquid/powder dye, and Mineral Water. This training process produces approximately 20 liters of liquid dishwashing soap. Apart from that, this dishwashing soap also has quite a large economic value so it can be a solution to improve the community's economy at a lower price compared to the price of factory production which is already sold on the market. This training can provide enthusiasm and stimulate entrepreneurship to vocational high school students.

FORMULASI DAN EVALUASI FISIK SABUN CAIR EKSTRAK DAUN SAGA (ABRUS PRECATORIUS L.) DENGAN VARIASI KOH

Soap is often combined with sodium and potassium salt formulations of fatty acids derived from vegetable oils or animal fats. This study discusses the needs of the skin such as the manufacture of liquid soap with natural ingredients saga leaves. The research method used is by maceration method with 70% ethanol solvent soaked for 3 days at room temperature stirred every 8 hours. The purpose of the research that has been done is the formulation and evaluation of liquid soap preparation from saga leaf extract (Abrus Precatorius L.). Quality testing includes organoleptic test, pH test, viscosity test and foam height Test. Organoleptic test results showed that liquid soap is yellow, rancid odor, fine texture, pH test obtained all the results exceed the requirements of SNI 8-11, viscosity test all the results obtained are too low than the requirements of SNI is 400-4000cps and high foam test results obtained also do not meet the requirements of SNI is about 13-220 mm

Improving The Creative Economy Through Training in Making Aloe Vera Dish Liquid Soap with Participatory Rural Appraisal Method

This community service program is carried out to improve skills for the women of the Bekasi Ta'lim Bakormata Council as a training program for making liquid dish soap to enhance the community's creative economy in increasing family needs. This method of service uses Participatory Rural Appraisal. The training participants of the partner group amounted to 50 people. The implementation is carried out in stages, with lecture methods, direct practice, and mentoring, which takes 3 months. The results of this program showed a significant increase in the enthusiasm of participants in the training by 45% succeeded in showing excellent results, the activity was carried out in groups, then it could be used as a home business, as evidenced by the sales of 500 bottles, with a unit price of Rp.10,000, per bottle. This training has also succeeded in encouraging local economic diversification, improving welfare, and strengthening the creative economy's potential at the Ta'lim Bakormata Assembly. This program can be a model adopted by other assemblies in the surrounding community.

Evaluation of Antibacterial Property of Liquid Soap Made from Blend of Neem and Pine Oil

Evaluation of Antibacterial Property of Liquid Soap Made from Blend of Neem and Pine Oil

Application of chlorous acid water for disinfection of surgical site in dairy cows.

Disinfection is crucial for preventing surgical site infections. Recently, the effectiveness of sanitizers using chlorous acid (HClO2) under conditions rich in organic matter has been reported, and chlorous acid water (CAW) has been approved as a food additive. This study evaluated the potential of CAW as a new presurgical disinfectant for cattle. The experiments were performed on the paralumbar fossa of cattle in Sapporo during March (winter to spring) and August (summer). Colony-forming units (CFUs) of standard plate count bacteria (SPCB), Enterococcus faecalis (EF), Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus spp. (SP) were analyzed as indicators of bacterial load. SPCB and SP were abundantly detected, exceeding 6 log10 CFU/100 g on clipped hair and 6 log10 CFU/100 cm2 on the skin immediately after clipping, with no significant seasonal differences. The bacterial load on the skin was evaluated at three time points: after clipping, cleansing, and disinfection. Clipping and cleansing with liquid soap were common procedures, following this, either the standard disinfection protocol using 7.5% iodine scrub for 1 min, 10% povidone-iodine for 5 min, and 70% alcohol for 5 min (SPA), or a modified protocol using CAW with contact times of 15, 10, or 5 min (CAW15, CAW10, CAW5) were performed separately. The cleansing procedure significantly reduced the SPCB, EF, and SP on the skin after clipping, and all disinfection methods significantly decreased the SP after cleansing. Draping significantly enhanced the disinfection efficiency of the SPA, CAW10, and CAW5 protocols. The CAW procedure did not alter skin histology in the paralumbar fossa or udder compared to 10% povidone-iodine or 70% alcohol. Our data suggest that the disinfection method using CAW is useful and comparable to routine disinfection methods and might reduce the time required for presurgical disinfection in farm fields.

Nutraceuticals from Bushland: Determination of Medicinal Value of Malaysian Wild Herbs for Proposed Hygienic Travel Soap

Medicinal plants have been used in traditional medicine for centuries due to their phytochemical components and medicinal properties. In this study, wild herbs Oldenlandia corymbosa (Lidah Ular), Striga asiatica (Jarum Mas) and Phyllanthus niruri (Dukung Anak) were collected from Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia, dried, and grounded. The powdered samples were extracted using hot water, ethyl acetate and ethanol for 48 hours. Phytochemical analysis revealed antioxidants such as flavonoids and phenolics in all extracts, while resins were present only in the ethanolic extracts, and steroids were absent. ATR-FTIR analysis identified key functional groups, including hydroxyls, lipids, alkanes, amino acids, benzoic compounds and phenols. Additionally, the study aimed to develop a portable, easy-to-use travel soap to promote frequent handwashing. Since liquid soap and bar soap each have their own limitations, this travel soap was invented to make it easier for users. Oils from Oldenlandia corymbosa, Striga asiatica and Phyllanthus niruri were used to replace palm oil in the saponification process. The soap, shaped like a ball, allows for easier use than traditional soap and can be rolled between the fingers to effectively clean all parts of the hands and remove germs.

Gerakan Pemberdayaan dan Peningkatan Pengetahuan Petugas Fasility Care Sebagai Upaya Penerapan Higiene Dan Sanitasi Lingkungan yang Baik di Kampus FKIK Universitas Jambi

Environmental sanitation issues in Jambi Province include: the population with access to proper sanitation facilities in 2019 only reached 88.56% of the population in the Jambi Province area, sanitation of public places that meet health requirements only reached 63.11%, and food processing places that meet health requirements are still below 70% of the achievement. Therefore, cross-sector efforts are needed to improve environmental sanitation, but it is also necessary to pay attention to hygiene behavior which is also closely related to sanitation against the occurrence of a disease. The results of the implementation of community service activities in the FKIK Unja campus environment targeting facility care officers are increasing after knowledge about good hygiene and sanitation after socialization. Efforts to form hygienic behavior in the FKIK campus environment have been carried out by empowering officers through the provision of liquid soap for washing hands (CTPS), installing CTPS promotional stickers, and sorting to processing waste. Waste sorting activities have also been carried out by officers using trash bags that have been provided according to the type of waste including organic and inorganic, B3, and waste with economic value.

Formulation of Antibacterial Liquid Soap Based on Butterfly Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) Extract with Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Technique

Formulation of Antibacterial Liquid Soap Based on Butterfly Pea Flower (Clitoria ternatea L.) Extract with Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Technique

Liquid Soap Formulation from Cocoa Pod Husk Extract (Theobroma Cacao L.) and Antioxidant Activity

Liquid soap is a cleaning agent made from synthetic surfactants, including anionic surfactants combined with amphoteric and nonionic surfactants; it can be supplemented with other additives that do not cause skin irritation. The active ingredient or substance, which can function as an antiseptic, antioxidant, or other significant roles, is an equally important component in soap making. Cocoa pod husk waste is one natural ingredient that can serve as an active substance in soap making. Cocoa husks contain flavonoids, alkaloids, tannins, saponins, and triterpenoids. The cocoa pod husk extract has very strong antioxidant activity and also possesses antibacterial activity. This research aims to determine the formulation and physical stability of liquid soap made from cocoa pod husk extract, as well as its antioxidant activity. The study commenced by extracting cocoa pod husk using the maceration method, which yielded a concentrated extract, and then proceeded with phytochemical analysis. Subsequently, we carried out the formulation of liquid soap, evaluated its homogeneity, organoleptic characteristics, pH, viscosity, specific gravity, foam height, and stability testing, and assessed its antioxidant activity. The evaluation results indicated that the liquid soap with cocoa pod husk extract had good physical properties in terms of homogeneity, organoleptic characteristics, pH, viscosity, specific gravity, and foam height. The results of the antioxidant activity test showed that the higher the concentration of cacao pod extract in the liquid soap, the lower the IC50 value. In formula V, the liquid soap with a 4% concentration of cacao pod extract obtained an IC50 value of 44.5.

Yoghurt and Fennel Leaves Extract Based Liquid Soap Production Workshop at Al Ilyas Arjasari Boarding School In Bandung

Yoghurt and Fennel Leaves Extract Based Liquid Soap Production Workshop at Al Ilyas Arjasari Boarding School In Bandung

Formulasi Sediaan Sabun Cair Cuci Tangan Kombinasi Minyak Atsiri Daun Kemangi dan Minyak Atsiri Sereh Wangi serta Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri

Liquid hand soap is a cleaning product specifically designed to clean hands from dirt, oil, and microorganisms. The study aims to provide evidence of antibacterial efficacy with a combination of basil leaf essential oil and citronella essential oil on Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria in hand washing liquid soap formulations. The type of research used is experimental. Essential oils were analyzed by GC-MS and then through formulation as hand washing liquid soap with each concentration of 1%, 1.5%, and 2%. The test results were evaluated, and analyzed using Two Way ANOVA and Post Hoc Tukey.The results of this study showed that the GC-MS test on basil leaf essential oil showed 2 main compounds were detected, namely Estragole (55.80%) and Linalool (22.35%), while in citronella essential oil 3 main compounds were detected, namely Geraniol (26.49%), Citronellol (14.53%), and Citronellal (10.95%). And the results of antibacterial activity tests against Escherichia coli bacteria show each inhibition zone FI 9.32 mm, FII 10.72 mm, and FIII 14.45 mm. While against Staphylococcus aureus bacteria showed each inhibition zone FI 8.75 mm, FII 10.42 mm, and FIII 13.57 mm. For stability tests with temperature (2-8oC) and room temperature (20-25oC), the hand washing liquid soap formulation does not show homogeneous changes, organoleptic preparations, has a pH range of 8.87 - 9.04, has a viscosity consistency that has met the standards between 400-4000 cPs, foam height that meets the standards between 13-220 mm and does not cause irritation to the hands. In brief, the formulation is stable in both temperature (2-8oC) and room temperature (20-25oC) with strong inhibition at 2% concentration.