Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Scores Research Articles

Knowledge, attitude and practice of poststroke depression among patients with poststroke depression and their family members in Heilongjiang Province, China: a cross-sectional study

ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of poststroke depression (PSD) among patients with PSD and their family members.DesignWeb-based cross-sectional study.SettingThis study was conducted in Heilongjiang...

Development and validation of a nomogram to predict medication risk based on a knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) survey of residents in Shanxi Province, China.

Unsafe medication practices and medication errors are a major cause of harm in healthcare systems around the world. This study aimed to explore the factors that influence the risk of medication and provide medication risk evaluation model for adults in Shanxi province, China. The data was obtained from the provincial questionnaire from May to December 2022, relying on the random distribution of questionnaires and online questionnaires by four hospitals in Shanxi Province. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to explore the factors affecting the KAP score of residents. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the independent risk factors, and the nomogram was verified by receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration and decision curve analysis. A total of 3,388 questionnaires were collected, including 3,272 valid questionnaires. The average scores of drugs KAP were 63.2 ± 23.04, 33.05 ± 9.60, 23.67 ± 6.75 and 33.16 ± 10.87, respectively. On the evaluation criteria of the questionnaire, knowledge was scored "fair", attitude and practice were scored "good". Sex, monthly income, place of residence, insurance status, education level, and employment were regarded as independent risk factors for medication and a nomogram was established by them. Males, low-income, and low-educated people are important factors affecting the risk of medication. The application of the model can help residents understand the risk of their own medication behavior and reduce the harm of medication.

Association Between the Improvement of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Hypertension Prevention and Blood Pressure Control-A Cluster Randomized Controlled Study.

Hypertension-related knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of hypertensive patients can affect the awareness, treatment and control of hypertension. However, little attention has been paid to the association between the change of hypertension preventive KAP and blood pressure (BP) control in occupational population using longitudinal data. We assess the effectiveness of a workplace-based multicomponent hypertension intervention program on improving the level of KAP of hypertension prevention, and the association between improvement in KAP and BP control during intervention. From January 2013 to December 2014, workplaces across 20 urban regions in China were randomized to either the intervention group (n = 40) or control group (n = 20) using a cluster randomized control method. All employees in each workplace were asked to complete a cross-sectional survey to screen for hypertension patients. Hypertension patients in the intervention group were given a 2-year workplace-based multicomponent hypertension intervention for BP control. The level of hypertension prevention KAP and BP were assessed before and after intervention in the two groups. Overall, 3331 participants (2658 in the intervention group and 673 in the control group) were included (mean [standard deviation] age, 46.2 [7.7] years; 2723 men [81.7%]). After 2-year intervention, the KAP qualified rate was 63.2% in the intervention groups and 50.1% in the control groups (odds ratio = 1.65, 95% CI, 1.36∼2.00, P < .001). Compared with the control group decreased in the qualified rate of each item of hypertension preventive KAP questionnaire, all the items in the intervention group increased to different degrees. The increase of KAP score was associated with the decrease of BP level after intervention. For 1 point increase in KAP score, systolic blood pressure (SBP) decreased by .28mmHg and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) decreased by .14mmHg [SBP: β = -.28, 95%CI: -.48∼-.09, P = .004; DBP: β = -.14, 95%CI: -.26∼-.02, P = .024]. SBP and DBP was significantly in manual labor workers (SBP: β = -.34, 95%CI: -.59∼-.09, P = .008; DBP: β = -.23, 95%CI: -.38∼-.08, P = .003), workers from private enterprise, state-owned enterprise (SOE) (SBP: β = -.40, 95%CI: -.64∼-.16, P = .001; DBP: β = -.21, 95%CI: -.36∼-.06, P = .005) and a workplace with an affiliated hospital (SBP: β = -.31, 95%CI: -.52∼-.11, P = .003; DBP: β = -.16, 95%CI: -.28∼-.03, P = .016). The improvement of knowledge (SBP: β = -.29, 95%CI: -.56∼-.02, P = .038; DBP: β = -.12, 95%CI: -.29∼.05, P = .160), as well as attitude (SBP: β = -.71, 95%CI: -1.25∼-.18, P = .009; DBP: β = .18, 95%CI: -.23∼.59, P = .385) and behavior (SBP: β = -.73, 95%CI: -1.22∼-.23, P = .004; DBP: β = -.65, 95%CI: -.97∼-.33, P < .001) was gradually strengthened in relation to BP control. This study found that workplace-based multicomponent hypertension intervention can effectively improve the level of hypertension preventive KAP among employees, and the improvement of KAP levels were significantly associated with BP control. Chinese Clinical Trial Registry No. ChiCTR-ECS-14004641.

Effects of an intervention program to improve mental health and epilepsy care in Madagascar

BackgroundDespite the high prevalence of mental disorders and epilepsy in low- and middle-income countries, nearly 80% of patients are not treated. In Madagascar, initiatives to improve access to epilepsy and mental health care, including public awareness and training of general practitioners (GPs), were carried out between 2013 and 2018. Our study's main objective was to assess the effectiveness of these initiatives, two to five years post-intervention. MethodsThis quasi-experimental study (intervention vs. control areas) included five surveys assessing: general population's Knowledge Attitudes and Practices (KAP), GPs' KAP GPs, number of epilepsy and mental health consultations at different levels of the healthcare system, diagnostic accuracy, and treatments' availability. OutcomesIn the general population, KAP scores were higher in intervention areas for epilepsy (11.4/20 vs. 10.3/20; p = 0.003). For mental disorders, regardless of the area, KAP scores were low, especially for schizophrenia (1.1/20 and 0.1/20). Among GPs, KAP scores were higher in intervention areas for schizophrenia (6.0/10 vs. 4.5/10; p = 0.008) and epilepsy (6.9/10 vs. 6.2/10; p = 0.044). Overall, there was a greater proportion of mental health and epilepsy consultations in intervention areas (4.5% vs 2.3%). Although low, concordance between GPs' and psychiatrists' diagnoses was higher in intervention areas. There was a greater variety of anti-epileptic and psychotropic medications available in intervention areas. InterpretationThis research has helped to better understand the effectiveness of initiatives implemented in Madagascar to improve epilepsy and mental health care and to identify barriers which will need to be addressed. FundingSanofi Global Health, as part of the Fight Against STigma Program.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Towards Psoriasis Among Patients and Their Family Members.

KAP studies serve to enhance health consciousness and furnish foundational data for appraising, strategizing, and enacting disease management and prejudice eradication initiatives. There remains a dearth of published studies elucidating the dimensions of knowledge, attitudes, and practices among psoriasis patients in China. To investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) towards psoriasis among patients and their family members in Northern China. This web-based, cross-sectional study was conducted among psoriasis patients and their family members through a self-administered questionnaire. Among patients (n=260), their mean KAP scores were 9.76±5.69 (range: 0-19), 35.64±11.48 (range: 14-70), and 56.73±10.98 (range: 16-80), respectively. Among family members (n=237), their mean KAP scores were 11.93±5.34 (range: 0-19), 35.80±4.34 (range: 8-40), and 37.04±4.38 (range: 8-40), respectively. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis for patients indicated significant and negative path relations between knowledge and attitudes (β=-2.271, P<0.001), and between knowledge and practice (β=-0.398, P<0.001). Extended SEM analysis, which divides knowledge into K1, K2, and K3 parts, showed negative path relations between K3 and attitude (β=-1.300, P=0.002), between attitude and practice (β=-0.634, P<0.001). Moreover, SEM for family members showed positive path relations between knowledge and attitude (β=1.536, P<0.001), between attitude and practice (β=0.682, P<0.001). Patients in Northern China demonstrated insufficient knowledge, negative attitude, and proactive practice, while their family members had insufficient knowledge, positive attitude, and proactive practice toward psoriasis. It is recommended to implement educational interventions addressing knowledge gaps among patients and families.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices Toward Physical Literacy Among the College Students During COVID-19 School Closure.

To investigate the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) among college students toward physical literacy during COVID-19 school closure. This web-based cross-sectional study was conducted between December 9th, 2022 and December 24th, 2022 among college students during COVID-19 school closure. A self-designed questionnaire was developed to collect demographic information of the college students, and assess their KAP toward physical literacy. A total of 969 students were recruited, with mean age of 18.73±0.97 years. The majority were male (54.70%), urban residents (78.02%), majoring in engineering (58.00%), and having exercise habits (61.09%). The mean KAP scores were 6.57±0.95, 32.63±4.07, and 27.06±7.23, respectively. Positive associations were identified between knowledge and attitude (OR = 2.01, 95% CI: 1.52-2.66, P < 0.001), and between attitude and practice (OR = 1.17, 95% CI: 1.12-1.22, P < 0.001). A bachelor's degree and being in the sophomore year were positively associated with knowledge (OR = 1.51-4.05, all P < 0.05). Urban residence and being in the sophomore year were negatively associated with attitude (OR = 0.43-0.59, all P < 0.05), while having daily exercise habits showed the opposite trend (OR = 1.85, 95% CI: 1.33-2.57, P < 0.001). Father's education level of high school and technical secondary school (OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.37-0.93, P = 0.023) and having daily exercise habits (OR = 3.88, 95% CI: 2.72-5.55, P < 0.001) were associated with practice. College students had sufficient knowledge, moderate attitudes and negative practices towards physical literacy during COVID-19 school closure. The findings hold significant potential for developing educational programs, fostering healthier lifestyles and promoting mental well-being among college students during public health outbreaks.

Knowledge, attitude and practice of contraceptive methods among women with an unplanned pregnancy

ObjectivesThe study aimed to investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of contraceptive methods among women with an unplanned pregnancy, aiming to improve their reproductive health and increase their understanding...

Assessing COVID-19 knowledge, attitudes, and practices among hospital employees: identifying sociodemographic determinants for improved public health strategies.

The working environment of healthcare institution during pandemic puts all hospital employees at high-risk of being exposed to contagious infections. An individual's behavior and response are largely determined by their level of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) toward a disease. Therefore, the present study aimed to evaluate and assess the KAP toward COVID-19 among hospital employees working in various positions and to identify the sociodemographic determinants associated with the level of KAP. A cross-sectional survey was conducted from July 1 to July 15, 2020 in Almoosa Specialist Hospital, Alhasa, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia in which 221 hospital employees with varied job titles participated. The data for demographics and history of COVID-19 exposure, KAP related to COVID-19 spread and prevention were collected online using a web-based platform (Survey Monkey). Student's t-test/One-way ANOVA were used to compare total mean and standard deviation of KAP scores with demographic profiles and history of exposure. 89.1% employees knew that COVID-19 virus is mostly transmitted from human-to-human, and 76.0% employees acknowledged droplet transmission. 64.7% employees preferred to take a sick person with unconfirmed COVID-19 to a health facility. Physicians had higher knowledge scores for COVID-19 infection and non-medical employees had the lowest scores (7.47 ± 1.23 and 6.47 ± 1.44, respectively). Nurses had the highest practice scores and non-medical employees lowest practice score (6.16 ± 0.74 and 5.37 ± 1.14, respectively). Attitude scores were similar among all the employees. All employees reported an increase in hand-washing frequency and physical contact avoidance. The study results revealed socio-demographic factors; level of education, nationality, and field of service are associated with COVID-19 KAP. The study highlights that there is a gap in the level of knowledge about COVID-19, especially among nonmedical employees. Targeted interventional programs need to be planned and implemented to improve COVID-19 awareness among non-medical employees.

Meat safety knowledge, attitude and practices of slaughterhouse workers in Kajiado, Kenya.

A major contributor to the poor meat safety status in Kenya is low level of slaughter hygiene knowledge and practices among slaughterhouse workers. The study determined knowledge, attitude and practices (KAPs) of workers from 7 small and medium slaughterhouses in Kajiado County on slaughter hygiene and meat safety. Semi-structured questionnaires were administered to 78 workers, managers and meat inspectors. Majority (92.3%) of workers lacked slaughter hygiene and meat safety training. Workers had high knowledge with an overall mean score of 19.2±2 out of 24, high personal hygiene scores (9.9±0.8 out of 11), moderate carcass contamination scores (4.2±0.8 out of 6), meat-borne illness score (3.1±1 out of 4) and temperature intervention scores (2.1±0.6 out of 3). Moderate and high scores were recorded in attitude and practices and differed significantly across slaughterhouses (p<0.05) with a mean of 33±5 out of 40 and 59.3±3.5 out of 65, respectively. There was no significant difference in KAP scores between trained and untrained workers. Carcass decontamination practices by workers differed from that of the meat inspector. Surface and handheld equipment sanitization practices were observed as poor. Medical testing practice was poor and significantly different across slaughterhouses (p<0.001) with infection rates of zoonoses and occupational hazards as high as 33% in some slaughterhouses. The study concluded that although high knowledge and neutral attitude were scored by slightly more than half of the workers, poor practices were reported and observed in carcass decontamination, equipment and facility sanitization and worker medical examination. Slaughter facilities in Kajiado County have an opportunity to offer their workers role-specific training, the provision of personal protective equipment, hygiene and sanitation facilities and strict oversight of worker medical testing.

Knowledge, attitude and practice toward oral anticoagulants among patients with atrial fibrillation.

Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common cardiac arrhythmia that increases the risk of stroke and other cardiovascular complications. Oral anticoagulants (OACs) are effective in reducing this risk. To investigate the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) toward OACs among patients with AF. This web-based cross-sectional study was conducted at local Hospital between April 2023 and May 2023, and enrolled AF patients. A total of 491 valid questionnaires were collected, with 293 (59.67%) male and 73.93% resided in urban areas. The KAP scores were 4.64 ± 3.28, 21.09 ± 2.33 and 26.18 ± 2.15, respectively. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that junior high school [odd ratio (OR) = 0.346, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.145-0.825, P = 0.017], junior college/bachelor and above (OR = 6.545, 95% CI = 2.863-14.963, P < 0.001), monthly income ≥5,000 (OR = 2.343, 95% CI = 1.074-5.111, P = 0.032), never taken OACs (OR = 0.015, 95% CI = 0.004-0.059, P < 0.001), and having been diagnosed AF (6-10 months, OR = 4.003, 95% CI = 1.653-9.692, P = 0.002;over 20 months, OR = 4.046, 95% CI = 1.753-9.340, P = 0.001) were independently associated with knowledge. Knowledge (OR = 1.376, 95% CI = 1.162-1.629, P < 0.001), junior high school (OR = 0.258, 95% CI = 0.084-0.792, P = 0.018), monthly income ≥5,000 (OR = 5.486, 95% CI = 1.834-16.412, P = 0.002), and never undergone AF ablation (OR = 0.214, 95% CI = 0.097-0.471, P < 0.001) were independently associated with attitude. Knowledge (OR = 1.128, 95% CI = 1.030-1.235, P = 0.009), 70-79 years (OR = 2.193, 95% CI = 1.166-4.124, P = 0.015) and ≥80 years (OR = 4.375, 95% CI = 2.034-9.411, P < 0.001) were independently associated with proactive practice. Patients with AF had inadequate knowledge, suboptimal attitude and inactive practice towards AF and OACs. Improving patient education, especially among those with lower education levels, enhances understanding and management of AF and OACs.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices of oral HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) among healthcare workers in the Ekurhuleni District, South Africa.

Prevention of new HIV infections is crucial for controlling the HIV epidemic. Despite HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) being one of the highly effective approaches to preventing HIV, and being freely available through primary healthcare clinics (PHCs), the uptake of HIV PrEP in South Africa (SA) is low. To understand knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAPs) of healthcare workers responsible for generating demand for HIV PrEP services, or identifying clients eligible for HIV PrEP services in PHCs in Ekurhuleni District, South Africa. We conducted a cross-sectional interviewer-administered survey among healthcare workers from 45 randomly selected PHCs in Ekurhuleni District. We collected information on participant characteristics and their KAPs regarding HIV PrEP service delivery. KAP scores were developed using a priori cut-off points and participants were categorised into binary levels of KAPs. We performed descriptive and multivariable logistic regression analysis in line with the study objectives. We enrolled 160 study participants from 1 May to 30 June 2022. About two-thirds of the participants (64.4%) were highly knowledgeable about HIV PrEP, and 58.1% self-reported practices that were considered to be good. Notably, 73.1% of participants had negative attitudes toward HIV PrEP delivery. Participants who were aged >50 years had poor HIV PrEP knowledge (adjusted odds ratio (aOR) 0.1; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.0 - 0.4; p=0.01) compared with participants <30 years old. Participants aged 30 - 40 years had poor HIV knowledge although their association is not statistically significant. Nurses had higher HIV PrEP knowledge (aOR 11.1; 95% CI 3.8 - 32.4, p<0.001) compared with health promoters. Both nurses (aOR=0.2, 95% CI 0.1 - 0.6; p<0.001) and HIV testing service counsellors (aOR 0.3; 95% CI 0.1 - 0.9; p=0.02) had negative attitudes toward HIV PrEP, compared with health promoters. Nurses had better practices in HIV PrEP delivery compared with health promoters (aOR 2.5; 95% CI 1.0 - 5.9; p=0.04). Among the healthcare workers tasked with generating demand and identifying clients eligible for HIV PrEP services, low knowledge of HIV PrEP and negative attitudes towards HIV PrEP may be barriers to the uptake of HIV PrEP. Training healthcare workers on HIV PrEP is recommended.

Evaluating modified effects of family factors on intervention to protect primary school students from the impact of heatwave

Identifying the factors that may impact intervention effectiveness of primary students is crucial for developing targeted intervention strategies on heatwave adaption. The purpose of the study was to assess how the family factors could affect the intervention effects of primary school students to adapt heatwave, using the data from a previously conducted primary school-based intervention study. The study recruited 648 students (9–13 years old) and their parents from two primary schools in Dongtai of Jiangsu province, China. From May to September 2017, a 5-mon intervention for enhancing knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) was implemented at the intervention school. The students' KAP scores and the family-related information were measured by designed self-administered questionnaires at intervention school and control school separately before and after intervention. The effects of the intervention were explored through the propensity score matching and difference-in-difference method (PSM-DID), and stratified analysis were conducted by family factors. The overall KAP score increased by 2.391 (95% CI: 1.881, 2.902) after intervention, which shows that the intervention was effective. The students whose parents with higher school educational attainment, parents with employment, and household number ≤3 achieved significantly higher increment of KAP scores than their counterparts. Although students whose parents in marriage achieved higher score increasing than parents not in marriage, the difference was non-significant. Our findings indicated that parental education status, working status and the household size were the influence factors of heatwave adaption interventions for primary school students. Future interventions should take parental education status, working status and household size into account to improve the effectiveness of heatwave adaption intervention for primary school students.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of the Community General Practice Teams on Dysphagia Complicated with Aspiration Pneumonia after Stroke

This cross-sectional study investigated the knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) of community general practice (GP) team members on dysphagia complicated with aspiration pneumonia after stroke in Shanghai between October 2022 and November 2022 using a self-administered questionnaire. A total of 551 questionnaires were collected (mean age: 37.59 ± 8.86 years, 443 (80.40%) females), including 383 (69.51%) physicians. The mean KAP scores were 6.30 ± 1.54 (possible range: 0–12), 40.32 ± 5.11 (possible range: 9–45), and 72.54 ± 13.99 (possible range: 18–90), respectively. Multivariable linear regression analyses suggested that attitude (Coef = 1.29, 95%CI: 1.09–1.50), and holding research funding (Coef = −2.70, 95%CI: −5.00–−0.50) were significantly associated with practice toward dysphagia complicated with aspiration pneumonia after stroke of community GP team members. The structural equation model (SEM) indicated that knowledge had a direct influence on attitude (β = 2.029, p &lt; 0.001) and attitude had a direct impact on practice (β = 0.710, p &lt; 0.001). Additionally, knowledge exerted both direct (β = 0.935, p = 0.016) and indirect effects (β = 1.442, p &lt; 0.001) on practice. In conclusion, this study showed that the community GP team members had poor knowledge, favorable attitudes, and proactive practices. Education and training on the management of dysphagia complicated with aspiration pneumonia after stroke are urgently needed.

Knowledge, attitudes and practices associated with giardiasis among cattle handlers in Jere, Borno State, Northeastern Nigeria

This study was designed to assess the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of cattle handlers (cattle owners, cattle attendants and veterinarians) concerning giardiasis in Jere Local Government Area (LGA) of Borno State, Northeastern Nigeria. Using a pre-validated questionnaire, 278 cattle handlers from six wards of Jere were interviewed, with a 84% (n = 252) response rate. The majority of the respondents were aged 27–38 years (62.3%), male (93.7%) and Muslim (96%). Regarding the control and prevention of giardiasis, 31.3%, 44.8% and 31.3% of the cattle handlers had good knowledge, attitudes and practices, respectively. The overall mean scores of 59.5%, 64.8% and 64.1% for knowledge, attitudes and practices were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) lower than the ≥ 75% cut-off mark set for a good KAP score on giardiasis. Furthermore, there was a moderate, positive and significant (p &lt; 0.05) correlation between the knowledge score and the attitudes and practices scores. The handlers’ knowledge and attitudes had significant associations (p &lt; 0.05) with their levels of education and years of experience, signifying that high levels of education and years of experience were associated with improved awareness of giardiasis among cattle handlers. The study concluded that there is a potential risk of cattle handlers being infected with Giardia lamblia based on their overall suboptimal levels of knowledge, attitudes and practices toward giardiasis observed in the study area. Raising awareness among cattle handlers about the public health implications of giardiasis in the study area was recommended.

Antimicrobial stewardship: knowledge, attitudes and practices regarding antimicrobial use and resistance among non-healthcare students at the University of Zambia.

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant threat to the world and could become humanity's next major challenge. This study assessed non-healthcare students' knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) towards antimicrobial use (AMU) and AMR at the University of Zambia. This cross-sectional study was conducted among 443 non-healthcare students from August to October 2022 using a structured questionnaire. Data analysis was done using IBM SPSS version 24.0. Of the 433 participants, 55.2%, 63.5% and 45% had moderate KAP scores regarding AMU and AMR. The prevalence of self-medication with antibiotics was 76.7%. Male participants were less likely to have good knowledge (OR = 0.524, 95% CI: 0.347-0.792) and positive attitudes (OR = 0.585, 95% CI: 0.364-0.940) towards AMU and AMR compared with females. Students who were studying Engineering and Mining were more likely to have good knowledge of AMR (OR = 1.891, 95% CI: 1.197-2.987) compared with those in Social Sciences. Those who were in their fourth and fifth years were more likely to have positive attitudes towards AMU and AMR (OR = 1.851, 95% CI: 1.147-2.986) compared with those who were in the first, second and third years. Finally, students who practised self-medication were less likely to have good self-reported practice towards AMR (OR = 0.442, 95% CI: 0.278-0.702) compared with those who did not. This study demonstrated that non-healthcare students had moderate KAP regarding AMU and AMR. All university students should be provided with education about AMU and AMR through free short courses, seminars, workshops, and AMR and antimicrobial stewardship awareness campaigns.

Development of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice Questionnaire for Patients with Diabetes Mellitus

Diabetes is one of the most common chronic diseases worldwide. The number of people with type 2 diabetes began to rise globally in the 1990 s, and since 2000, the world has seen a dramatic increase. There is a need to assess Knowledge, Attitude and Practice (KAP) of patients with diabetes in order to aid in future development of control programs and techniques for effective health education and patients counselling. this study was intended to develop a KAP questionnaire. It is a 27-question closed ended questionnaire with 12 knowledge, 8 attitude and 7 practice questions. Each correct answer was given a score 1 and the incorrect answer was given 0. Total scores of Knowledges, Attitude and Practice were added together to yield the final KAP score, where 25 was the highest and 0 was the least KAP score a subject could get. The questionnaire was reviewed by doctors and fellow pharmacists. Reliability of the questionnaire was calculated using “Kuder Richardson 21 (KR21)” method using a sample data of KAP score from 20 patients. After applying the formula, the scores obtained for Knowledge, Attitude, Practice and KAP were 0.71, 0.80, 0.71, and 0.75 respectively. The results show that the questionnaire is a valid instrument that allows an assessment of knowledge, attitudes and practices levels of patients with diabetes mellitus.

Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) and risk factors on dengue fever among children in Brazil, Fortaleza: A cross-sectional study.

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne viral disease that is associated with four serotypes of the dengue virus. Children are vulnerable to infection with the dengue virus, particularly those who have been previously infected with a different dengue serotype. Sufficient knowledge, positive attitudes, and proper practices (KAP) are essential for dengue prevention and control. This study aims to estimate the dengue seropositivity for study participants and to examine the association between households' dengue-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP), and children's risk of dengue seropositivity, while accounting for socioeconomic and demographic differences in Brazil. This analysis was based on a cross-sectional study from Fortaleza, Brazil between November 2019, and February 2020. There were 392 households and 483 participant children who provided a sample of sufficient quality for serological analysis. The main exposure was a household's dengue-related knowledge, attitudes, and practices, assessed through a questionnaire to construct a composite KAP score categorized into three levels: low, moderate, and high. The main outcome is dengue immunoglobulin G(IgG) antibodies, collected using dried blood spots and assessed with Panbio Dengue IgG indirect ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays) test commercial kits. The estimated crude dengue seroprevalence among participating children (n = 483) was 25%. Five percent of households (n = 20) achieved a score over 75% for KAP, sixty-nine percent of households (n = 271) scored between 50% and 75%, and twenty-six percent of households (n = 101) scored lower than 50%. Each KAP domain was significantly and positively associated with the others. The mean percentage scores for the three domains are 74%, 63%, and 39% respectively. We found high household KAP scores were associated with an increased adjusted relative risk (aRR) of seropositivity (aRR: 2.11, 95% CI: 1.11-4.01, p = 0.023). Household adult respondents' education level of elementary school or higher was negatively associated with children's risk of being seropositive (aRR: 0.65, 95% CI: 0.48-0.87, p = 0.005). The risk of seropositivity in older children (6-12 years old) was over 6 times that of younger children (2-5 years old) (aRR: 6.08, 95% CI: 3.47-10.64, p<0.001). Children living in households with sealed water tanks or no water storage had a lower risk of being seropositive (aRR: 0.73, 95% CI: 0.54-0.98, p = 0.035). Our results provide insight into the prevalence of dengue seropositivity in Fortaleza, Brazil in children, and certain demographic and socioeconomic characteristics associated with children's risk of being seropositive. They also suggest that KAP may not identify those more at-risk for dengue, although understanding and enhancing households' KAP is crucial for effective community dengue control and prevention initiatives.

HEPATITIS B VACCINATION AND POST-VACCINATION TEST AMONG HEALTH CARE WORKERS IN A TERTIARY CARE TEACHING HOSPITAL IN SOUTH INDIA: A CROSS-SECTIONAL

Introduction: Hepatitis B virus (HBV) is a life-threatening infection that is amenable to prevention by a safe and efficacious vaccine. Healthcare workers including medical students are among the high-risk group for HBV infection. This study is carried out to estimate HBV vaccination coverage and assess the knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) of HBV infection among healthcare workers in a tertiary care teaching hospital, in Tamil N?du, India Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using a structured questionnaire to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics, vaccination status, a set of knowledge, attitude and practice questions on preventive measures for hepatitis B infection. Results: The prevalence of complete hepatitis B vaccination 195 (44.2.%) among Health Care Workers (HCWs) was very low. The remaining 256 (56.8%) of HCWs were either partially vaccinated 128 (28.4%) or nonvaccinated 128 (28.4%). Merely, 8.4% of vaccinated persons were aware of testing of antibody titer after hepatitis B vaccination. Only 97 (30%) knew the protective values of anti-hepatitis B antibodies. Study participants had adequate knowledge attitude and practice (KAP) on preventive measures for Hepatitis B infection (overall KAP score of 100.8 out of 125). Vaccination status was found to be an independent predictor of the KAP score in the final model predicted using multiple linear regression. Conclusion: The government and institutions should take proactive measures to vaccinate the unvaccinated HCWs including the medical students against vaccine-preventable diseases. Also, it is prudent to perform HBV testing among those already vaccinated or partially vaccinated to determine their level of protective antibodies.

Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice regarding dengue among undergraduates of Government Medical College, Western Maharashtra: a cross-sectional study

Background: Dengue fever is one of the most important viral infections transmitted by Aedes mosquitoes and a major cause of morbidity and mortality globally. For its prevention and control need to assess knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) level of individuals. Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was carried out in Dr. V. M. Government Medical College, Solapur after taking institutional ethical committee (IEC) approval during 01 October to 30 October in all 200 undergraduate students of a batch of MBBS was selected out of 3 batches by lottery method, who were given consent were included in the study, out of which 154 had responded to pre-tested, structured, questionnaire. Results: 78.57% participants had good knowledge regarding dengue fever causative agent, transmission, signs and symptoms, preventive and control measures. 92.2% participants had good attitude towards dengue fever seriousness, preventive and control measures, need of community participation, importance of immediate visit to health care facilities. All participants had good practices regarding dengue fever preventive and control measures and 98% participants had high KAP score &gt;38 (out of 50) regarding dengue fever signs and symptoms, means of transmission and its preventive and control measures. Conclusions: Majority of participants had good knowledge regarding dengue fever causative agent, transmission, signs and symptoms, preventive and control measures. Majority of participants had good attitude towards dengue seriousness, preventive and control measures, need of community participation, and all participants had good practice regarding dengue fever preventive and control measures and majority of participants had high KAP score regarding the same.

Assessment of knowledge, attitude and practice for oxygen therapy among medical staff at the Colonial War Memorial Hospital in Fiji.

Oxygen therapy (OT) is a commonly prescribed essential medicine for people of all ages in the management of hypoxia. The adverse effects of inappropriate OT supplementation may be underestimated by health professionals and lead to poor health outcomes among hospitalised patients. Knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP) assessments of medical staff members to OT guidelines are essential to ensure optimal patient care. To perform a KAP assessment of OT administration among doctors and nurses employed at the national hospital of Fiji in 2021. Prospective cross-sectional study design. KAP assessment was performed with an online questionnaire and clinical observation. The study population (N = 116) consisted of doctors (20.7%) and nurses (79.3%) representing the acute medical, burns, cardiac care, intensive care, surgical and postanaesthetic recovery units. Overall, the proportion of participants who obtained a good score (>70%) was 87% for knowledge, 87.93% for attitudes and 84% for practice. Best knowledge scores were obtained for general OT indications (71%) and scenarios where immediate oxygen application is required (70%). Lowest knowledge scores were for OT contraindications (14%) and oxygen saturation for acute myocardial infarction (32%), asthma (36%) and healthy newborns (43%). The most positive attitudes were in response to the statement that OT guidelines are essential (96%). A total of 78 (80.4%) patients were being cared for with good OT practice. Good KAP scores were obtained for medical staff in Fiji regarding OT administration. Ongoing professional education activities should include updated training of OT contraindications and optimal oxygen saturation levels for special patient groups.