Objective: To explore the association between the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and major chronic diseases or death among HIV-infected patients in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province in 1998-2023. Methods: The data were collected from Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System and Taizhou Chronic Disease Information Management System. The subjects were HIV-infected patients with household registration in Taizhou from 1998 to 2023, who received ART for ≥6 months and underwent viral load testing ≥2 times. Logistic regression models were used to analyze the association between ART effectiveness and major chronic diseases or death. Results: A total of 2 918 HIV-infected patients were included, with virological suppression, low-level viremia, and virological failure accounting for 86.15% (2 514/2 918), 9.12% (266/2 918), and 4.73% (138/2 918), respectively. The incidence of major chronic diseases and case fatality rate among HIV-infected patients were 11.00% (321/2 918) and 6.58% (192/2 918), respectively. The incidence of major chronic disease in patients with virologic suppression and virological failure, as well as the fatality rate across different ART effectiveness groups, all showed an increasing trend with age (all P<0.05). After adjusting for potential confounders, compared with virologically suppressed patients, those with virological failure had a higher risk of death (aOR=2.15, 95%CI: 1.14-4.04). Age-stratified analysis revealed that in the <50 years old group, patients with low-level viremia had a higher risk of developing major chronic disease (aOR=2.15, 95%CI: 1.20-3.87). Conclusions: The low-level viremia was associated with major chronic diseases in young and middle-aged HIV-infected patients in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province, from 1998 to 2023. For young and middle-aged HIV-infected patients with suboptimal ART responses in follow-up management, regular chronic disease screening and health management are also indicated.

To explore whether preoperative CD4+ T-cell count is associated with postoperative infectious outcomes after endoscopic lithotripsy for upper urinary tract calculi in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients. The HIV-infected patients who underwent endoscopic lithotripsy for upper urinary tract stones at Shanghai Public Health Clinical Center from May 2019 to May 2025 were enrolled for this study. The exposure of interest was the preoperative peripheral blood CD4+ T-cell count. The primary endpoint was urosepsis. Secondary outcomes included postoperative fever, systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS), and other postoperative complications. A total of 120 patients were enrolled in this study, including 20 patients with a CD4+ T-cell count < 200 cells/µL and 100 patients with a CD4+ T-cell count ≥ 200 cells/µL. None of the patients developed urosepsis or SIRS postoperatively. The overall rate of postoperative fever was 17.5% (21/120). Fever was observed in 15.0% of the patients with a CD4+ T-cell count < 200 cells/µL, compared with 18.0% of those with a CD4+ T-cell count ≥ 200 cells/µL, and there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Logistic regression analysis further showed that CD4+ T-cell count was not significantly associated with fever (OR = 1.001, 95% CI: 0.998-1.003, P = 0.586), whereas urine white blood cell count, stone density, and surgical approach were independently associated with fever. Sensitivity analyses using propensity score matching and inverse probability of treatment weighting showed similar results. In this retrospective single-center cohort, preoperative CD4+ T-cell count was not significantly associated with postoperative fever after endoscopic lithotripsy in HIV-infected patients. However, because no urosepsis events occurred and the sample size, particularly in the CD4+ T-cell count < 200 cells/µL subgroup, was limited, the study could not adequately evaluate the primary endpoint. These findings should therefore be considered exploratory and require confirmation in larger studies incorporating HIV viral load and procedure-specific analyses.

Severe necrotic and fatal monkeypox in HIV-infected patients.

Histoplasmosis is an endemic mycosis in the Americas. While urinary Histoplasma antigen enzyme immunoassay testing (HAET) has been validated mainly in HIV-infected patients with disseminated disease, its performance in HIV-negative populations with heterogeneous clinical presentations is unclear. To describe the performance of urinary HAET for the diagnosis of histoplasmosis in a cohort of Brazilian HIV-negative patients. We conducted a retrospective study at Einstein Hospital Israelita (Brazil) including HIV-negative patients whose urine samples were analysed by Histoplasma antigen enzyme immunoassay test (HAET) from January 2022 to October 2025. Factors associated with positive urinary HAET were analysed using univariable and multivariable models. Among 346 patients, histoplasmosis was diagnosed in 43 (12%); 16 (37%) were immunocompromised and 14 (33%) had disseminated disease. Urinary HAET was positive in eight patients (19%), with antigen levels from 0.3 to > 15 ng/mL. Sensitivity and specificity were 19% and 100%, respectively; positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 90%. Sensitivity increased to 45% in immunocompromised patients with multiorgan involvement, and immunocompromised status independently predicted HAET positivity (p = 0.008). In HIV-negative patients, HAET demonstrates excellent specificity but low sensitivity, performing best in immunocompromised individuals with disseminated histoplasmosis.

Seroprevalence and viremia of hepatitis C virus among HIV-infected patients on ART with unsuppressed HIV viral load in Ethiopia.

ABSTRACT Purpose Our primary goal is to study the relationship between Venereal Disease Research Laboratory (VDRL) testing and posterior segment involvement by syphilis. Secondary goals include characterizing the epidemiological and clinical features of syphilitic posterior uveitis in a national multicenter cohort, and assessing the impact of HIV co-infection on disease presentation. Methods Retrospective, observational, multicenter study of syphilitic posterior uveitis with serologic confirmation. A review of medical records was conducted to facilitate statistical analysis, collecting epidemiologic, clinical and laboratorial results. Results Eighty-three patients with syphilitic posterior uveitis were included (75.9% male, mean age 48.8 years). HIV co-infection was present in 24.1% of patients. The mean VDRL titer was 149.18. Posterior uveitis phenotypes comprised 48 (57.9%) acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis, 41 (49.4%) papillitis, 21 (25.4%) retinitis/choroiditis, 7 (8.4%) vasculitis, 5 (6.0%) neurosyphilis and 4 (4.8%) scleritis. Patients with retinitis/choroiditis had higher VDRL titers than those with other phenotypes (p = 0.055). Among HIV-infected patients, those with papillitis had higher CD4+ lymphocyte count, and this difference was close to being statistically significant (p = 0.069). Conclusion In summary, our study identified a borderline significant association between higher VDRL titers and retinitis/choroiditis and, in HIV-infected individuals, between elevated CD4+ counts and papillitis. These findings suggest that patients presenting with elevated VDRL titers and/or higher CD4+ lymphocyte counts may be at increased risk for more severe posterior uveitis phenotypes.

In the subjects infected with HIV, the influence of rs8084 polymorphism suggests that certain alleles may prolong the disease progression at an older age, thus allowing people with specific genotypes to maintain higher CD4 levels even if they are infected later in life. This may indicate a more effective activation of the immune response with age. The present study analyzed the distribution of HIV-1 patients by disease stages depending on age groups, as well as changes in CD4+ per cent levels, and the expression of the MX2, IFNM1, and ADAR1 genes in infected patients. A total of 143 patients diagnosed with HIV-1, aged 14 to 66 years, have been examined. The control group consisted of 67 practically healthy individuals aged 15 to 57 years, who were unrelated, had no clinical signs of HIV infection, and had no hereditary predisposition to the disease. The highest number of infections occurs at the third stage of the disease (symptomatic phase) among young individuals aged 14-35 years. At later stages of the disease, CD4% levels are significantly decreased, indicating the progression of immune deficiency. A correlation was also revealed between the HLA-DRA genotype and CD4% levels, highlighting the potential for a personalized approach to HIV treatment. Moreover, the study revealed a significantly increased expression of the MX2, IFNM1, and ADAR1 genes in HIV-infected patients, thus confirming activation of antiviral mechanisms in response to infection. The study demonstrated that HIV- 1 infection is associated with significant changes in the immune system, as evidenced by a decrease in CD4% levels and an increase in the expression of key antiviral genes such as MX2, IFNM1, and ADAR1. Given the role of genetic factors, such as HLA-DRA polymorphism, in disease progression, the importance of a personalized treatment approach is emphasized.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment of onychomycosis of the feet in HIV-infected patients depending on the effectiveness of antiretroviral therapy (ART). Patients and methods. 96 HIV-infected patients with onychomycosis of the feet were under observation. The diagnosis of HIV infection was established according to the International Classification of Diseases of the 10th revision (ICD-10) and verified by the detection of specific serological and molecular biological markers of HIV. The number of CD4+-lymphocytes and viral load (copies/ml) were recorded in all patients. Considering the effectiveness of ART, HIV-infected patients with onychomycosis of the feet were divided into four groups. Group I included patients with virological and immunological ART success; to the II group – patients with a decrease in viral load without an increase in the number of CD4+-lymphocytes or with an increase in the level of CD4+&gt;500 cells/μl without a decrease in viral load; to the III group – patients with an immunological response, but without a decrease in the viral load; to IV group – persons with virological and immunological failures of ART. Thus, 30 people were under observation in the 1st group; in the II group – 20; in the III group – 11; in the IV group – 35 patients. From the systemic antifungal therapy, HIV-infected patients of the I group received terbinafine 250 mg per day for 12 weeks. Patients of the II group received itraconazole 200 mg 2 times a day according to the scheme of pulse therapy on the 1st, 5th and 9th weeks of treatment. In groups III-IV, patients were prescribed fluconazole at a dose of 150 mg once a week for 6 months. The results. On the 6th month of observation, the effectiveness of antifungal therapy for onychomycosis of the feet in patients with virological and immunological successes of antiretroviral therapy was significantly higher than in patients with virological and immunological failures of antiretroviral therapy (p&lt;0.01). At the 12th month of observation, the mycological, clinical and full effectiveness of antifungal therapy for onychomycosis of the feet was statistically significantly higher in the case of virological and immunological success of antiretroviral treatment, compared to the group of patients in whom such a result of etiotropic therapy of HIV infection could not be achieved (р&lt;0.01). Conclusions. Evaluation of the effectiveness of antifungal therapy for onychomycosis of the feet in HIV-infected patients in groups formed depending on the effectiveness of antiretroviral treatment showed the best results in the group with a successful option of using antiretroviral drugs and the worst in the group with a negative result of such treatment. In representatives of the group with a lack of positive dynamics of one of the indicators (viral load or the number of CD4+-lymphocytes), the combined therapy of onychomycosis of the feet showed intermediate results.

Objective: To investigate the association between CD4+T lymphocytes (CD4) counts test index and immunological failure among HIV-infected patients receiving antiretroviral therapy in Taizhou, Zhejiang Province. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted. A total of 4 609 HIV-infected patients aged 18 and above who received antiretroviral therapy (ART)were derived from Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System from 2006 to 2024.The CD4 counts test index was defined as the ratio of actual CD4 counts test times to theoretical test times, and were divided into four groups: 0.00-0.30 (extremely low detection group), 0.31-0.80 (low detection group), 0.81-1.20 (regular detection group), and ≥1.21 (enhanced detection group). Immunological failure was defined as the last CD4 counts after ART that did not exceed the baseline level or persistently below 100 cells/μl. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) and piecewise Cox proportional hazards models were used to analyze the dose-response relationship between the CD4 counts testing index and immunological failure. Results: Among 4 609 cases of HIV-infected patients, a non-linear U-shaped association was observed between the CD4 counts testing index and immunological failure (P<0.001), with an inflection point at 0.93. Below 0.93, each 0.1-unit increase in the index was associated with a 29% reduction in the risk of immunological failure (aHR=0.71, 95%CI: 0.65-0.77). Above 0.93, each 0.1-unit increase was associated with a 13% increase in risk (aHR=1.13, 95%CI: 1.09-1.16). Compared with the regular detection group, the risk of immunological failure was significantly higher in the extremely low, low, and enhanced detection groups. (aHR=7.60, 1.49, and 1.37, respectively). Subgroup analyses indicated that the association between a high testing index and immunological failure was positively correlated among patients with low BMI, sexual transmission, and low baseline CD4 counts levels. Conclusions: Among HIV-infected patients in Taizhou City, Zhejiang Province from 2006 to 2024, insufficient frequency of CD4 count testing or intensive testing based on clinical indications were both associated with the risk of immunological failure of ART. In the follow-up management of HIV-infected patients, on the basis of evaluating individual clinical indications and the efficacy of ART, the frequency of CD4 count testing should be reasonably arranged to provide precise and personalized ART and follow-up management plans for HIV-infected patients.

HIV-infected patients are more susceptible to human papillomavirus (HPV) infection due to impaired immune function. Although HPV vaccines have demonstrated substantial preventive efficacy in HIV-negative populations, the characteristics of immune responses, protective efficacy, and optimal vaccination strategies in HIV-infected patients remain undefined. This review summarizes available evidence on the immunogenicity, protective efficacy, and safety of HPV vaccination among HIV-infected patients, and examines key influencing factors, including adjuvant types, vaccination schedules, and immune status. Additionally, factors affecting HPV vaccination uptake in this population are synthesized from individual, social, and healthcare service perspectives. Based on current evidence, it is recommended that HIV-infected patients be included in the priority population for HPV vaccination in China, with further exploration of individualized vaccination strategies tailored to immune status. Furthermore, it is suggested that vaccination coverage be improved through service integration and targeted health promotion.

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with HIV. TB/HIV co-infection continues to challenge global TB control efforts. This study aimed to estimate the incidence and identify predictors of TB among adult HIV-infected patients who initiated antiretroviral therapy (ART) under the Universal Test and Treat (UTT) approach in Silte Zone, Ethiopia. An institution-based retrospective cohort study was conducted among 404 adult HIV patients enrolled in ART. Participants were selected using simple random sampling. Data were extracted using a structured checklist via Kobo Toolbox and analyzed using STATA version 14. Cox proportional hazards regression models were applied to identify predictors of TB. Statistical significance was declared at p < 0.05 with 95% confidence intervals. The proportional hazards assumption was assessed using statistical tests and graphical methods. The median age was 36 years, with near-equal sex distribution. Most participants initiated ART at WHO clinical stages I-II. Approximately 70% had good adherence, and over 80% disclosed their HIV status. The predominant regimen was TDF-3TC-EFV. The overall TB incidence density rate was 5.33 per 1000 person-months (95% CI: 3.68-7.77). The incidence of new TB was 4.0 per 1000 person-months (95% CI: 2.60-6.13), while reinfection was 1.3 per 1000 person-months (95% CI: 0.63-2.70). TB-free survival probabilities at 6, 12, and 18 months were 0.99, 0.93, and 0.90, respectively. Male sex (AHR: 5.05), non-disclosure of HIV status (AHR: 6.29), underweight status (AHR: 3.07), CD4 count <200 cells/μL (AHR: 5.63), and poor ART adherence (AHR: 7.05) were significant predictors. Although TB incidence declined under the UTT approach, risk remained elevated during the first year of ART. Targeted interventions promoting early diagnosis, adherence support, nutritional care, and safe disclosure are essential to reduce TB burden among people living with HIV.

We aimed to determine the prevalence and diversity of dermatoses in HIV infected patients, and to compare alterations of skin lesion characteristics with the past literature. This retrospective, cross-sectional, single-center study was conducted on patients who were admitted to Şanlıurfa Training and Research Hospital between January 2020 and April 2023 with a diagnosis of HIV infection. Patients, whose dermatological examination had been performed, were included in the study. Out of 144 individuals included in the study, 84.7% of them were male, and the median age was 34.5 (18-75). The prevalence of skin disorders among patients was found to be 57.6%. The most frequently dermatoses were condylomata acuminata (39.8%), telogen effluvium (16.9%), and scabies (9.6%). The frequency of condylomata acuminata and scabies was significantly higher in those with a history of homosexual intercourse. The number of skin findings increased as the CD4 count decreased, but the difference was not statistically significant (p > 0.05). The pattern of HIV/AIDS-related skin disorders has transitioned during ART development; while the findings triggered by immunosuppression decreased, other sexually transmitted infections-related dermatoses and ART-related conditions dominated. Although dermatosis prevalence appears reduced in the ART era, HIV remains linked to a wide range of dermatological manifestations. This study shows that over half of patients still experience skin findings, underscoring the continued importance of dermatological assessment in the comprehensive care of people living with HIV.

Joint models can describe the relationship between recurrent and terminal events. Typically, recurrent events are modeled using the total time scale, assuming constant covariate effects on each recurrent event. However, modeling the gap time between recurrent events could allow varying covariate effects and offer greater flexibility and accuracy. For instance, in HIV-infected patients, the intervals between the first occurrence of opportunistic infections (OIs) may follow a different distribution compared to later OIs. However, limited research has focused on mediation analysis using joint modeling of gap times and survival time. In this work, we propose a novel joint modeling approach that studies the mediation effect of recurrent events on survival outcomes by modeling the recurrent events by gap time. This allows us to handle cases where the first occurrence of a recurrent event behaves differently from subsequent events. Additionally, we use a relaxed "sequential ignorability" assumption to address unmeasured confounding. Simulation studies demonstrate that our model performs well in estimating both model parameters and mediation effects. We apply our method to an AIDS study to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of two treatments and the effect of baseline CD4 counts on overall survival, mediated by recurrent opportunistic infections modeled through gap times.

Analytical techniques for laboratory testing of HIV: a systematic review.

Introduction Loss to follow-up (LTFU) has been reported as a recurrent challenge affecting the success of antiretroviral treatment among HIV-infected patients in low- and middle-income countries. Additionally, loss of follow-up is a significant problem associated with increased treatment failure, which can be presented through clinical, immunological, and virological failure. Lastly, LTFU exacerbates the rates of morbidity, mortality, and drug resistance among people living with HIV. The study explores factors associated with loss to follow-up among patients living with HIV in selected public clinics under the DIMAMO surveillance area in the Capricorn district of Limpopo province. Material and Methods A qualitative research approach, particularly Phenomenology, was adopted to explore and understand the experiences of registered nurses and community health workers who work with patients on antiretroviral treatment at the selected public clinics. Twenty-eight (28) participants were purposively selected. Furthermore, data were collected using semi-structured interviews. Lastly, data was analysed using Delve narrative analysis as guided by Delve and Limpaecher. Results Following the process of data analysis, the study revealed that patients living with HIV often face diverse internal conflicts and significant barriers leading to loss of follow-up. The following themes emerged: 1.) Patient-related factors identified in a form of denial related to perceptions of HIV, perceptions of being healed or healthy, and lastly, not accepting responsibility for HIV health status. 2.) Significant barriers associated with disengagement from HIV care among patients were identified in the form of non-disclosure of HIV status to significant others, fear of stigmatisation, perceived breach of confidentiality, and lastly, resistance to or non-use of community healthcare interventions. Discussion In summary, the study identified the key challenges affecting HIV care, including internal conflicts, which manifested in the form of denial, and misconceptions about health status as reported by the participants. Thus, the significant barriers to care disengagement included non-disclosure of HIV status, fear of stigma, perceived breaches of confidentiality, and resistance to community healthcare interventions. Conclusion Furthermore, these findings highlight the need for targeted interventions to improve patient retention rates. Notably, a comprehensive training program and information guide for healthcare providers can enhance their ability to support antiretroviral patients and improve treatment adherence and health outcomes.

In accordance with Decree No. 1 of the Chief State Sanitary Doctor of the Russian Federation dated January 11, 2011, "On the Approval of SP 3.1.5.2826-10 'Prevention of HIV Infection'" and Letter No. 30-05/84 of the Ministry of Health of the Samara Region dated March 25, 2015, "On the Organization of Post-Exposure Prophylaxis for Professional HIV Infection of Medical Workers in the Samara Region," the implementation of organizational, therapeutic, preventive, and sanitary-epidemiological measures to prevent occupational HIV infection is the responsibility of the heads of medical organizations, regardless of their legal form, type of ownership, or departmental affiliation [1-4]. The relevance of preventing accidental exposure during various types of work and procedures performed by medical staff is highlighted by the fact that the number of healthcare workers registered for follow-ups at the Samara Regional Center for the Prevention and Control of AIDS and Infectious Diseases after exposure while treating HIV-infected patients has remained consistently high in recent years [5-8]. Pursuant to current legislation, the following measures are conducted to prevent occupational HIV infection: a set of procedures to prevent accidental exposure; training and instruction of medical personnel on immediate actions in the event of an accident; and the recording of injuries and micro-injuries sustained by medical staff in the line of professional duty. An essential element is the organizational component, i.e. appointing, by official order of the medical organization, a specialist responsible for organizing post-exposure prophylaxis for HIV infection among medical workers, determining the scope of the victim's examination, and identifying indications for antiretroviral therapy based on epidemiological history [9-12]. critical aspect is the follow-up of medical workers who have sustained an injury. This is carried out at the place of employment and lasts for 12 months, with mandatory follow-up testing for HIV and parenteral hepatitis at 6 and 12 weeks, and 6 and 12 months. It is also necessary that the individual responsible for overseeing this preventive area be designated by an of ficial order within the medical organization.

Objective — to investigate the association of HLA DRB1 gene polymorphisms with the risks of HIV-associated tuberculosis and recurrent bacterial respiratory tract infections, considering patient sex. Materials and methods. A prospective study of 116 HIV-infected patients with clinical stages II—IV of HIV infection was conducted. The patients were divided into three groups: those with tuberculosis (n = 35), those with recurrent bacterial respiratory tract infections (n = 39) and those with other infections (mycoses, chronic HSV infection, toxoplasmosis etc.) (n = 42). We studied the association between the presence of DRB1 gene alleles in HIV-infected patients and the likelihood of developing certain comorbid infections, including tuberculosis and recurrent bacterial respiratory tract infections. Results and discussion. Associations were found between certain loci and opportunistic infections associated with tuberculosis and recurrent bacterial respiratory tract infections. Not all DRB1 locus alleles are significantly associated with opportunistic diseases. In HIV-infected patients, the presence of the DRB1*03, DRB1*13 and DRB1 *16 alleles is statistically significantly associated with the likelihood of occurrence or relative resistance to some opportunistic infections (p &lt; 0,05). The analysis of the effect of sex on the occurrence of some opportunistic infections showed that men with the DRB1*13 allele were more likely to have both recurrent bacterial respiratory tract infections (25.0 %) and tuberculosis (29.2 %) (p &lt; 0,05). This explains why men are more likely to develop tuberculosis and die more often than women. Conclusions. The study identified important genetic markers that can be used to predict the risks of developing tuberculosis and other respiratory infections in HIV-infected patients, which will contribute to better treatment and prevention strategies. Susceptibility to tuberculosis is associated with the presence of the DRB1*03 (22.9 %) and DRB1*13 (31.4 %) alleles. These alleles increase the risk of developing tuberculosis in HIV-infected individuals. The DRB1*13 allele (25.6 %) is also associated with the frequency of recurrent bacterial respiratory tract infections. Carriers of the DRB1*16 allele (frequency of detection 19.0 %) had a lower risk of developing tuberculosis (11.4 %) and recurrent bacterial respiratory tract infections (12.8 %), which may indicate a protective effect of this allele. Sex differences were found in carriers of these loci and the development of tuberculosis and other respiratory infections. In women with the DRB1*03 allele, the probability of developing tuberculosis was 45.5 %, which significantly exceeded the frequency of other infections (3.8 %, p &lt; 0.01). In men with the DRB1*13 allele, both recurrent bacterial respiratory tract infections (25.0 %) and tuberculosis (29.2 %) were more often detected. Male carriers of the DRB1*11 were less susceptible to tuberculosis (16.7 %, p = 0.06), which may indicate a protective role of this allele.

ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify potential independent predictors of 1-year postoperative overall survival (OS) in people living with the Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) who had undergone curative resection for colorectal cancer (CRC), and to construct a predictive model as an initial risk stratification tool.MethodsA total of 54 HIV-infected patients who underwent radical resection for CRC at the Fourth People’s Hospital of Nanning, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region from January 2020 to December 2024 were enrolled. Their demographic data, pathological characteristics, and preoperative serological test indicators were collected. COX regression analyses were performed to identify potential independent factors affecting prognosis. A nomogram model predicting 1-year OS was subsequently constructed and internally validated.ResultsBMI, interval time from HIV diagnosis to antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation, CA19-9, CA125, and BASO% were potential independent prognostic factors for 1-year postoperative OS in HIV-infected patients with CRC. The nomogram constructed based on these variables exhibited an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.935, and the optimism value from bootstrap internal validation was 0.005.ConclusionThe nomogram derived from the identified potential independent factors demonstrated acceptable discriminative ability in internal validation and could serve as a visual preliminary risk stratification tool for 1-year prognosis in HIV-infected patients after curative CRC surgery.

Aim. Study the Structure of the Internal Picture of Disease in HIV-Infected Patients Depending on Clinical and Epidemiological Characteristics. Materials and methods. 86 HIV-infected patients aged 19 to 59 years were examined, with varying duration of infection and severity of disease progression. The pilot study was conducted at the Kuzbass AIDS Center. Research methods: questionnaire "Short questionnaire of E. Broadbent disease perception in Russian adaptation; "Personal meaning of the disease" (Z.L. Lipowski); "Emotional Response Questionnaire"; Student's t-test for independent samples; descriptive statistics; factor analysis was performed by principal component method by Varimax rotation taking into account Kaiser test; cluster analysis. As part of the study, the results of studies of the subjective response of the individual to HIV infection as a chronic incurable life-threatening disease are systematized. Results. The study systematized research findings on subjective responses to HIV infection as a chronic, incurable, life-threatening disease. The internal picture of disease in HIV-positive patients is determined by disease severity. The duration of infection correlates with cognitive assessment of disease threat but has less impact on subjective response. Cognitive assessment aligns with HIV infection severity. In patients in remission with over 10 years of infection, the cognitive level of the internal picture of disease (IPD) dominates. Emotional representations show ambivalence (self-stigmatization combined with hope, optimism, and joy from overcoming difficulties). The motivational-meaning level of IPD is characterized by predominance of positive personal meanings. In patients with progressive forms of HIV infection, regardless of infection duration, all IPD components reflect acute stress impact. Emotional level of IPD shows depression (despair and helplessness as leading emotions). Negative personal meanings dominate («disease as threat», loss of health, weakness). Conclusion. The severity of disease progression and cognitive assessment of HIV infection influence the development of different variants of the internal picture of disease. The unique adaptation pattern of people living with HIV in remission (with high ART adherence, undetectable viral load, and long disease history) is characterized by belief in disease controllability as the leading adaptive resource in the IPD structure.

The objective: to analyze results of preventive chemotherapy of tuberculosis in HIV-infected women of the reproductive age. Subjects and Methods. The results of tuberculosis preventive chemotherapy were retrospectively analyzed in 675 HIV-positive women aged 18-44 years for 2015-2019 (continuous sampling). The comparison group consisted of 6018 HIV-infected female patients of the same age who received no preventive chemotherapy of tuberculosis during the analyzed period. Results. The average age of women receiving preventive chemotherapy of tuberculosis (PC TB+ Group) made 32.9±0.2 years. Isoniazid was well tolerated with the drug discontinued due to adverse events only in 11/675 (1.6±2.9%) women. Only 316/675 (46.8±3.6%) women completed the full 6-month course of preventive chemotherapy; the rest defaulted within the first 3 months. From PC TB+ Group, 19/675 (0.7±2.7%) patients developed tuberculosis within the next 5 years. Among 348 women who defaulted within the first 3 months, 17 (4.9±1.5%) developed tuberculosis. Conclusion. The obtained results prove the feasibility of preventive chemotherapy of tuberculosis in HIV-positive women of the reproductive age, as it reduces the incidence of tuberculosis in the following 5 years (19/675 (0.7±2.7% versus 447/6018 (7.4±2.7%) women who developed TB, OR = 2.77, CI (1.73-4.42)). Even though 46.8±3.6% of women defaulted from preventive chemotherapy within the first 3 months.