Silibinin-loaded PEGylated niosomal nanoparticles restore hippocampus histological changes, memory and learning, and downregulate the inflammasome pathway in Alzheimer's disease animal models.

Qiju Dihuang Pill modulates complement system in age-related dry eye disease: Tripartite validation through clinical-omics-animal integration.

Pilot study of β-endorphin concentrations in horses with pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction using a newly validated enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.

This study investigates pharmaco-EEG changes induced by Lacosamide (LCM) in drug-naive people with focal epilepsy (PwE) and explores the association between quantitative EEG (qEEG) and long-term clinical outcome. We retrospectively identified 28 PwE and 25 healthy controls (HC). PwE were classified as seizure-free (SF) or non-seizure-free (NSF) after two years of LCM. EEGs were acquired before and∼6 months after LCM. Power spectral density (PSD), amplitude-envelope correlation (AEC), and graph-theoretical metrics were compared between PwE and HC. Logistic regression was employed to examine the association between long-term outcomes (two-year seizure freedom) and qEEG metrics, in combination with clinical variables (sex, aetiology, seizure type, baseline EEG). LCM did not significantly modify global-averaged qEEG metrics (p>0.05). Theta-band PSD was higher in PwE than HC. PwE exhibited higher alpha-band betweenness centrality (BtwC) than HC only before LCM (p=0.007). Alpha-band BtwC provided the greatest discriminative value for seizure freedom (accuracy=0.86; area under the curve [AUC]=0.88). Although no significant differences were observed between pre- and post-LCM conditions, alpha-band BtwC showed a return toward a more physiological state after treatment, suggesting partial network normalization. Combining qEEG with clinical data improved long-term outcome discrimination, with alpha-band BtwC as the most relevant feature. Graph-theoretical qEEG metrics offer additional insight into LCM's neurophysiological effects in focal epilepsy.

Morpho-functional correlates of gait impairment in early Parkinson's disease patients: insights from a multimodal path modeling framework.

Altered neural responses to upward social comparison in subthreshold depression: An ERP study.

Clinical study on metabolic differences in the limbic system between non-demented Parkinson's disease patients and Parkinson's disease dementia patients.

A 16S rRNA-based meta-analysis of gut microbiota in diabetic nephropathy using QIIME2 and publicly available NGS datasets.

Alterations in neurovascular coupling are present in adolescent patients with major depressive disorder: An integrated resting-state fMRI and arterial spin labeling study.

Smoking and systemic Th17/Treg immune alterations in periodontitis: A cross-sectional study.

The association between gut microbiota and insomnia: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Unravelling the role of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in anorexia, bulimia, and binge-eating disorder: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Sleep phase delay exacerbates treatment resistance in obsessive-compulsive disorder via elevated anterior cingulate cortex glutamate: A mediation analysis.

Introduction: Diabetes poses a major health challenge in India, with rising cases leading to serious complications like optic neuropathy and vision loss. These conditions often remain silent in the early stages, making timely detection crucial. Visual Evoked Potentials (VEPs), a simple non-invasive test, offer promise in identifying early optic nerve changes in diabetic patients and may improve outcomes through earlier intervention. Aim: To assess P100 latency and N75-P100 amplitude of VEP as a screening tool for detecting subclinical optic neuropathy in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM). Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Physiology in collaboration with the Department of Medicine at Shaheed Hasan Khan Mewati Government (SHKM) Government Medical College, Nalhar, Nuh, Haryana, India, from November 2022 to October 2023. A total of 240 subjects aged 18 to 60 years were enrolled, comprising 80 individuals with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus (DM), 80 with Type 2 DM (case group) and 80 non diabetic individuals (control group). Participants were selected using a systematic random sampling method. The VEP test was performed and VEP parameters were compared between the case and control groups. Results: The mean age of the Type 1 DM, Type 2 DM and control groups was 26.61±6.71 years, 43.32±11.09 years and 30.7±11.23 years, respectively. Gender distribution showed that males comprised 53.75% of the Type 1 DM group, 60% of the Type 2 DM group and 70% of the control group. Females accounted for 46.25%, 40% and 30%, respectively. Analysis revealed a significant increase in P100 latency in both Type 1 diabetics (105.30±4.79 msec; p<0.001) and Type 2 diabetics (102.69±6.94 msec; p<0.001) compared with healthy controls. The N75-P100 amplitude was significantly reduced in Type 1 diabetics (5.73±1.98 µV; p=0.04) and Type 2 diabetics (5.87±2.89 µV; p>0.05) compared with controls; however, the difference reached statistical significance only in Type 1 diabetics. Conclusion: This study revealed that P100 latency was prolonged and N75-P100 amplitude was reduced in both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients compared with healthy controls. These results suggest structural changes in the optic nerve, including demyelination and axonal loss. The study recommends incorporating VEP testing into screening protocols for early detection of neurological complications in diabetic patients.

Long term cardiovascular effects on COVID-19 infection in children. The need for monitoring.

Some patients with myasthenia gravis (MG) are refractory to available treatments, highlighting the need to further understand the pathogenesis of the disease. This study aimed to determine whether components in the serum from patients with acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibody-positive MG affect myotubes, to explore their possible role in disease pathogenesis beyond the inhibition of acetylcholine signal transmission. Serum was collected from 14 patients with AChR antibody-positive MG. The differentiated human myotubes were stimulated with 10% serum from healthy controls or patients with MG. After 24h, ribonucleic acid extraction/sequencing was performed, and differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were extracted. Pathway analysis was completed using DEGs that were downregulated by stimulation with serum from patients with MG. Expression of genes important for muscle contraction was measured and myotube diameter was determined by immunostaining. Approximately 1200 DEGs were extracted by comparing gene expression in cultured human myotube cells stimulated with serum from healthy controls and patients with MG. Gene ontology terms linked with muscle function were suppressed in myotube cells stimulated with patient serum. Suppression of pathways associated with muscle atrophy/weakness, decreased expression of genes associated with muscle contraction, and smaller myotube diameter were confirmed in myotube cells stimulated with serum from patients versus healthy controls. Factors other than acetylcholine signal transmission inhibition may contribute to the pathogenesis of AChR antibody-positive MG. Further research is needed to clarify the pathways involved, potentially leading to more tailored pharmacotherapies.

Altered resting-state sensorimotor network in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder: An EEG study.

Error processing in major depressive disorder: a systematic review and meta-analysis of event-related potential studies.

Electroconvulsive therapy induces cortical and subcortical structural changes in adolescents with major depressive disorder.

Associations of glymphatic system dysfunction and personality traits alterations in bipolar depression with suicidal attempt.