Global Context Research Articles

Understanding the contents and gaps in sexual and reproductive health toolkits designed for adolescence and young adults: a scoping review.

Adolescence is a crucial stage of physical and sexual maturation and development and a period in which understanding sexual and reproductive health (SRH) is important. SRH interventions and toolkits provide a range of valuable resources and information to young people, educators, and members of the community on numerous topics, including contraception and puberty. The usefulness and reliability of these available toolkits have not been previously studied, thus limiting our understanding of their appropriateness and contents. Hence, this scoping review aimed to synthesize the available toolkits aimed at the SRH of adolescents and young adults to understand the contents, design, and information gaps. A systematic search was conducted of 6 medical databases and 12 gray literature sites. Sixteen toolkits published globally before May 2023 were included in our review. The majority of toolkits (n = 12) contained information related to general SRH knowledge and contraception, whereas only 3 contained information on teenage pregnancy. We found that aiming the toolkits toward educators and health care workers was a favorable design over targeting adolescents and young adults directly and that vulnerable youth-including LGBTQI+ (lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer or questioning, asexual or allied, intersex, and additional identities) and youth from humanitarian settings-were not well represented. We identified key gaps in the inclusion of information in a range of SRH topics, such as LGBTQI+ sexuality, teenage pregnancy, and safe abortion, in the currently available SRH toolkits and their lack of applicability in a global context. Furthermore, we provide recommendations for areas of improvement to encourage adolescents' agency in their SRH education.

ECCE Education in the Global context: A Comparative Study of Private And Public ECCE Service Providers in the State of Bihar, India

The right to education of any child born in any country in the world starts from birth. But unfortunately, new UNESCO data shows that one in four children aged 5 never receives any form of pre-primary education (ECCE) in their lifetime. This report represents 35 million of the 137 million 5-year-old children worldwide. Early Childhood Care and Education Despite research proving the benefits of ECCE, only half of the countries worldwide guarantee free pre-primary education. Political will and ownership are vital to transforming the ECCE. The UNESCO review highlights progress in some countries, but much more is needed to successfully strengthen the capacity of these systems. This research has been done in the context of Bihar, India. The objective of this study is to assess the daily classroom activities conducted by private and public service providers of ECCE in Bihar and to identify the differences in various classroom activities and the facilities provided by them. A comparative study was conducted using random sampling to select 100 private and 100 public ECCE service providers across Bihar, India. Data collection involved interviews with teachers at these centers. Descriptive and thematic analysis was used to identify key themes in the interview data regarding daily classroom activities and facilities. In the research, the service systems of most of the private service providers were found to be of high quality, while the public service providers were found to be suffering from various deficiencies in classroom operations. Comparatively, the school service and classroom maintenance systems of private service providers were better than those of public service providers, while both types of service providers were trying their best to conduct ECCE classes. Research studies indicate that the government needs to focus on highlighting the issues related to ECCE and implementing special provisions for it. There is a need for various facilities, new standard norms, and new policies for private and public service providers in this area. The state government needs to take the necessary steps in this area. Through this process, ECCE will be able to develop in its new form. What the country needs most. Keywords: service providers, private, public, standards, norms, provisions, classroom activities, ECCE

Challenges and tensions in the role of the LMS for medical education

In the context of discussions of a “next generation LMS” and other contemporary challenges in higher education, this case study looks at the iterative process a team of educational designers and Medical School academics at Australian National University used in a review of the ANU's Medical School LMS sites. Adopting the framework of the actor network theory, this reflective process discovered the tensions, dynamics and issues involved, and worked to gain and maintain key Medical School staff engagement and support for the review and for any changes that might be recommended. This paper reflects on emerging possible models for technology-enhanced learning beyond our current institutional LMS while acknowledging the institutional constraints on learning innovation within the global higher education context. Next generation LMS models may provide a more flexible future solution that could be applicable not just to medical education, but to higher education generally.

Conversion of boreal forests to agricultural systems: soil microbial responses along a land-conversion chronosequence

BackgroundBoreal regions are warming at more than double the global average, creating opportunities for the northward expansion of agriculture. Expanding agricultural production in these regions will involve the conversion of boreal forests to agricultural fields, with cumulative impacts on soil microbial communities and associated biogeochemical cycling processes. Understanding the magnitude or rate of change that will occur with these biological processes will provide information that will enable these regions to be developed in a more sustainable manner, including managing carbon and nitrogen losses. This study, based in the southern boreal region of Canada where agricultural expansion has been occurring for decades, used a paired forest-adjacent agricultural field approach to quantify how soil microbial communities and functions were altered at three different stages post-conversion (< 10, > 10 and < 50, and > 50 years). Soil microbial functional capacity was assessed by quantitative PCR of genes associated with carbon (C), nitrogen, and phosphorous (P) cycling; microbial taxonomic diversity and community structure was assessed by amplicon sequencing.ResultsFungal alpha diversity did not change, but communities shifted from Basidiomycota to Ascomycota dominant within the first decade. Bacterial alpha diversity increased, with Gemmatimonadota groups generally increasing and Actinomycetota groups generally decreasing in agricultural soils. These altered communities led to altered functional capacity. Functional genes associated with nitrification and low molecular weight C cycling potential increased after conversion, while those associated with organic P mineralization potential decreased. Stable increases in most N cycling functions occurred within the first decade, but C cycling functions were still changing 50 years post conversion.ConclusionsMicrobial communities underwent a rapid shift in the first decade, followed by several decades of slower transition until stabilizing 50 years post conversion. Understanding how the microbial communities respond at different stages post-conversion improves our ability to predict C and N losses from emerging boreal agricultural systems, and provides insight into how best to manage these soils in a way that is sustainable at the local level and within a global context.

Challenges in Researching Endangered and Vulnerable Languages in Serbia within the Project “Vulnerable Languages and Linguistic Varieties in Serbia”: Methodological and Ethical Issues

In the paper we define, elaborate and illustrate what language documentation is, firstly by focusing on the global context where the large number of vanishing languages warrants such an approach in applied linguistics, and then by narrowing our scope to the local context of the Republic of Serbia, which itself has a certain number of endangered and vulnerable languages and language varieties. Indicating the discrepancy between official records found in world catalogues and databases (UNESCO’s Atlas of the World’s Languages in Danger, Ethnologue, and The Catalogue of Endangered Languages (ELCat)) and the situation in the field as described by researchers familiar with the local context, we investigate the experiences of a team of researchers currently working on documenting Aromanian, Banat Bulgarian, Vojvodina Rusyn (Ruthenian), Judezmo (Ladino), Romani (Gurbet and Arli varieties), Megleno-Romanian and Romanian (Bayash and Vlach varieties) as endangered and vulnerable languages and language varieties in Serbia. Using interviews as a method for collecting data, conveying the researchers’ experiences in the field and their ways of dealing with various issues that come up in the process of language documentation, we have singled out two broad fields of topics. The first one tackles methodological challenges encountered prior and during field work, whereas the second focuses on ethical issues that necessarily must be resolved due to the participation of human subjects. In terms of the first group of topics, we have focused on research design (considerations involved in the project preparation), sampling (usually relying on researchers’ previous experiences more than on official records), personal involvement (often inevitable, but researchers do present strategies that help them maintain objectivity), and establishing first contact and recruiting informants (which also relies on previous work in the community). As for the second group of topics, that concerns ethical issue, the researchers have discussed the ways of getting informants’ consent for research and how they explain the importance of language documentation for that particular community and its members. Additionally, it addresses the issue of compensation that sometimes occurs, where informants expect either material or other kind of reward for helping out the research team. The paper also discusses how researchers deal with various sensitive topics that may range from personal issues to political opinions, and finally, the ethical responsibility that the researchers have towards the community they are studying in terms of giving something back and providing a sustainable relationship towards the language in question. We conclude by positioning the process of language documentation in the wider field of social studies, indicating its importance not only for sociolinguistics but also for the sociology of language, sociology of ethnicity and other related disciplines.

Multi-scalar and diasporic integration: Kurdish populations in Europe between state, diaspora and geopolitics

Abstract This article challenges both methodological nationalist and decolonial approaches to ‘integration’ by drawing attention to how transnational factors—including trans-state diaspora networks and geopolitical relations between European states and Kurdish ‘homelands’—have direct impacts on the integration trajectories of newly arrived Kurdish displaced populations in Europe. Based on over 200 interviews with Kurdish immigrants, including refugees and asylum seekers across seventeen sites in rural and urban regions in six European countries, our research suggests the need to move beyond local and national-level understandings of integration to one which is also transnational, diasporic, and multi-scalar, taking account of the enduring effects of homeland politics on integration determinants. Such a model of integration does not throw out the concept, but recognizes both the protective and empowering role that local and national policies can play in enabling refugee and diaspora populations to function autonomously in a broader transnational and global context.

Contextual cueing—Eye movements in rotated and recombined displays

Contextual cueing leads to improved efficiency in visual search resulting from the extraction of spatial regularities in repeated visual stimuli. Previous research has demonstrated the independent contributions of global configuration and spatial position to contextual cueing. The present study aimed to investigate whether learned spatial configuration or individual locations would elicit fixation patterns resembling those observed in the original displays. We found that search guidance based on either local or global spatial context, by combining distractor locations from two learned displays or rotating displays, kept not only search time facilitation intact, in agreement with previous studies, but also enabled search with less fixations and more direct scan paths to the target. Fixation distribution maps of recombined or rotated displays were more similar to the original displays than random new displays. However, for rotated displays this was only true when the rotation angle was taken into account. Overall, this shows an astonishingly flexible use of the oculomotor system for search in incompletely repeated displays.

Forum: Infrastructure

It was Europe’s wake up call: the news reported that a huge gas pipeline running across the Baltic Sea from Russia to Germany had exploded (Oltermann 2022). The explosion caused a release of gas and ruptured the pipeline, abruptly stopping the flow of gas. In the aftermath of the Russian attack and war on Ukraine, we have seen time and again how infrastructure becomes the main stage for power struggles and politics (infrastructure destroyed for various reasons) on the one hand, and how today’s infrastructures scale up to a global level and then back down to local arenas, affecting the lives of millions of people, on the other. While the pipeline explosion is only one recent example of the impact and mobilisation of infrastructures in today’s fragile global context, it well illustrates the ways in which infrastructures create and dismantle relationships, politics, connections, and disconnections, sometimes on a massive scale.

FocusDet: an efficient object detector for small object

The object scale of a small object scene changes greatly, and the object is easily disturbed by a complex background. Generic object detectors do not perform well on small object detection tasks. In this paper, we focus on small object detection based on FocusDet. FocusDet refers to the small object detector proposed in this paper. It consists of three parts: backbone, feature fusion structure, and detection head. STCF-EANet was used as the backbone for feature extraction, the Bottom Focus-PAN for feature fusion, and the detection head for object localization and recognition.To maintain sufficient global context information and extract multi-scale features, the STCF-EANet network backbone is used as the feature extraction network.PAN is a feature fusion module used in general object detectors. It is used to perform feature fusion on the extracted feature maps to supplement feature information.In the feature fusion network, FocusDet uses Bottom Focus-PAN to capture a wider range of locations and lower-level feature information of small objects.SIOU-SoftNMS is the proposed algorithm for removing redundant prediction boxes in the post-processing stage. SIOU multi-dimension accurately locates the prediction box, and SoftNMS uses the Gaussian algorithm to remove redundant prediction boxes. FocusDet uses SIOU-SoftNMS to address the missed detection problem common in dense tiny objects.The VisDrone2021-DET and CCTSDB2021 object detection datasets are used as benchmarks, and tests are carried out on VisDrone2021-det-test-dev and CCTSDB-val datasets. Experimental results show that FocusDet improves mAP@.5% from 33.6% to 46.7% on the VisDrone dataset. mAP@.5% on the CCTSDB2021 dataset is improved from 81.6% to 87.8%. It is shown that the model has good performance for small object detection, and the research is innovative.

Digitization of AEC Industries Based on BIM and 4.0 Technologies

BIM and 4.0 technologies are currently the leading branches of digitization in construction. The aim of this article is to confront theses on building information modeling (BIM) and coexisting technologies, and to present an analysis along with conclusions regarding the digitization process of AEC industries using BIM methodology and advanced digital technologies within the scope of 4.0 technologies. Key aspects of BIM and 4.0 technology integration were discussed, including artificial intelligence (AI) or big data and data science analytics. The impact of these fields on design processes, as well as on data management, monitoring of design and construction progress, and overall efficiency of AEC industries, was analyzed. The article pays particular attention to the synergy between BIM and 4.0 technology, identifying benefits, challenges, and development perspectives. Conclusions indicate the growing importance of interdisciplinarity for improving AEC industry processes and the need to adapt to the changing digital landscape in the field of design and construction. A survey was conducted, where respondents’ answers were presented in the form of charts. Questions focused on the issue of the use of BIM methodology along with coexisting technologies in the design process by the Polish engineering staff. The research results indicate that the use of the latest technological solutions in Poland is still rare, and the digital potential of these solutions is not fully utilized. The article can make a significant contribution to the discussion on technological evolution in AEC industries, identifying development directions in the context of digitization and the use of the latest achievements of 4.0 technology. Previous research has not included such a wide spectrum of BIM use in Poland. An analysis was conducted comparing Poland in a global context with other countries in BIM adoption.

IMPLEMENTATION AUTHORITY OF THE CONSTITUTIONAL COURT IN THE INDONESIAN CONSTITUTIONAL LAW SYSTEM

This study delves into the historical evolution and significance of Indonesia's Constitutional Court, focusing on its speculated super authority and independent interpretation of the Constitution. Rooted in the global context of judicial review, the research traces the court's pivotal role back to discussions during the Draft Constitution at BPUPKI and its prominence in the 1945 reform era. With the primary goal of providing a comprehensive understanding of the Constitutional Court's journey, the study sheds light on its distinctive authority and pivotal role within Indonesia's legal and constitutional framework. The research explores the court's exclusive jurisdiction, making its decisions final and binding and limiting legal recourse for dissatisfied parties. By examining the court's historical development and legal foundations, the study elucidates the Constitutional Court's role as a guardian of the constitution. The research reveals that the court's significance stems from its establishment as a constitutional guardian during the 1945 reform era, gaining prominence with the Third Amendment to the 1945 Constitution. The court's exclusive jurisdiction solidifies its position as a final arbiter in constitutional matters, shaping the legal landscape and restricting avenues for legal redress. In conclusion, the Constitutional Court has evolved into a central player in constitutional interpretation, wielding exclusive jurisdiction and serving as a final arbiter, emphasizing its unique authority and indispensable role in shaping Indonesia's legal and constitutional framework.

Tectonic processes and the evolution of the continental crust

The Earth is the only known planet where plate tectonics operates. We review features of Archaean and early Proterozoic geology that constrain tectonic environments and inform discussions of the onset of plate tectonics. There is the question of scale, and how the results of individual case studies are put into a wider global context. Global models may be difficult to test, and we seek to integrate evidence for plate tectonics being active with ancient records of subduction. We explore evidence for when the continental crust became rigid enough to facilitate plate tectonics, based on the occurrence of widespread dyke swarms and large sedimentary basins, relatively widespread granulite facies metamorphism, and evidence for crustal thickening. We argue that it remains difficult to constrain tectonic settings from contemporaneous metamorphic events without spatial control. Archaean cratons stabilised at different times in different areas from 3.1–2.5 Ga, juvenile continental crust changed from mafic to more intermediate compositions, there was a reduction in crustal growth at ca. 3 Ga, and increasing evidence for lateral movement of crustal fragments. These with the other changes at the end of the Archaean are taken to reflect the onset of plate tectonics as the dominant global regime.

Short-term wind speed interval prediction using improved quality-driven loss based gated multi-scale convolutional sequence model

Efficient estimation of the uncertainty associated with wind speed forecast is crucial for evaluating wind farms' power quality and operation. Typically, the performance of prediction interval (PI) generating models; is restricted in terms of computational efficiency inheritably from the sequential data processing; whereas restrictions in forecast quality are derived from the PI generation techniques. This paper presents an efficient Gated Multi-Scale Convolutional Sequence Model (GMSCSM) to forecast wind speed PIs. GMSCSM while conserving the ‘recurrence’ of LSTMs also offers ‘parallel input’ advantage of CNNs for better computational efficiency which is highly desirable for short-term forecasting models. In addition, capturing features at various scales in the sequence, GMSCSM learns both local details and global context which is vital for multi-horizon forecasts. The model generates quality PIs utilizing an improved quality-driven loss which we proposed by invoking calibration assessment in its existing definition. Forecasts generated for eight different datasets obtained from two different wind farms show an improvement of 30 % and 6 % in the average coverage width criterion index while reducing the model training time to nearly half and one third of the respective values obtained from traditional and LSTM based models which showcases the proposed model's excellent prediction capability and efficiency.

MFEFNet: A Multi-Scale Feature Information Extraction and Fusion Network for Multi-Scale Object Detection in UAV Aerial Images

Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are now widely used in many fields. Due to the randomness of UAV flight height and shooting angle, UAV images usually have the following characteristics: many small objects, large changes in object scale, and complex background. Therefore, object detection in UAV aerial images is a very challenging task. To address the challenges posed by these characteristics, this paper proposes a novel UAV image object detection method based on global feature aggregation and context feature extraction named the multi-scale feature information extraction and fusion network (MFEFNet). Specifically, first of all, to extract the feature information of objects more effectively from complex backgrounds, we propose an efficient spatial information extraction (SIEM) module, which combines residual connection to build long-distance feature dependencies and effectively extracts the most useful feature information by building contextual feature relations around objects. Secondly, to improve the feature fusion efficiency and reduce the burden brought by redundant feature fusion networks, we propose a global aggregation progressive feature fusion network (GAFN). This network adopts a three-level adaptive feature fusion method, which can adaptively fuse multi-scale features according to the importance of different feature layers and reduce unnecessary intermediate redundant features by utilizing the adaptive feature fusion module (AFFM). Furthermore, we use the MPDIoU loss function as the bounding-box regression loss function, which not only enhances model robustness to noise but also simplifies the calculation process and improves the final detection efficiency. Finally, the proposed MFEFNet was tested on VisDrone and UAVDT datasets, and the mAP0.5 value increased by 2.7% and 2.2%, respectively.

Application of the concepts of triple, quadruple and quintuple helices: a pilot project addressing the university-company relationship, innovation and entrepreneurship and the dissemination of technological knowledge

The importance of the university-company relationship has been growing in innovation studies, as the university is a great source of information for the innovative needs of companies. The objective of this work was to discuss the university-company relationship, considering the concepts of triple, quadruple and quintuple helix as factors that promote innovation. The methodology used was based on a systematic literature review, which presents a synthesis of the multiple articles evaluated and used. The evaluated results made it possible to highlight numerous advantages, barriers, facilitators and aspects that stimulate this relationship. Furthermore, it was possible to see how innovation, entrepreneurship and technological knowledge are important in the university-company relationship, showing that there is a need to stimulate this relationship with the aim of reducing the relationship barriers identified, as, in the current context of globalization and high-level technology development, this cooperation is of great importance for the country, positively influencing technological advances.

Lithuanian Conceptual Colour–Emotion Associations in the Global Context of 37 Nations

Red with anger or green with envy – such metaphors link colours and emotions. While such colour metaphors vary across languages, conceptual associations between colours and emotions have many cross-cultural similarities. Here, we took published data from 8615 participants (2172 men) coming from 37 nations (i.e., Austria, Azerbaijan, Belgium, China, Colombia, Croatia, Cyprus, Egypt, Estonia, Finland, France, Georgia, Germany, Greece, India, Iran, Israel, Italy, Japan, Latvia, Lithuania, Mexico, Netherlands, New Zealand, Nigeria, Norway, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Saudi Arabia, Serbia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Ukraine, United Kingdom, and United States) and analysed Lithuanian (n = 217) associations between colour terms and emotion concepts. Lithuanians had many associations, the most frequent being red–love, yellow–amusement, yellow–joy, and black–sadness (all endorsed by &gt; 60% of participants). While Lithuanians associated more emotions with colours than the other participants, the Lithuanian pattern of these associations was highly similar to the global pattern (r = .92). When compared to each other nation individually, colour–emotion association pattern similarities ranged between .65 and .89. Lithuanian patterns were the most similar to the Russian and the least similar to the Egyptian ones. Crucially, such similarities could be predicted by linguistic but not geographic distances. Nations speaking languages linguistically closer to Lithuanian also displayed more similar colour–emotion association patterns. These results support universality of colour–emotion associations and point to small but meaningful cultural differences (e.g., red represented love more strongly than anger for Lithuanians but not globally). Future studies should look whether colours can modulate emotions, or whether such associations are purely abstract.

Factors and Business Strategies for Making Local Products Successful: Case Study From the Developing Economy

Purpose: This study provides insights into the factors that determine the success of local products, taking the Hai Phong fish sauce industry as a typical example. Theoretical framework: The research team utilized qualitative techniques, focusing on gathering and analyzing secondary data across various developing countries, with a particular emphasis on local product brands in Hai Phong City, Vietnam. Results and discussion: Meticulous consideration of customer preferences and local needs is core to the success and sustainability of local products in highly competitive markets. It is concerned with preserving local culture and heritage as well as promoting ethical and sustainable values, thereby enhancing the overall impact of these products in the regional and global context. bridge. Policy implications recommend creating an enabling environment that encourages using high-quality raw materials and traditional techniques in local product development, and strategic investments in branding and marketing, while ensuring strict compliance with food safety regulations. This study has limitations, mainly related to the focus on Hai Phong fish sauce products, which may limit the generalizability of the findings. Research Implications: Future research should include a broader range of products and local areas. Traditional production methods and craftsmanship are essential in product differentiation, cultural preservation, and consumer loyalty. Furthermore, appropriate packaging and branding are indispensable to attract consumer attention and communicate the value of the product. Marketing and distribution strategies enhance product visibility and consumer engagement. Originality/value: Appropriate packaging and branding are indispensable to attract consumer attention and communicate the value of the product. Marketing and distribution strategies enhance product visibility and consumer engagement.

Toward Sustainable Global Product Development Performance: Exploring the Criticality of Organizational Factors and the Moderating Influence of Global Innovation Culture

In today’s dynamic and global landscape, innovation and globalization are intricately linked drivers that propel modern businesses forward, serving as indispensable pillars upon which organizations heavily rely to maintain their competitive edge. Leveraging innovation within the context of global product development (GPD) practices is imperative for organizations seeking to survive and effectively compete in the rapidly evolving marketplace. While preceding studies have primarily focused on the importance of individual and organizational capabilities, policies, and cultural factors in driving product development (PD) performance, they often overlook their interconnectedness within a global context. To address this gap, this study delves into the relationship between organizational factors and global product development performance (GPDP) while examining the moderating influence of global innovation culture (GIC). These organizational factors encompass technological innovation capabilities (TICs), team creativity (TC), dynamic capabilities (DCA), and competitive advantage (CA). Our hypothesis suggests a positive impact of these factors on GPD performance. Employing a structural equation modeling (SEM) approach through SMART-PLS 3, we analyzed data collected from 480 questionnaire forms distributed among registered global product development (GPD) organizations operating in China. The empirical findings underscore the significant influence of organizational factors on GPD performance, highlighting the critical role of global innovation culture in shaping these relationships. These insights shed light on the importance of establishing a harmonious balance between organizational culture and various factors to enhance interaction among organizational elements and optimize global product development performance. Ultimately, these efforts can lead to improvements in the overall effectiveness and sustained global product development.

Unlocking Knowledge in the Digital Savanna: Innovative Approaches to Crafting E-Learning Experiences at the University of Botswana

The digital revolution has reshaped the landscape of education, offering unprecedented opportunities for knowledge dissemination and acquisition. This study presents a comprehensive exploration of innovative e-learning approaches implemented at the University of Botswana, which represents a remarkable case study in the evolving global educational context. The research leverages a rigorous mixed-methods approach, including case studies, surveys, and qualitative interviews with educators and students, to investigate the multifaceted strategies adopted by the university to transform traditional pedagogy. The study explores how the University of Botswana has embraced diverse e-learning methodologies, such as blended learning, gamification, and virtual labs, to enhance its educational delivery. Blended learning, combining in-person and online instruction, has not only expanded access but also yielded positive impacts on student engagement and performance. Gamification strategies have reinvigorated learning by incorporating game elements, fostering motivation, and increasing knowledge retention. Virtual labs have enriched the student experience by enabling hands-on, remote experimentation, overcoming geographical constraints. The findings underscore the University of Botswana's dedication to utilizing digital technology to democratize and elevate education in an African context. Moreover, this research delves into the institutional challenges and successes in integrating e-learning, highlighting the significance of faculty development, technological infrastructure, and student support systems in achieving transformative educational outcomes. The experiences and strategies documented in this study offer valuable insights and best practices that can inform higher education institutions globally as they navigate the ever-evolving digital realm. This research contributes to the broader discourse on the global transformation of education in the digital age, with implications for enhancing access, equity, and educational quality. In an era marked by dynamic technological advancements and changing educational paradigms, the University of Botswana's innovative e-learning initiatives serve as a beacon of inspiration and a source of valuable lessons for academic institutions committed to unlocking knowledge in the digital savanna.

ВЛИЯНИЕ КУЛЬТУРНЫХ ФАКТОРОВ НА СИСТЕМУ ХОЗЯЙСТВОВАНИЯ

The article examines the influence of cultural factors on the economic system in the modern world. The study draws attention to how the cultural characteristics of different peoples shape their approaches to economic activity, having a significant impact on such aspects as the organizational structure of enterprises, production methods, attitudes to labor and resources, as well as management practices. The authors analyze the differences in cultural approaches to business and economic activity in different countries, paying attention to the influence of historical, religious, ethnic and social factors on the formation of these approaches. Special attention is paid to cross-cultural differences in business management and decision-making, as well as to the influence of cultural stereotypes on the development of technology and innovation. The article emphasizes the importance of understanding cultural factors when developing business management and development strategies in a global context, as well as the need to adapt strategies to local cultural characteristics in order to achieve success in global markets.