Fraudulent Financial Reporting Research Articles

NON-CYCLICAL INDUSTRIAL PERFORMANCE IN INDONESIA: THE MODERATION OF AUDIT QUALITY

This study aims to analyze the factors of hexagon fraud in detecting financial statement fraud in non-cyclical sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2020-2022. Based on the purposive sampling method, the number of companies sampled in this study was 33 research criteria of non-cyclical companies with a total of 66 observations. The results of this study found that the element of pressure proxied by government projects had a significant effect on fraudulent financial statements. Meanwhile, financial targets, financial stability, changes in directors, ineffective monitoring, change in auditors, frequent number of CEO's pictures, political connections, state-owned enterprises, and audit opinions have no significant effect on fraudulent financial reports in non-cyclicals sector companies listed on the IDX 2020-2021.

Can The Diamond Fraud Model Influence the Occurrence of Fraudulent Financial Reporting?

This research is quantitative in nature and is intended to examine whether can the diamond fraud model influence the occurrence of fraudulent financial reporting. The fraud diamond theory is measured by pressure (financial stability, financial targets, and external pressure), opportunity (ineffective monitoring), rationalization (change in auditor), and capability (change of director). State-owned business (BUMN) registered on the stock exchange of Indonesia between 2016 and 2022 comprise the population considered within this research. Purposive sampling was utilized in this research to select 154 companies for the sample. In this work, logistic regression analysis is the analytical method. The findings within this research show that the variables of financial stability and financial targets have a significant negative impact on the occurrence of fraudulent financial reporting, while the variables of external pressure and director change do not affect the occurrence of fraudulent financial reporting. The variables of ineffective monitoring and change in auditors also affect the occurrence of fraudulent financial reporting .

Audit Committee as a Moderation Variable of Fraud Triangle Effect on Fraudulent Statement

One of the indicators of a company's achievement is the presentation of financial reports. It becomes a problem that is detrimental to the state and the company itself while the company modifies its financial reports to attract investors. This research is aimed at exploring the relationship between fraud triangle theory (stimulus/stability, opportunity, rationalization) which influences financial report fraud (f-score) with audit committee moderation variables which are still inconsistent, as well as reminding investors to be more careful in investing funds. Additionally, it aims to caution investors to be more careful in investing their funds. A total of 165 manufacturing sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in the 2019-2022 research period were used as the population and sample data was obtained using a purposive sampling technique of 52 units (208 observation data) in this research. The research data analysis method is processed in the SmartPLS application in processing sample data. Testing the validity of the research model was carried out using convergent validity & discriminant validity and research hypothesis testing was used by bootstrapping. The research results showed that only the stimulus/stability variable had significant implications for fraudulent statements. However, the opportunity and rationalization variables have no influence and are not significant. Then the audit committee as a moderating variable succeeded in strengthening the influence of opportunity on fraudulent statements. Meanwhile, the audit committee has not been able to strengthen or weaken the relationship between stimulus/stability and rationalization variables in the tendency for fraudulent financial statements to occur.

Effects of Audit Committee on Fraudulent Financial Reporting Among Listed Firms in Kenya.

Fraudulent financial reporting poses significant risks to the integrity of financial markets, investor confidence, and the overall economy. As a result, effective corporate governance mechanisms are crucial in mitigating the occurrence of fraudulent activities. The audit committee, as a key component of corporate governance, plays a vital role in overseeing financial reporting and providing assurance on the reliability of financial statements. This paper aims to explore the effects of audit committee characteristics on fraudulent financial reporting of listed firms in Kenya. Specifically, the study assessed the effect of Audit Committee; gender, financial expertise, size and independence on fraudulent financial reporting. The study was anchored on the Fraud Pentagon theory. Explanatory research design and longitudinal research design was employed in this study where secondary panel data was obtained through content analysis from audited financial statements spanning from 2012 to 2021. The study targeted listed firms in Kenya during the study period and only firms that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria were retained. After applying the inclusion/exclusion criteria only 40 firms formed the study population. Data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the significance of each independent variable being tested at 95% confidence level. The findings show that Gender (β1 = -.1154, p=.000.05) and Financial expertise (β2 = -.200, p=.000.05), Size (β3 = -.1457, p=.001.05), and Independence (β4 = -.1818, p=.000.05) had negative and significant effect on fraudulent financial reporting on firms in Kenya. Thus, the study concluded that audit committee characteristics such as gender variability, audit committee size, audit committee financial expertise and audit committee independence significantly influence fraudulent financial reported among listed firms in Kenya. Based on the findings, the study recommends enhancing the effectiveness of the audit committee in preventing fraudulent financial reporting, organizations should strive for gender diversity within the committee. This can be achieved by actively seeking and appointing qualified female candidates to the audit committee. Promoting diversity ensures a range of perspectives and experiences, leading to more robust discussions, increased scrutiny of financial reporting practices, and improved decision-making. Secondly, Organizations should prioritize the independence of the audit committee by ensuring that committee members are free from any conflicts of interest and have no direct ties to management. Additionally, Organizations should carefully consider the size of the audit committee to optimize its effectiveness in addressing fraudulent financial reporting. Lastly, Organizations should establish mechanisms for continuous monitoring and evaluation of the audit committee's performance. Regular assessments of the committee's effectiveness in detecting and preventing fraudulent financial reporting can help identify areas for improvement.

The Role of Institutional Ownership in Detecting Fraudulent Financial Reporting: Fraud Heptagon Model Analysis

This study investigates the impact of seven factors: pressure, opportunity, rationalization, capability, arrogance, ignorance, and greed on Fraudulent Financial Reporting using the Fraud Heptagon model analysis, with Institutional Ownership and the Audit Committee as moderating variables. Focused on state-owned enterprises in Indonesia from 2018 to 2022, purposive sampling yielded 141 samples. Employing regression analysis through Warp PLS software version 8.0, results indicate that opportunity, capability, and ignorance negatively affect fraudulent financial reporting, suggesting potential mitigating roles. Conversely, pressure, rationalization, arrogance, and avarice positively impact Fraudulent Financial Reporting. Notably, institutional ownership moderates the correlation between Greed on fraudulent financial reporting. These findings contribute insight into the dynamics of Fraudulent Financial Reporting activity, emphasizing the need for a comprehensive understanding and strong control mechanisms to effectively prevent Fraudulent Financial Reporting.

PENGARUH ELEMEN FRAUD PENTAGON TERHADAP DETEKSI KECURANGAN LAPORAN KEUANGAN

This research aims to examine the influence of the fraud pentagon on fraudulent financial reports in startup companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This research uses quantitative methods. The data collection used was purposive sampling from 8 startup companies listed on the IDX for the 2019-2023 period with a 5 year financial reporting period. Hypothesis testing was carried out using multiple linear regression using SPSS 29. The results of this study show that financial stability, ineffective supervision, change of auditor, change of director and CEO image have no effect on financial statement fraud

Fraudulent Financial Reporting: How far has it been Researched?

This study aims to determine the development and trend map of fraudulent financial reporting research that is published by a reputable journal in the theme of economics and finance. The data analyzed were more than 91 publications of indexed research publications. The export data is then processed and analyzed using the R Biblioshiny application program to find out the bibliometric map of the development of the research in this topic. The results showed that the number of publications on the fraudulent financial reporting research experienced a significant increase. The results show that the most popular authors are Groove H and Carcello JV, and the most popular keyword topics are Financial, Reporting, and Fraudulent. Apart from that, there are several trend topics related to fraudulent financial reporting.

Can Words Reveal Fraud? A Lexicon Approach to Detecting Fraudulent Financial Reporting

Can Words Reveal Fraud? A Lexicon Approach to Detecting Fraudulent Financial Reporting

PENGARUH FRAUD DIAMOND TERHADAP FRAUDULENT FINANCIAL REPORTING DENGAN KOMITE AUDIT SEBAGAI VARIABEL MODERASI (STUDI PADA PERUSAHAAN NON CYCLICAL YANG TERDAFTAR.DI BURSA EFEK.INDONESIA.TAHUN 2018-2021)

This research aims to analyze the effects of Fraud Diamond, which is divided into pressure, opportunity, rationalization, and capability, on fraudulent financial reporting with the audit committee as a moderating variable in the consumer goods industry sector in manufacturing corporations listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (BEI). In this research, purposive sampling was used to select 24 samples focused on corporations in the non-cyclical consumer goods industry sector during the 2018-2021 period. The data used came from secondary sources, such as financial reports and corporate annual reports downloaded from corporate websites and the Indonesian Stock Exchange website. Data analysis was carried out using a multiple regression model through the SPSS (Statistical Program for Social Science) data processing application. The research results indicate that there is a positive influence of rationalization factors on fraudulent financial reports. However, pressure and opportunity factors do not have a positive influence on fraudulent financial reports. Apart from that, the capability factor has a negative influence on fraudulent financial reports. It is important to note that the audit committee was unable to reduce the influence of pressure, opportunity, capability and rationalization factors on fraudulent financial reports.

Nexus Between Possibility of Fraudulent Financial Reporting and Corporate Governance: Evidence from Bangladesh

This paper intends to test the nexus between the possibility of fraudulent financial reporting and the corporate governance in Bangladesh. The content analysis of annual reports has been performed for 125 Bangladeshi listed manufacturing companies. In this study, we apply more than one fraud indicator models such as Altman Z-score and Beneish M-score models to determine more accurately the chance of fraudulent financial reporting. The chance of fraudulent financial reporting is determined based on whether either one or both of Altman Z-score and Beneish M-score models show red flags of potential fraud. This study found that board members with finance or accounting backgrounds are less likely to practice in misleading financial reporting since they may have the knowledge essential to understand fraudulent financial reporting strategies. This result implies that qualified directors may supervise financial reporting practices better, hence improving the quality of financial reports. Alternatively, some other components of corporate governance, such as board size, board independence, director ownership, gender diversity, and auditors' independence, have insignificant impacts on fraudulent financial reporting practices. This outcome indicates that these Bangladeshi corporate governance components may not be as strong in improving financial reporting credibility. In the context of Bangladesh, this is the first empirical study with management and policy implications. To the best of the writers’ knowledge, no article yet has been worked on the possibility of fraudulent financial reporting which calculated by multiple models and its relationship with the corporate governance in the context of Bangladesh.

ANALYSIS OF THE UTILIZATION OF ALTMAN Z-SCORE, BENEISH M-SCORE, AND F-SCORE MODEL IN DETECTING FRAUDULENT OF FINANCIAL REPORTING: A LITERATURE REVIEW

Financial statement fraud has serious implications, and early detection through methods like Altman Z-Score, Beneish M-Score, and F-Score can help prevent losses. Although each method has strengths and weaknesses, combining them or adding additional measures can enhance fraud detection accuracy. This research aims to explore the use of Altman Z-Score, Beneish M-Score, and F-Score in detecting Fraudulent Financial Reporting. we intend to examine whether Altman Z-Score, Beneish M-Score, or F-Score have influence on detecting financial statement fraud, and what the comparative level is among these methods. The methodology employs a literature review approach using the SINTA and Scopus databases to gather information from scholarly publications in the last 10 years. The choice of these databases is based on the excellence of SINTA as a local Indonesian database and Scopus as a deep international data source. The research objectives include testing the influence of each method in detecting Fraudulent Financial Reporting and analyzing their comparative levels. The theoretical contribution involves enhancing knowledge for readers and researchers, providing references for further research. In practical terms, the research is expected to offer insights to readers, especially investors, for considering the most appropriate analytical method in identifying and preventing Fraudulent Financial Reporting in investment decision-making.

THE EFFECT OF FRAUD HEXAGON ON FRAUDULENT FINANCIAL STATEMENTS: EMPIRICAL STUDY OF NON-CYCLICALS COMPANIES IN INDONESIA

This study aims to analyze the factors of hexagon fraud in detecting financial statement fraud in non-cyclical sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the 2020-2021. Based on the purposive sampling method, the number of companies sampled in this study was 33 research criteria of non-cyclical companies with a total of 66 observations. The results of this study found that the element of pressure proxied by government projects had a significant effect on fraudulent financial statements. Meanwhile, financial targets, financial stability, changes in directors, ineffective monitoring, change in auditors, frequent number of CEO's pictures, political connections, state-owned enterprises, and audit opinions have no significant effect on fraudulent financial reports in non-cyclicals sector companies listed on the IDX 2020-2021.

Analysis of Hexagon Fraud Model, the S.C.C.O.R.E Model Influencing Fraudulent Financial Reporting on State-Owned Companies of Indonesia

Abstract This research aims to analyze the influence of each Hexagon Fraud factor that causes fraudulent financial reporting, namely Pressure, Opportunity, Rationalization, Arrogance, Capability and Collusion based on respondents’ perceptions of the content. The research methodology used is a quantitative method, sample determination was carried out using a purposive sampling method with certain criteria. The questionnaire was distributed to 3 leaders and 3 officials based on the selected sample. Primary data was obtained to test 6 research hypotheses based on the answers of 96 respondents from 16 State-Owned Enterprises (SOEs) from the selected sample. Data processing uses Smart PLS version 3.00 to test validity and reliability and test research hypotheses. The results of research on hexagon fraud theory show that Opportunity, Arrogance and Capability have a positive and significant effect on Fraudulent Financial Reporting, while Pressure, Rationalization and Collusion do not have a significant effect on Fraudulent Financial Reporting. Research findings reveal that fraud perpetrators are parties who have a deep understanding of the company’s internal control policies, especially knowledge about the effectiveness or ineffectiveness of internal controls, both from within and from outside SOEs. Fraud perpetrators may come from leaders or officials who are knowledgeable about the organizational structure and governance of officials in strategic positions.

The Influence of the Audit Committee Characteristics on Fraudulent Financial Reporting

The Influence of the Audit Committee Characteristics on Fraudulent Financial Reporting

Evaluasi Efektivitas Pengukuran Laporan Keuangan: A Systematic Literature Review

This article explores financial report fraud, factors that cause fraud and formulas for detecting fraud. The method used in this research is Systematic Literature Review (SLR), which involves the analysis of articles published from 2000 to 2023. Based on the data, 26 initial articles were obtained from Scopus in the analysis period, and only 13 articles were analyzed effectively. The findings show that the M-Score and F-Score models are widely used in identifying financial statement fraud. It is known that using the M-Sore, F-Score and Benford's law formulas has its own advantages and disadvantages depending on the sample and country studied. This paper provides insight for academics, practitioners, and policy makers to help detect and prevent fraud as well as develop it to make it easier for investors and auditors to detect fraud that occurs in financial reports.
 Keywords: Fraud, Fraud Detection, Systematic Literature Review, Financial Statement Fraud

Fraud Diamond In Financial Reporting Fraud Detection with Audit Committee as A Moderation

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of fraud diamond using four proxies, namely Financial Target, Ineffective Monitoring, Auditor Change and Board of Directors Change on the detection of financial statement fraud and the influence of the audit committee relationship as a moderating variable. This study used a sample of 16 companies from the agricultural product sub-sector that were listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange from 2017 to 2021. The data used is secondary data in the form of financial reports and annual reports of the sample companies. Hypothesis testing was carried out using a panel data linear regression model with eviews 12 software. The results of this study indicate that Financial Targets and Auditor Turnover have an effect on fraudulent financial reports, Ineffective Monitoring and replacement of directors have no effect on fraudulent financial statements. The audit committee was unable to moderate the influence of Financial Targets, Ineffective Monitoring, Auditor replacements, Directors replacement on fraudulent financial reporting

Analisis Kecurangan Laporan Keuangan dalam Perspektif Teori Fraud Hexagon pada Perusahaan Industri Keuangan yang Terdaftar di Bursa Efek Indonesia Tahun 2017-2022

This study aims to prove and verify the potential for Fraudulent Financial Reporting (FFR) based on the hexagon fraud theory. FFR practices cause losses to investors, creditors and other stakeholders, so it is important to identify the elements that trigger FFR practices. The elements of the hexagon fraud theory are stimulus, capability, collusion, opportunity, rationalization and ego in influencing the occurrence of FFR. Companies in the financial industry listed on the IDX 2017-2022 as the population in this study with a total of 95 companies. The sampling technique used purposive sampling and produced 55 companies as research samples. The research approach used is a quantitative approach. The data analysis technique used is SEM-PLS which is processed with the SmartPLS Vs 3.0 program. The findings in this study indicate that stimulus, capability, ego and collusion have a negative effect on FFR while there is no opportunity and rationalization effect on FFR. The results of this study contribute to academics in broadening references regarding factors triggering the occurrence of FFR, as well as adding insight to companies in detecting FFR as an effort to improve the company's control system and as a tool for potential investors in analyzing their investments to reduce the risk of loss

Mendeteksi Indikasi Kecurangan Laporan Keuangan dengan Metode F-Score Menggunakan Model Fraud Pentagon

Fraud in financial reports can occur because there is pressure on agents, thereby encouraging them to commit fraudulent acts whose aim is to show that the company is performing well. This research aims to test the fraud pentagon theory in detecting indications of fraudulent financial statements. Testing was carried out on mining companies registered on the IDX during the 2016 - 2020 period. Sample selection was carried out using a purposive sampling technique with a final sample of 21 mining companies. Data analysis in this study used multiple linear regression analysis. The research results show that external pressure has a negative effect on detecting indications of financial report fraud and ineffective monitoring has a positive effect on detecting indications of financial report fraud. This research provides implications for all parties who need information to provide an assessment of the opportunities for indications of financial statement fraud in mining companies by considering the factors that influence it.
 Keywords: Fraud Pentagon Theory; Fraudulent Financial Reporting;  Mining Compines

Fraudulent Financial Reporting and Fraud Hexagon: Evidence from Infrastructure Companies in ASEAN

"This study aims to analyse the factors that may influence fraudulent financial reporting using the fraud hexagon model. The subjects of this study are the infrastructure sector companies listed on the stock exchanges of every ASEAN country for the period of 2019-2021. This study uses logistic regression with F-Score as the measurement for the dependent variable. The result of this study suggests that financial target, change in BOD, and CEO’s education affect fraudulent financial reporting. While financial stability, external pressure, e-procurement, electronic whistle blowing system, change in auditor, and CEO’s military or political connection do not affect fraudulent financial reporting. This study advances the knowledge of variables that may influence fraudulent financial reporting using a few new proxies for the fraud hexagon’s element, namely the e-procurement, electronic whistle blowing system, CEO’s education, and CEO’s military or political connection. The findings of this study have provided several practical implications for the company’s stakeholders to prevent fraudulent financial reporting. In the context of the fraud hexagon, this research is the first study to date that can show the significant and positive relationship between CEOs’ education and fraudulent financial reporting. The limitations of this study are the short observation period and the low R-square of the model."

Effective methods for detecting fraudulent financial reporting: practical insights from Big 4 auditors

PurposeUsing a qualitative grounded theory approach, this study explores the methods experienced external auditors use to detect fraudulent financial reporting (FFR) during standard audits.Design/methodology/approachSemi-structured interviews were conducted with 24 experienced external auditors to explore the methods they used to detect FFR successfully during standard external audits.FindingsThe authors find 58 methods used for FFR detection, out of which the following methods are frequently used and help in detecting more than one type of FFR: (1) specific analytical procedures, (2) positive confirmation, (3) understanding of the client's business and industry, (4) the inspection of specific documents, (5) a detailed analysis of the audit client's anti-fraud controls and (6) investigating tip-offs from suppliers, employees and customers.Research limitations/implicationsBased on the grounded theory approach, the authors theorise that auditors must return to the basics and focus on specific audit procedures highlighted in this study for effective fraud detection.Practical implicationsThe study provides practical guidance, including 58 methods used in audit practice to detect FFR. This knowledge can improve auditors' skills in detecting material misstatements due to fraud. Besides, analytical procedures and positive confirmation helped external auditors in this study detect all forms of FFR, yet they are overlooked in the external audit practice. Therefore, audit firms should emphasise the significance of these audit procedures in their professional audit training programmes. Audit regulators should advise auditors to consider positive confirmation instead of negative confirmation in financial audits to increase the likelihood of FFR detection. Moreover, audit standards (ISA 240 and SAS 99) should explicitly require auditors to conduct a detailed analysis of the client's anti-fraud controls.Originality/valueThis is the first study to identify actual, effective methods used by external auditors in detecting FFR during the ordinary course of an audit.