Policy Framework For Development Research Articles

ANALYZING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN HEALTH EXPENDITURE, RENEWABLE ENERGY AND LIFE EXPECTANCY: EVIDENCE FROM ASIAN COUNTRIES

This study investigates the relationship between health expenditures, renewable energy and life expectancy in Asian countries within a model covering the period 2000-2020. GDP data are also included in the model. In the study, after applying cross-sectional dependence test and Cross-sectional Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root tests, panel cointegration test is employed to show whether there is a long-run mutual relationship between health expenditures and other variables, and then Dumitrescu-Hurlin (2012) panel causality analysis method is used to test the causality between the relevant variables in Asian countries. According to the empirical findings, while causality is found between health expenditures and renewable energy in most of the Asian countries, there is also a high level of causality between life expectancy and health expenditures. Moreover, the cointegration test between health expenditures and other variables confirms that there is a long-run relationship between the variables. It is concluded that policy makers in Asian economies should develop policy frameworks that provide opportunities for renewable energy consumption and support investment in renewable energy projects to promote the use of clean technologies. Thus, an increase in renewable energy consumption can lead to economic prosperity by not only improving quality of life but also increasing productivity.

A política de turismo considera o clima? Explorando as narrativas sobre a estação chuvosa na zona costeira de Alagoas, Brasil

Abstract This study aims to expand the discussion regarding the extent to which tourism can address socioeconomic expectations. Like other coastal regions, the state of Alagoas has prioritised tourism promotion, despite facing a rainy season that hinders its primary form of tourism, known as Sea, Sun and Sand tourism. We have based our assessment on climate and weather. Through various sources, we have identified narratives related to the rainy season. When crossing these narratives with the Alagoas Strategic Plan for Tourism Development 2013-2023, our findings revealed that the state’s policy inadequately addresses the impact of the rainy season. Consequently, we have proposed some recommendations to better align with current local-regional constraints and demands. Beyond the scope of this work, our narrative approach has proven valuable in expanding the consideration of values and meanings within the framework of public policy development, potentially fostering a more holistic understanding of the environment-society relationship.

Analyzing the impact of sustainable economic development from the policy text network: Based on the practice of China's bay area policy.

In order to break through the surface analysis of the content structure of policy texts, an in-depth discussion of the linkage between regional policy makers and objectives is helpful to analyze the formation mechanism of policy effects. Through social network analysis and multi-index analysis, this study takes the QianwanNew Area of Ningbo and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area as representatives to explore the policy framework for the sustainable development of manufacturing industry in the two bay areas respectively. Through the construction of government department cooperation network, policy keyword co-occurrence network, department keyword correlation network, and the analysis of network density, network centrality, structural holes, and cohesive subgroups, it is found that the impact results show great differences, which is related to the network structure of manufacturing policy text.

Green Hydrogen Policies in the Clean Energy Transition- A Comparative Analysis of Russia and China

Green hydrogen leads energy transition plans to address environmental issues worldwide.  As governments seek to cut carbon emissions and improve energy security, green hydrogen from wind, solar, and hydropower appears to be promising. This abstract summarizes an in-depth comparative research of green hydrogen economies and regulatory frameworks in China and Russia, two key geopolitical powers. China, the world's greatest greenhouse gas emitter, and Russia, an energy exporter, shape the global energy landscape. Both nations have pledged to green hydrogen generation as part of their decarbonization efforts. This report examines their green hydrogen efforts' distinctive features and trajectories, including their investment motivations, aspirations, and technology advances. This paper compares China and Russia's green hydrogen development policy frameworks and regulatory processes. It investigates policy levers that drive or hinder growth, public-private partnerships, and worldwide sustainability objectives. The geopolitical consequences of China and Russia's green hydrogen efforts are also examined. It examines how their policies affect regional and global energy, commerce, and diplomatic ties. The research also examines whether these two countries will cooperate or compete in the green hydrogen industry. This study seeks to analyze China and Russia's green hydrogen landscapes via energy policy analysis, environmental studies, and international relations. Policymakers, business stakeholders, and researchers interested in the transition to a sustainable energy future and its geopolitical consequences benefit from its insights into their plans, difficulties, and regulatory settings. This report adds to the worldwide discussion on using green hydrogen as a key component of a decarbonized energy system.

A geopolitics of knowledge analysis of higher education internationalisation in Kazakhstan

AbstractThis critical interpretive paper deploys Walter Mignolo's geopolitics of knowledge concept to examine higher education internationalisation in Kazakhstan. Amidst growing concerns about economic and environmental sustainability, elitism and cognitive justice, among other critical issues, internationalisation remains a vital government policy. By tracing Kazakhstan's development since independence from the Soviet Union and focusing on key higher education development policy frameworks, the paper argues and illustrates that: (1) the internationalisation of higher education in Kazakhstan promotes a specific representation of the world that is considered universal and modern; (2) the internationalisation of higher education in Kazakhstan illustrates the existing hierarchical global higher education system that is dominated by the West as centres of knowledge and learning while allocating other countries peripheral roles; and (3) the geopolitics of knowledge concept enables the reading of higher education internationalisation beyond what is knowledge to who, why and where knowledge is produced. The data for this paper came from a qualitative study that involved 15 semi‐structured interviews with graduates who studied abroad at Western universities through the government‐sponsored Bolashak Scholarship. Three focus group sessions with 21 graduate students at Nazarbayev University complemented the interviews. The qualitative data suggest that Mignolo's geopolitics of knowledge offers a close‐to‐perfect description of the internationalisation of higher education in Kazakhstan. The conclusion drawn from this post‐Soviet study is the universalisation of Western knowledge as nations utilise it for meaningful development, despite decolonial and cognitive justice concerns.

Policy and regulatory frameworks for agritourism development in India: A scoping review

Policy and regulatory frameworks for agritourism development in India: A scoping review

Digital Media-Based Interventions to Promote Healthy Lifestyles and Psychological Wellbeing of Nurses in Kenya

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to find out the effectiveness of applying digital media tools as an intervention to enhance the availability of information and resources related to mental health care to nurses and promote a healthy lifestyle. A growing number of health care workers suffer from mental health issues and poor psychological well-being. Many workers report cases of anxiety, burnout, and depression because of poor working conditions and unfavorable environments. Protecting health and well-being of care workers through integration of interventions aimed at increasing knowledge on mental health is one of the best strategies that could yield good outcomes for care givers. Nurses spend a large proportion of their lives in hospitals, hence, a need to create a healthy and safe working environment. Investing in a culture of managing and preventing mental health issues among the nursing staff by integrating modern approaches aimed at supporting education and training on mental health and psychological wellbeing remains a key agenda for the improvement of wellbeing of nurses. Emerging digital technologies such as social media, mobile-based and web-based applications have created new ways that individuals use to interact with one another, and could be very useful in creating awareness and enhancing knowledge on mental health and wellbeing of nurses. Majority of nurses have access to smartphones, which makes it easy to access mental health care through various mobile applications.
 Methodology: The study targeted nurses in Kenyan hospitals, with specific focus on public hospitals in Embu County. A quantitative research was conducted with a sample size of 100 nurses from level-4 and level-5 hospitals. 65 responses were collected.
 Findings: The outcome showed that majority of nurse have active social media channels and have been using them to learn more about mental health. Also, it was found out that using social media has a major role to play in increasing awareness on mental health among nurses, and it ensures nurses embrace a healthy lifestyle.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Findings from the study are of great significance towards developing interventions and policy approaches for promoting healthy lifestyle and improving psychological wellbeing of nurses. Also, the outcome would be of help in developing policy frameworks for managing and preventing mental health among health workers.

Governance of Skill Development and Policy Perspectives: A Comparison of India, US, EU and China

Governments across the world have developed strong policy frameworks stimulating the growth of skill ecosystems. The aim of this paper is to present the evolution of policy framework for skill development across India, USA, the EU and China from a comparative perspective. The 'Skill India Mission' emphasizes employability, while skill policies across the US are focused on reducing the dependence on skill imports. The European Agenda for Skill (EAS) meanwhile emphasizes skilling citizens for the transition towards digital and greenways. Similarly, Chinese skill policies address the structural contradictions in the employment scenario. However, the policies addressing skill development depend on multiple factors such as demographic profile, socio-economic realities, industry needs, and political aspirations. Therefore, countries around the world focused on skill development must prioritise stakeholder interventions, increase in budget allocation, integrating soft skills with academically-based education, and vocational content which is crucial for transforming the workforce.

Spatial variation in livelihood security among livestock-based agricultural farming systems in climatically vulnerable Indian Sundarbans.

Farm households in the UNESCO World Heritage site Sundarbans face serious problems, including increased soil salinity, frequent extreme weather events, seawater intrusion and flood damage, all of which cause distress to the livelihoods of the farm families. Policymakers commonly acknowledge livestock as a crucial resource for mitigating economic losses caused by crop failures due to extreme weather events. Despite Sundarbans' vulnerability to extreme weather events, smallholder farmers' livelihoods vary across the region. Identifying spatial livelihood variations aids in targeted strategies to address climate extremes. We chose the highest cow- and buffalo-populated blocks among the 19 blocks in the Sundarbans to assess variations in livelihood dimensions, including nutritional, economic, social and infrastructural security. We used dummy variable regression models to examine the differences in livelihood security dimensions among households living in different locations. The study found that Namkhana had the highest livelihood security score among the blocks studied, while Gosaba had the lowest score because it's in a remote area with limited infrastructure. The study found a significant difference in the overall livelihood security score among the blocks we examined, indicating the need for a location-specific, cluster-based approach for the overall development of the Sundarbans. The study can shape a policy framework for socio-economic development in the Indian Sundarbans through its findings on location-specific livelihood security. For securing smallholder farmers' livelihoods in the vulnerable Sundarbans region, policymakers must give priority to improving infrastructure, viz., roads, marketing facilities and animal healthcare centers.

From Ethics to Execution: The Role of Academic Librarians in Artificial Intelligence (AI) Policy-Making at Colleges and Universities

This paper highlights the importance of involving academic librarians in the development of ethical AI policies. The Academic Librarian Framework for Ethical AI Policy Development (ALF Framework) is introduced, recognizing librarians’ unique skills and expertise. The paper discusses the benefits of their involvement, including expertise in information ethics and privacy, practical experience with AI tools, and collaborations. It also addresses challenges, such as limited awareness, institutional resistance, resource constraints, interdisciplinary collaboration, and evolving AI technologies, offering practical solutions. By actively involving librarians, institutions can develop comprehensive and ethical AI policies that prioritize social responsibility and respect for human rights.

The Rural Areas of the Krasnodar Region in the Context of Spatial Development Policy: A Socio-Demographic Aspect

The development of rural areas of the Krasnodar region has to be studied within the framework of the spatial development policies implemented at the federal and regional levels and the features of social and demographic processes in the rural population of the region. The author concludes about significant structural changes in the composition of the rural population of the Kuban, which, due to the inertia of demographic processes, are not yet so noticeable today, but in the future may become irreversible. The author also notes that the development of rural areas in the region, in the presence of several general trends, is characterized by heterogeneity, which requires the development and implementation of spatial development programs considering the characteristics of specific rural areas. In addition, it should be considered that the models used in the implementation of rural development policies should consider not so much the economic component of the village (sectoral model), but focus on the development, first of all, of human capital in the unique conditions of a particular territory (neo-endogenous and territorial models).

An international comparative analysis and roadmap to sustainable biosimilar markets.

Background: Although biosimilar uptake has increased (at a variable pace) in many countries, there have been recent concerns about the long-term sustainability of biosimilar markets. The aim of this manuscript is to assess the sustainability of policies across the biosimilar life cycle in selected countries with a view to propose recommendations for supporting biosimilar sustainability. Methods: The study conducted a comparative analysis across 17 countries from North America, South America, Asia-Pacific, Europe and the Gulf Cooperation Council. Biosimilar policies were identified and their sustainability was assessed based on country-specific reviews of the scientific and grey literature, validation by industry experts and 23 international and local non-industry experts, and two advisory board meetings with these non-industry experts. Results: Given that European countries tend to have more experience with biosimilars and more developed policy frameworks, they generally have higher sustainability scores than the other selected countries. Existing approaches to biosimilar manufacturing and R&D, policies guaranteeing safe and high-quality biosimilars, exemption from the requirement to apply health technology assessment to biosimilars, and initiatives counteracting biosimilar misconceptions are considered sustainable. However, biosimilar contracting approaches, biosimilar education and understanding can be ameliorated in all selected countries. Also, similar policies are sometimes perceived to be sustainable in some markets, but not in others. More generally, the sustainability of the biosimilar landscape depends on the nature of the healthcare system and existing pharmaceutical market access policies, the experience with biosimilar use and policies. This suggests that a general biosimilar policy toolkit that ensures sustainability does not exist, but varies from country to country. Conclusion: This study proposes a set of elements that should underpin sustainable biosimilar policy development over time in a country. At first, biosimilar policies should guarantee the safety and quality of biosimilars, healthy levels of supply and a level of cost savings. As a country gains experience with biosimilars, policies need to optimise uptake and combat any misconceptions about biosimilars. Finally, a country should implement biosimilar policies that foster competition, expand treatment options and ensure a sustainable market environment.

Audit of Urological Procedures in a Tertiary Health Center

Background: Urology is a branch of medicine that focuses on the surgical and medical diseases of the geni-tourinary system. This area of specialty can be broken down into several subspecialties. The information on the spectrum of urological procedures is sparse in our environment. This study aimed todeterminethe spec-trum of urological procedures at Ladoke Akintola University of Technology Teaching Hospital Ogbomoso, Oyo State Nigeria.. The study’s objective was to determine the age and gender distribution, the type and in-dication of the procedures, and the common subspecialty categorization. This may serve as a policy frame-work for healthcare development in the field of urology, including sub-specialization. Methods: The records of patients with urological procedures between July 2013 and June 2022 were re-trieved from the hospital’s Medical Records Department. The information retrieved from case files was ana-lyzed using SPSS version 23. Results: A total of 1,069 urological procedures were done between the years under review. This comprises 998males (93.31%) and 71 females (6.64). The most common in-patient urological procedure was open sim-ple prostatectomy (14.1%, 151 patients), while the most common outpatient urological procedure was pros-tatic needle biopsy (32.74%; 350). Urethrocystocopy accounted for 7.48% (80). Suspected prostate cancer was the most common indication for these procedures (32.74%; 350), while benign prostate enlargement was the most common indication for in-patient procedures. Conclusion: The most common outpatient procedure was prostate biopsy, while the most common in-patient procedure was open simple prostatectomy..

Climate justice through climate finance? Australia’s approach to climate finance in the Pacific

Pacific Island actors have long called for climate justice in the international climate regime, particularly in the form of financial support. While climate finance can be conceptualised as a mechanism of climate justice, the extent to which climate finance does indeed contribute to climate justice is contested. We explore these contestations by looking at Australia’s development programme in the Pacific between 2010 and 2019, examining both policy documents and climate finance flows. This analysis is conducted through a climate justice lens that we conceptualise as consisting of three dimensions: adequacy, additionality, and predictability; balance between adaptation and mitigation and priority provision of adaptation finance to vulnerable recipients; and donor coordination. Our analysis shows that Australian public climate finance has not acted as a mechanism of climate justice according to our criteria in the period studied, even if does meet some criteria of climate justice. From a justice perspective, Australia has approached climate change inconsistently and at times incoherently across its development program in Pacific Island countries. These results provide important lessons for Australia’s approach going forward, under a new government and a new development policy framework.

The Development of Policy on Nursing Cross Training in a Healthcare Organization

The Policy provides a consistent framework for operational guidelines and standardized processes for decision making. Policy Development Framework provides protocols and clarifies roles and responsibilities in the policy development process. This article aims to document and discuss the process of development cross training policy formulation, including its practice and outcomes. In this policy, we developed the cross training framework including definitions, purpose and procedures that reflect the scope of policy analysis. This comprehensive conceptual framework may serve as a “road map” for researchers and healthcare policymakers who are interested in the development, monitoring, implementation, and analysis of nursing cross training policies.

The United Kingdom’s “Tilt towards the Indo-Pacific” Strategy: Public Policy Development, Strategic Intents, and Policy Framework

<p>2023年3月，英國首相辛偉誠（2022-今）出版題為《綜合評估刷新2023：應對競爭更激烈和動盪的世界》的政策文件。這文件其實是2021年3月前首相約翰遜（2019-2022）出版首份脫歐後官方國際政策文件《競爭時代的全球英國：安全、國防、發展和外交政策的綜合回顧》的修訂版。本文旨在將這兩份英國政策文件進行處境性分析，以美國與中國競爭為大背景，從而鑒定英國政圈、公共政策圈、和國際社會內有關的事件和討論。本文也研判英國政府是否與美國拜登政府在印度－太平洋區域圍堵中國的政策對齊。最後，根據2021年3月到2023年3月間被挑選英國學者的有關討論，本文將勾勒出英國政府對印太區及中國的可能政策框架。</p> <p> </p><p>In mid-March 2023, British Prime Minister Rishi Sunak (2022-present) published the policy research paper, Integrated Review Refresh 2023: Responding to a More Contested and Volatile World. This was actually the revised version of the first official post-Brexit international policy paper published in March 2021 by former Prime Minister Boris Johnson (2019-2022), Global Britain in a Competitive Age: The Integrated Review of Security, Defence, Development and Foreign Policy. This paper aims to contextualize the related British policy discussions against the larger U.S.-China rivalrous context by identifying the relevant events and discussions within the British public policy and political circles as well as international community. It also assesses the British government’s intention by asking whether London aims to align with the Biden administration to contain China in the Indo-Pacific or not. Finally, drawing from British academic discussions taken place between March 2021 and March 2023, it will outline the British government’s possible Indo-Pacific and China policy framework.</p> <p> </p>

An attempt to develop a policy framework for the global sustainability of freshwater resources in the virtual water trade

International trade in agricultural products transfers significant virtual water flow between countries. However, it must be clarified whether countries or trade agreements take virtual water in products and goods that are traded into account. Despite unprecedented worldwide attention paid to water status, there is currently no framework for virtual water usage that may serve as the basis for global virtual water administration. The primary objective of this study is to address this research gap. This study attempted to develop an international policy framework in which political actors, governments, and private companies create shared responsibility agreements regarding water as the most fundamental natural resource for sustainable use. In this study, we performed a global assessment of the virtual water trade (VWT) of wheat from 2002 to 2021. Although previous research has hypothesized that will use the world's freshwater resources sustainably by transferring virtual water from water-abundant to water-deficient countries, However, based on the developed policy framework, we discovered that there is no positive correlation between the water abundance of virtual water exporting countries and the global sustainability of freshwater resources. A total of 68.3 % of the global VWT for wheat is unsustainable. Water-abundant countries, such as the United States, Australia, and the Russian Federation, are responsible for the greatest unsustainability in the VWT of wheat. Our results could contribute to developing decision-making tools for the global sustainability of freshwater resources used in VWT.

Analysis of Factors Affecting MSME in Using Fintech Lending as Alternative Financing: Technology Acceptance Model Approach

This study aims to determine factors impacting the intention of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in using fintech lending applications as an optional source of business financing using the technology acceptance model approach. The population in this study were MSMEs in Indonesia. Samples were taken by purposive sampling with the criteria of having used a licensed fintech lending application for business financing. The samples used were 171 samples. This study used structural equation model (SEM) as the analysis technique. The results of this study showed that Perceived Ease of Use had an impact on Perceived Usefulness but had no effect on Attitude Toward Using. The factor Perceived Usefulness had an effect on Attitude Toward Using, and Attitude Toward Using influences Behavioral Intention to Use. Fintech companies can play a role by providing education and empowerment to foster understanding of digital literacy for MSME stakeholders. The governments need to develop policy frameworks that can balance innovation and risk mitigation.

The Impact of Technological Advancements on HR Practices and Leadership in Brazil

Purpose: This study aims to examine the impact of technological advancements on HR practices and leadership in Brazil.
 Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low-cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
 Results: The literature review shows that technology has greatly impacted HR practices and leadership in Brazil. The adoption of technology can improve recruitment, training, and performance management, as well as facilitate remote work and enhance communication within organizations. Effective leaders must possess skills to identify relevant technology, manage change, and foster innovation. However, challenges such as infrastructure, access to technology, and resistance to change exist. Further research is needed to understand these barriers and how to overcome them. Overall, technology has the potential to transform HR practices and leadership in Brazil.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This study highlights the impact of technological advancements on HR practices and leadership in Brazil. It emphasizes the need for organizations to adapt and incorporate technology in their HR practices and the role of leadership in driving this transformation. The study identifies the importance of technology in improving recruitment, performance management, and employee development, leading to improved organizational performance and employee satisfaction. Leaders must effectively communicate the benefits of technology and provide necessary training and support. The findings inform policy makers and organizations on strategies to leverage technology, prioritizing investments in infrastructure and skills development. The study provides a theoretical framework and practical insights for future research and policy development aimed at improving HR practices and leadership in Brazil.

The Impact of Effective Leadership on Employee Motivation and Job Satisfaction in Kenya

Purpose: The study was to investigate the impact of effective leadership on employee motivation and job satisfaction in Kenya.
 Methodology: The study adopted a desktop methodology. Desk research refers to secondary data or that which can be collected without fieldwork. Desk research is basically involved in collecting data from existing resources hence it is often considered a low-cost technique as compared to field research, as the main cost is involved in executive’s time, telephone charges and directories. Thus, the study relied on already published studies, reports and statistics. This secondary data was easily accessed through the online journals and library.
 Results: The literature review indicates that effective leadership, specifically transformational leadership, positively impacts employee motivation and job satisfaction in Kenya's public and private sectors. Perceived organizational support, self-efficacy, and effective communication also contribute to employee well-being. However, there are methodological gaps in existing research, emphasizing the need for more rigorous research design and methodology. Further research is needed to investigate the impact of effective leadership on employee motivation and job satisfaction in Kenya and to develop evidence-based policies and interventions aimed at improving employee well-being and organizational performance.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This study emphasizes the impact of effective leadership, specifically transformational leadership practices, perceived organizational support, self-efficacy, and communication, on employee well-being and organizational performance in Kenya. The study identifies methodological gaps in the literature and suggests the need for more rigorous research designs. These findings can inform evidence-based policies and interventions to improve employee motivation and job satisfaction in Kenya. Organizations should adopt transformational leadership practices and provide a supportive work environment, while policy makers should prioritize the development of effective leadership training programs and policies that promote employee well-being and organizational performance. This study provides a theoretical framework and practical insights for future research and policy development.