Financial Statements Research Articles

PENGARUH STRUKTUR MODAL, UKURAN PERUSAHAAN DAN CAPITAL INTENSITY TERHADAP TAX AVOIDANCE (STUDI EMPIRIS PADA PERUSAHAAN SEKTOR FOOD & BEVERAGE DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA TAHUN 2019 - 2023)

This study aims to analyze the effect of capital structure, company size and capital intensity on tax avoidance. This study was conducted by analyzing the financial statements of companies in food & beverage listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) in 2019-2023. The sampling technique in this study used the purposive sampling method, so that a research sample of 22 food & beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2019-2023 was obtained. This study uses panel data regression analysis and hypothesis testing with a significance level of 5%. The test tool used is e-views software version 12 Student Version Lite. Based on the results of the hypothesis test, the results show that capital structure, company size and capital intensity simultaneously have a significant effect on tax avoidance. Partially, only the company size and capital intensity variables have a significant effect on tax avoidance, while the capital structure does not show a significant effect on tax avoidance, this finding provides insight that company size and capital intensity have a greater effect on tax avoidance compared to capital structure.

Pengaruh Penerapan Sistem Informasi Akuntansi, dan Sistem Pengendalian Internal terhadap Kualitas Laporan Keuangan dengan Kompetensi Sumber Daya Manusia sebagai Variabel Moderasi

This study aims to analyze the influence of the application of Accounting Information Systems (AIS), Internal Control Systems (ICS), and Human Resource Competence (HRC) on the quality of financial statements, with HRC as a moderating variable. The research was conducted on financial department employees at Eyelink Group using a quantitative approach and Partial Least Squares (PLS) analysis technique. The findings reveal that AIS and ICS do not have a significant direct impact on the quality of financial statements. However, HRC significantly affects the quality of financial statements. HRC also strengthens the relationship between AIS and the quality of financial statements but does not significantly moderate the relationship between ICS and the quality of financial statements. These findings underscore the importance of competent human resource management to support optimal AIS implementation and improve the quality of financial statements. The study recommends the development of human resource competence through continuous training and education as a strategic measure to enhance financial reporting quality.

PENGARUH RASIO AKTIVITAS DENGAN PERHITUNGAN PERPUTARAN KAS, PERPUTARAN PIUTANG, DAN PERPUTARAN PERSEDIAAN TERHADAP PROFITABILITAS PADA PERUSAHAAN SUB SEKTOR FARMASI DI BURSA EFEK INDONESIA PERIODE TAHUN 2014-2023

The pharmaceutical industry is a crucial sector in Indonesia's economy. The profitability of pharmaceutical companies is key to their sustainability and business development. One of the factors that influences profitability is the efficiency of company asset management, which can be measured from cash turnover, receivables turnover and inventory turnover. The aim of this research is to determine and analyze the effect of cash turnover, accounts receivable turnover and inventory turnover on profitability in Pharmaceutical Sub-Sector Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2014-2023. The data used in this research consists of secondary data from financial statements for the years 2014-2023. This research used purposive sampling to obtain a sample of 6 companies. The analysis technique in this research uses descriptive analysis, panel data regression analysis, classical assumption testing, and hypotheses. The research results show that partially the cash turnover and receivables turnover variables do not have a significant effect on profitability, while receivables turnover has a significant effect on profitability. simultaneously the variables cash turnover, accounts receivable turnover and inventory turnover have a significant effect on profitability.

Analisis Sistem Informasi Akuntansi Penjualan dan Pengendalian Internal pada PT Dwi Ola

The sales accounting information system and internal control are crucial components in ensuring the operational effectiveness and accuracy of financial statements in the company. This study focuses on PT Dwi Ola, which relies on LPG gas sales, to analyze the implementation of cash and credit sales accounting information systems as well as existing internal controls. The results of the study show that although the accounting information system at PT Dwi Ola already includes transaction recording and sales reports, there are still weaknesses in system integration that result in inconsistencies between physical stock and system records. In addition, internal controls are not optimal, with a lack of separation of duties and a robust authorization system, potentially increasing the risk of fraud. This study recommends the importance of separation of functions, improvement of internal control systems, and increased supervision to improve efficiency and accuracy in the sales process and recording of transactions in the company.

IFRS-16 and Firm Investment: Leasing Commitment and Intensity

Generally, this study examines the economic consequences of IFRS-16. Specifically, this study investigates whether commitment and leasing intensity affect firms' investment decisions. Previous literature focuses on constructive capitalization in operating leases and off-balance sheet financing as ex-ante impacts on financial statements. In contrast, this study examines the ex-post impact of leasing on financial statements. Furthermore, this study illustrates the aspects of lessee behavior in their decision to reduce operating leases before the effective date of IFRS-16 implementation. We used paired t-tests and regression with cluster robust standard error and samples from five countries with the largest leasing volume (United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany, and Japan). The observations start from 2011-2022. This study finds that operating lease intensity fell after issuing IFRS-16, while capital lease intensity arose. Operating and capital lease commitment affect firm investment positively, indicating that managers do not always use operating leases to reach opportunist reporting incentives.

Signifikan Etika Akuntan dalam Implementasi Audit Fraud

Like a professional accountant, in carrying out the audit function, he is obliged to comply with the work code of ethics and audit financial statements through ethical norms or applicable auditing standards. In carrying out work, an accountant must ensure that every action taken is in line with established moral standards. This code of ethics is based on the goal of maintaining public confidence in high quality services, regardless of who is performing those services. including their expert practice, fraud auditors are also obliged to implement the rules and ethics that are of interest to them, as a manifestation of the public's confidence in the integrity of the accounting profession. While performing all phases of a fraud audit, fraud auditors must still adhere to the applicable ethical rules. Basically, they must demonstrate an attitude of diligence and honesty in carrying out audit tasks to ensure objective and accountable results.

The Impact of Financial Statement Comparability on Financial Reporting Quality and Cost of Capital: An Empirical Study on Egyptian Firms Listed in the Egyptian Stock Market

The Impact of Financial Statement Comparability on Financial Reporting Quality and Cost of Capital: An Empirical Study on Egyptian Firms Listed in the Egyptian Stock Market

What really drove Silicon Valley and First Republic Bank bankruptcy?

This paper analyses the possible determinants that induced Silicon Valley and First Republic Bank to Bankruptcy. We employ financial statements for a sample of Banks in line with the business core of Silicon Valley Bank. The period under assessment ranges from 2006-2022. We estimate an indicator of Bank Efficiency using the technique Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA). The latter indicator is used as the primary step to analyze failure within sample banks. According to the CAMEL model, macroeconomic variables are non-significant but relevant variables that drive failure were: Bank Efficiency, Capital adequacy, Earning ability, and Liquidity position ratio. Our study is relevant for any policy making to prevent any future bank failure.

Simulation application of virtual robots and artificial intelligence based on deep learning in enterprise financial systems

In the immersive virtual reality environment, the development of business intelligence models has ushered in new adjustments. Interactive entertainment robots and artificial intelligence can effectively improve the user experience. At the same time, with the advancement of digitalization and networking in enterprise financial systems, the threat of network intrusion poses a serious threat to enterprise financial security. This article analyzes the simulation application of virtual robots and artificial intelligence based on deep learning in enterprise financial systems, and learns how to identify and distinguish between normal network traffic and malicious intrusion behavior. After completing the training of the model, it is deployed to the enterprise financial system to monitor network traffic in real time and perform intrusion detection. The model can analyze and judge the network traffic entering the system in real time, and detect possible network intrusion behaviors based on the learned patterns and features. This paper adopts deep learning algorithm and virtual robot technology to develop a virtual robot system based on deep learning, which can automatically execute financial simulation tasks and generate accurate and reliable financial statements and data analysis results by learning and simulating real enterprise financial data and business processes. By automating financial simulation tasks, virtual robots greatly improve the simulation efficiency and accuracy, and provide more valuable data support for enterprise decision-making. Through experimental testing, it has been found that the network intrusion detection method based on deep neural networks has high accuracy and reliability in enterprise financial systems.

Literature Review: Accounting For Assets and Liabilities In Local Government Financial Statements

This study's objective is to help us comprehend how assets and liabilities are categorized and journalized in local government financial reports. Using a qualitative methodology, this study gathers data by reviewing existing literature. Data is collected by tracing and examining information or results from multiple sources, including books, proposals, articles, and relevant journals. The information gathered was then analyzed and arranged systematically, both from internal and external sources. Systematically, both from internal and external sources, and then described in the form of a narrative. In a narrative format. Based on the results of the literature study review, it can be concluded that all the sources analyzed agreed that assets and liabilities assets and liabilities must be clearly classified based on certain categories, such as current assets, fixed assets, current liabilities, and non-current liabilities followed by appropriate accounting journaling, and with appropriate accounting journaling, which reflects the transactions that have occurred and ensures that the declaration of finances occur and ensure that the declaration of finances reflect the true financial condition financial condition.

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND E-ACCOUNTING PROGRAMS: IMPACT ON THE QUALITY OF FINANCIAL REPORTS IN IRAQI BANKS

This study examines the correlation between electronic accounting software and artificial intelligence programs and their influence on the quality of financial reports in the banking sector of Iraq. The researchers devised a questionnaire comprising three dimensions to accomplish this objective. The initial set of questions pertained to using artificial intelligence applications by the study sample bank, either for customer service purposes or to achieve the bank's objectives. The second set of questions pertained to the accounting programs utilized, their advantages and disadvantages, and their compatibility with advancements in technology and communications. The third dimension encompassed inquiries on the essential attributes necessary for the excellence of financial statements by the criteria set by international financial reporting standards and the Central Bank of Iraq. Out of the 46 banks listed on the Iraq Stock Exchange in 2024, a sample of 31 institutions was chosen. Among them, there were 12 Islamic banks and 19 commercial banks. 217 questionnaires were distributed for analysis, with each bank receiving seven questionnaires for the directors of finance, internal audit, information systems, inspection, research and development, and their assistants to answer the research questions. The hypotheses were tested using IBM SPSS 29.0.10, employing practical analysis and simple and multiple linear regression. The research findings indicate that all banks in Iraq utilize electronic accounting. However, the quality of programs differs across banks based on the scale of financial activities and the amount of money they handle. The research also determined that artificial intelligence is advancing in the applications of banks, except for the Development Bank, the Bank of Baghdad, and the First Bank of Iraq. The study also demonstrates a strong correlation between the implementation of artificial intelligence in accounting and its positive impact on the reliability and accuracy of financial accounts.

The Impact of Digitalization on Manufacturing Firms’ Competitiveness, Environmental Sustainability, and Social Inclusiveness

Manufacturing is a crucial driver of economic growth, contributing approximately 17% to global GDP. This research investigates the impact of digitalization on manufacturing firms' competitiveness, environmental sustainability, and social inclusiveness, using Canon Inc.’s operations globally as a case study. Existing literature underscores the transformative potential of digital economics in the manufacturing industry; however, a comprehensive exploration of its impact on sustainability remains to be explored in detail. Employing a mixed-methods approach and Systems Theory as a theoretical framework, data was gathered from Canon's sustainability reports, financial statements, and online sources, focusing on the years 1997 to 2018. The study analyzes the implementation of digital technologies and their effects on profitability and sustainability outcomes. The research results indicate positive results with sustainable firms able to beat the competition in the long-run, as demonstrated by Canon’s revenue of approximately $36 billion in 2018 alongside significant reductions in CO2 emissions by 435,000 tonnes and a reduction in raw material usage by 314,000 tonnes. Additionally, Canon’s social initiatives, such as the Miraisha Programme, underscore its commitment to inclusivity. This study highlights the multifaceted benefits of integrating digital technologies in manufacturing, offering insights for firms aiming to balance profitability with sustainability.

Trend Analysis Of Financial Statements For Evaluating PT BNI Life Insurance’s Performance

Financial reports can provide an overview of the company's performance in each period from year to year. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the financial performance of PT BNI Life Insurance using trend analysis techniques in the statement of financial position and income statement. The research method used in this study is a descriptive method with a quantitative approach, in which the author collects data in the form of a balance sheet financial position report. Data collection techniques used are documentation and literature study. The results of this study indicate that there are fluctuating developments in the balance sheet financial statements and profit and loss, in the balance sheet from 2017 to 2021 shows an increase in company performance, while in the income statement from 2017 there is a significant decrease in 2018 and subsequently fluctuating experienced increases and decreases in performance from 2019 to 2021 even though in 2020 and 2021 the company's performance has shown improvement. In conclusion, using trend analysis it can be predicted that the postal value of the coming year will experience the same fluctuating developments as in previous years.

The Impact Of Profitability Ratios On The Timeliness Of Financial Reporting

Information delays will have a negative impact on the company, because the information in the financial statements contains good news and bad news that can influence investment decisions. The purpose of this study was to determine how the influence of the Profitability Ratio on the Timeliness of Financial Reporting in Companies Listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the 2018-2022 Period. The method used in this research is quantitative using associative descriptive research. The sampling technique used in this study used purposive sampling technique. Samples in the study obtained through sample selection criteria obtained 9 manufacturing companies with a total of 45 samples. The data source obtained from this research is secondary using financial reports from 9 companies according to the sampling criteria from 2018 to 2022. Logistic Regression Analysis was used in this study. The results showed that ROA, ROE had no partial or simultaneous effect on the timeliness of reporting financial statements in manufacturing companies listed on the IDX for the period 2018 to 2022.

Investigating the Social and Environmental Accounting Implementation in the Reclamation of Former Mining Sreas: A Case Study of PT. Kitadin

The mining industry significantly contributes to economic development through tax revenue and export duties but also poses serious social and environmental risks, such as heavy metal pollution, air pollution, land subsidence, and forest degradation. These concerns necessitate responsible mining practices and effective reclamation. This study examined the implementation of social and environmental accounting in ex-mining land reclamation using PT. Kitadin as a case study. An interpretive qualitative approach explores a company's practices in managing environmental responsibilities. Research shows that PT. Kitadin, in its post-mining phase since March 2023, has engaged in land reclamation, revegetation, air and water management, and repurposing of ex-mining areas. The company systematically recorded and measured the environmental impact of its reclamation efforts by integrating these aspects into financial statements and sustainability reports. Additionally, PT. Kitadin has addressed social implications by engaging with stakeholders, including local communities and NGOs. This comprehensive approach underscores a company's commitment to post-mining responsibilities, in line with corporate standards. The findings contribute to the understanding of how mining companies can implement social and environmental accounting in reclamation, balancing economic, environmental, and social considerations.

The effect of liquidity, leverage, and profitability on tax avoidance

This study was conducted with the aim of testing and analyzing the effect of liquidity, leverage, and profitability on tax avoidance. This research is a type of quantitative research with the type of data used, namely secondary data obtained from the Company's annual financial statements through the official website of the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The population of this study is a food and beverage sector company listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) for the period 2018-2023. Sampling was carried out using purposive sampling technique so that a sample of 13 companies was obtained that fit the criteria. The data analysis method in this study is multiple linear regression analysis with the data processing software used, namely the Statiscal Package for Social Sciences 26 (SPSS 26) program. The results of this study indicate that Liquidity, Leverage, and Profitability have a significant negative effect on Tax Avoidance.

Cost Reduction Techniques on Firm Performance of Selected Quoted Manufacturing Companies in Nigeria

The operational level managers are always faced in identifying the technique that would help in reducing this cost. Based on this challenges this study examines into the impact of cost reduction techniques on firm performance of selected quoted manufacturing companies in Nigeria. The study employed panel data that was sourced within 2018 to 2022, from the audited financial statement of ten consumer goods companies listed on the Nigeria Stock Exchange. The panel (static) regression analysis was employed to determine inference between the dependent variable and independent variable. The Eview 10 was employed. The findings reveals that administrative cost and Changes in material cost has negative significant effect on Net profit margin while Changes in turnover has positive significant effect on Net profit margin. It is therefore recommended that companies should focus on reducing administrative cost while still maintaining needful administrative functions like streamlining production process, outsourcing non-core functions and implementation of technology solutions. The companies should focus on cost reduction strategies, budget control, managing materials cots like supplier management and in the long-run boost turnover.

A Comparative Financial Performance Analysis of Selected Public and Private Sector Banks using Eagles Model

This study assesses the financial performance of public and private sector banks using the EAGLES model, a comprehensive framework for evaluating bank stability, growth, and profitability. Investors, focused on a firm's earnings and future prospects, benefit from understanding the likelihood of bankruptcy or failure through financial analysis. The EAGLES model aids in this by analyzing key financial ratios, providing insights into a bank’s operational efficacy and resilience. It serves as an early warning system, identifying potential risks before they escalate, enabling timely interventions. This research analyzes the financial statements of five public and private sector banks over a five-year period (2018-19 to 2022-23) to evaluate their relative efficiency and growth. The findings offer valuable insights for strategic planning, resource allocation, and performance improvement

Exploring accountability practices of South African school governing bodies: Examination of financial records of Section 21 schools

This study examined the accountability practices of South African school governing bodies (SGBs), specifically focusing on the decision-making process regarding the submission of financial records and statements for either audit or examination purposes. This flexibility has led to inconsistencies and a lack of comparability in the financial reporting of Section 21 schools. The study adopted a qualitative research approach using document analysis and supplemented by face-to-face interviews. Provincial guidelines and selected schools’ financial statements were analysed. Schools’ principals, finance officers, auditors, school governing body treasurers, as well as districts officials were also interviewed. Twenty-nine participants were selected using a purposive sampling method while semi-structured interviews were adopted. Findings reveal that there is a lack of accountability by the SGBs regarding the auditing of financial records and financial statements. The study further revealed that the SGBs opt to submit the financial records and financial statements for examination instead of an audit. The study recommended mandating all schools’ audits by the Auditor-General of South Africa (AGSA), akin to other public entities, possibly requiring amendments to the South African Schools Act (SASA). Alternatively, including audit expenses in the annual budget or allocation for schools may discourage opting for examination, thereby improving accountability.

PENGARUH KOMPETENSI, PENGALAMAN AUDIT, TEKANAN WAKTU, SKEPTISME PROFESIONAL TERHADAP KEMAMPUAN AUDITOR MENDETEKSI FRAUD LAPORAN KEUANGAN

This objective of this research to empirically analyze the influence of competency, time pressure, audit experience, and professional skepticism on auditor ability in detecting fraud on financial statements. The population in this research are auditors who worked on Public Accounting Firm in DKI Jakarta area. Primary data collection method used is questionnaire method. The data are analyzed by using Moderate Regression Analyze (MRA). The analytical tool used to test the hypothesis is SPSS 25. The result showed that Competency, Audit Experience, and Proffesional Skepticism have a positive impact on auditors ability of fraud detection. Value of the coefficient of determination indicates that together the Competency, Time Pressure, Audit Experience and Proffesional Skepticism contribute to dependent variable (Auditors Ability of Fraud Detection in Financial Statement) of 84,8% while the remaining 15,2% are influenced by other autside factor model. Copyright © 2024 by Authors, Published by Jurnal Bisnis Terapan. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons. Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License