This study aims to analyze the application of environmental cost accounting in the medical waste management process at the Cakung District Public Health Center, East Jakarta. The research focuses on identifying environmental activities, the types of environmental costs incurred, as well as the accounting treatment of environmental costs, which includes the stages of identification, recognition, measurement, presentation, and disclosure in the health center’s financial statements. This study employs a qualitative approach using a case study method. The data sources consist of primary and secondary data obtained through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings indicate that the public health center has not yet specifically classified environmental costs, resulting in medical waste management costs being recorded under general operational expenses. This condition leads to the absence of separate environmental cost information and limits transparency and accountability in financial reporting. The results show that the health center has implemented medical waste management activities in accordance with applicable regulations, including waste segregation, containment, temporary storage, sterilization, and transportation and disposal through licensed third parties. However, the associated costs have not been classified based on environmental cost components. Therefore, this study recommends the systematic classification and disclosure of environmental costs to enhance the quality of transparent and accountable financial reporting at public health centers.

Corporate financial performance is an important factor in maintaining business sustainability amid increasingly intense competition. One of the commonly used indicators of financial performance is Return on Assets (ROA), which reflects a company’s ability to generate profits through the efficient use of its assets. Corporate profitability is influenced by various internal factors, including capital structure and liquidity. This study aims to analyze the effect of Debt to Equity Ratio (DER) and Current Ratio (CR) on Return on Assets (ROA). This research employs a quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from corporate financial statements. The research sample consists of 36 observations selected through purposive sampling. Data analysis techniques include descriptive statistical analysis and multiple linear regression analysis using SPSS software. The results show that, partially, the Debt to Equity Ratio does not have a significant effect on Return on Assets, while the Current Ratio has a positive and significant effect on Return on Assets. Simultaneously, Debt to Equity Ratio and Current Ratio have a significant effect on Return on Assets, with Current Ratio being the most dominant variable. The findings indicate that effective liquidity management plays a crucial role in improving corporate profitability. The implications of this study are expected to provide useful insights for corporate management in making financial decisions, particularly related to liquidity management and capital structure.

This study aims to analyze the impact of changes in audit methods on the accuracy of stock opname reports at CV Afco Fresh. Stock opname is a crucial activity in inventory management that ensures the accuracy between physical stock and recorded inventory data in financial reports. Initially, the audit method involved scheduling audits in advance, which created opportunities for fraud among outlets. This method was then changed to simultaneous audits across all outlets to close data manipulation loopholes. This qualitative study uses a case study approach involving in-depth interviews, observations, and document reviews related to audit proced ures and stock opname reporting. The findings indicate that the change to simultaneous audits significantly improved the integrity and accuracy of stock opname reports, thereby enhancing the reliability of the company’s financial statements. This change also reduced errors and fraud risks, increasing stakeholder confidence in inventory data. The study recommends strengthening supervision, utilizing supporting technologies, and enhancing training as further steps to maintain audit quality and report accuracy.

This research seeks to examine the impact of operational cash flow, sales growth, and operating capacity on financial distress within consumer cyclicals firms in the apparel and luxury goods sub-sector, listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2022–2024. This research employs a quantitative methodology utilizing an associative causal framework and secondary data derived from companies' yearly financial statements. We used SPSS software to do multiple linear regression to analyze the data. The results indicate that operating cash flow, sales growth, and operating capacity significantly influence financial distress, suggesting that enhanced cash flow production, sales performance, and asset utilization correlate with a diminished likelihood of financial difficulty. These results show that making a business better at making operating cash flow, keeping sales growth going, and using its assets more efficiently will help improve its financial situation and lower its financial stress. Descriptive data indicate that, on average, enterprises exhibit positive operating cash flow, continuous revenue growth, and an operating capacity over one, signifying operational efficiency and reasonably stable financial conditions. This study underscores the significance of proficient financial and operational management in sustaining financial stability and mitigating the risk of financial hardship in consumer cyclicals companies, especially within the apparel and luxury goods sub-sector.

To the best of our knowledge, this study provides the first systematic comparison between classical regression and advanced machine learning models for predicting the profitability of Moroccan firms listed on the Casablanca Stock Exchange. While prior research has largely focused on developed markets, profitability prediction in emerging economies such as Morocco remains underexplored, despite the market’s structural particularities (sectoral concentration, reliance on bank financing, and limited disclosure practices). This article provides the first systematic comparative analysis between regression and machine learning approaches applied to Moroccan listed companies, highlighting the advantages and limitations of each method in capturing complex and non-linear financial dynamics. Using a dataset covering ten years of financial statements, we evaluate multiple models, including OLS, Ridge regression, Random Forest, Gradient Boosting, Support Vector Regression, KNN, and XGBoost. Results show that machine learning models consistently outperform regression in predictive accuracy, while regression retains value in interpretability. Findings contribute to academic research by extending profitability forecasting studies to an under-explored emerging market, and to practice by offering investors, policymakers, and managers tools that improve risk assessment, capital allocation, and decision-making under conditions of uncertainty. These implications are particularly relevant for emerging economies, where informational asymmetries and structural heterogeneity complicate financial forecasting.

The growth of the blue economy in Indonesia is inseparable from the role of coastal communities, especially fishermen's cooperatives, which are the main forum in the management of fisheries businesses and the distribution of marine products. However, financial management practices in fishermen's cooperatives still face various challenges, such as low financial literacy of management, weak transparency of records, and limited access to formal capital institutions. This study aims to evaluate the financial management practices of coastal fisher cooperatives and examine their contribution in supporting blue economic growth. The research method uses a mixed approach, with the collection of quantitative data from the financial statements of fisher cooperatives and qualitative data through in-depth interviews with administrators and members. A total of 12 fishermen's cooperatives in the coastal areas of Central Java and South Sulawesi were selected purposively with the 2020–2023 observation period. The results of the study show that cooperatives that have a neater financial recording system, a savings and loan mechanism run well, and are able to access revolving funds from the government and Islamic financial institutions have succeeded in increasing working capital, expanding environmentally friendly fishing and aquaculture businesses, and contributing to marine resource conservation. In contrast, cooperatives with traditional financial management and dependence on member dues often experience limited liquidity, internal conflicts, and difficulty adapting to blue economy programs that demand efficiency and sustainability. These findings confirm that strengthening financial management practices through financial literacy education, the use of digital accounting technology, and regulatory support can strengthen the role of fishermen's cooperatives as key actors in supporting an inclusive and sustainable blue economy.

ABSTRACT This study examines the impact of financial statement comparability on asymmetric cost behavior, commonly known as cost stickiness. Using a comprehensive U.S. sample (1999–2020), we document a positive association between greater comparability and increased cost stickiness. The relationship is markedly stronger for firms facing high uncertainty and for firms whose analyst forecasts are less accurate or more dispersed. We also find that higher comparability notably raises the likelihood of subsequent sales growth and increases the future value derived from incurred costs. Overall, more comparable accounting enables managers to convert slack resources into profits and design strategies to bolster future sales.

Public sector audit plays a strategic role in promoting accountability and transparency in the management of local government finances. Various problems in regional financial management, such as inaccurate recording, weak internal control systems, and low compliance with regulations, highlight the importance of audit as an effective oversight and evaluation mechanism. This study aims to analyze the role of public sector audit in enhancing accountability and transparency in local government financial management. The research employs a qualitative approach using literature review and document analysis, including audit reports of the Audit Board of Indonesia (BPK), regulations on regional financial management, and relevant previous studies. The results indicate that public sector audit significantly contributes to improving the quality of local government financial statements, strengthening internal control systems, and encouraging compliance with applicable laws and regulations. Furthermore, audit recommendations serve as an instrument for continuous improvement in regional financial management practices. However, the effectiveness of public sector audit is influenced by the commitment of local government leaders, the follow-up of audit recommendations, and the competence of financial management personnel. Therefore, strengthening the public sector audit function is essential to achieve transparent, accountable, and good governance–oriented local government financial management.

Purpose – This study aims to obtain empirical evidence on the influence of Islamicity Performance Index (proxied by profit sharing ratio), intellectual capital, operational efficiency ratio, and non-performing financing on return on assets. Design/methodology/approach – This study uses quantitative research. It utilizes secondary data. The population is 14 Sharia Commercial Banks listed on the Financial Services Authority in Indonesia between 2022 and 2024. The sample is 11 Sharia Commercial Banks listed on the Financial Services Authority in Indonesia between 2022 and 2024. The total number of observations in this study is 33. The analysis technique used to test the hypotheses is multiple regression analysis using Eviews9 software. Findings – The results of this study indicate that the profit-sharing ratio variable has a negative and significant effect on return on assets. The intellectual capital has a negative and insignificant effect on return on assets. The operational efficiency ratio has a negative and insignificant effect on return on assets. The non-performing financing has a negative and significant effect on return on assets. Research limitations/implications – This study was conducted only on Sharia Commercial Banks in Indonesia during the period 2022-2024. The findings provide insights based on secondary data obtained from the banks’ annual financial statements and are expected to be useful for management, regulators, and future researchers in understanding factors affecting profitability in Sharia banking. JEL: M41, G21, G32

During the 2020–2024 period, the food and beverage industry sector experienced economic dynamics that led to fluctuations in companies’ net profit. This study is motivated by the researcher’s observations that fluctuations in net profit among food and beverage companies indicate the influence of internal company factors, particularly production costs, operating costs, cost of goods sold, and sales volume. The research problem addresses how production costs, operating costs, cost of goods sold, and sales volume affect the net profit of food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange, both partially and simultaneously. This study aims to analyze and examine the effect of each of these variables on company net profit during the 2020–2024 period. The research employs a quantitative approach with a causal research method. The data used are secondary data in the form of annual financial statements of food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The sampling technique used is purposive sampling, resulting in 31 companies as the research sample with a total of 155 observations. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS software, accompanied by classical assumption tests, t-tests, F-tests, and the coefficient of determination (R²). The results show that production costs, operating costs, cost of goods sold, and sales volume simultaneously have a significant effect on the net profit of food and beverage companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange.

This study aims to analyze the differences in the financial performance of PT MAP Boga Adiperkasa Tbk (MAPB) before and after the consumer boycott campaign in the 2022–2024 period. The boycott campaign triggered by global geopolitical issues has an impact on the decline of the company's social legitimacy, thus affecting profitability and financial stability. The research method uses a descriptive quantitative approach through the analysis of annual financial statements processed using profitability ratios. The results show a significant downward trend in the entire profitability ratio from 2022 to 2024. In 2022, the entire ratio was in a positive condition, but declined sharply in 2023 and turned negative in 2024; NPM from 4.26% to −4.53%, ROA from 5.67% to −4.93%, ROE from 12.45% to −9.45%, and ROI from 8.37% to −4.87%. These findings indicate that boycott campaigns have a significant effect on declining profitability and show the loss of corporate social legitimacy in the eyes of the public according to the perspective of legitimacy theory.

This study aims to analyze the financial distress condition of PT Pertamina Patra Niaga during 2019–2023 using the Springate Score (S-Score) model. Financial distress is a critical stage preceding potential bankruptcy, commonly detected through declining liquidity, profitability, and operational capability. This study employed a quantitative descriptive approach using secondary data sourced from audited financial statements. The Springate model, consisting of four key ratios (working capital to total assets, EBIT to total assets, EBT to current liabilities, and sales to total assets), was applied to evaluate the company’s financial stability. The results show fluctuating financial performance. PT Pertamina Patra Niaga was categorized as financially healthy (safe zone) in 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2023, but experienced financial distress in 2022 due to severe liquidity pressure and increased short-term liabilities. The overall average S-Score of 0.9453 places the company in the grey area, indicating potential vulnerability to financial instability. The findings highlight the importance of improving liquidity management, strengthening working capital, and increasing operational efficiency to prevent future distress. Distress dengan Metode Springate Score pada PT Pertamina Patra Niaga Periode 2019–2023

This study examines the readiness of accountants in implementing the Financial Accounting Standards for Private Entities (SAK EP) at the Ponuwa Cooperative of Gorontalo State University using a descriptive qualitative approach through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The results show that the cooperative is administratively ready to prepare financial statements in the form of Business Income (PHU), capital change reports, and balance sheets in accordance with the SAK EP, which is mandatory under Permenkop UKM No. 2 of 2024. Accountants have accounting competencies and practical experience, supported by local IT systems and Excel, as well as internal supervision from supervisory bodies and university facilities. The main obstacles include uncollectible receivables due to double borrowing by members and a tax system based on the previous year's PHU. Overall, the implementation of SAK EP has effectively improved the transparency and accountability of small savings and loan cooperative financial management.

This study examines the impact of tax avoidance practices on investment efficiency in Egypt, with particular emphasis on the moderating role of earnings management by exploring whether these tactics reflect managerial opportunism or serve as a mechanism to ease financial constraints. We employ panel data regression to analyze a sample of 58 non-financial firms listed on the Egyptian Exchange (EGX) over the period 2017–2024, yielding 464 firm-year observations. Data are collected from official corporate websites, EGX, and Egypt for Information Dissemination (EGID). Grounded in agency theory, signaling theory, and pecking order theory, this study reveals how conflicts of interest and information asymmetry between managers and stakeholders lead to managerial opportunism. The findings show that tax avoidance undermines the investment efficiency in the Egyptian market. Earnings manipulation further intensified this effect due to the financial statements’ opacity. A closer examination reveals that earnings management exacerbates overinvestment by masking managerial decisions. Conversely, for financially constrained firms with a tendency to underinvest, tax avoidance and earnings management may contribute to improved efficiency by generating internal liquidity and alleviating external financing constraints. These results provide valuable insights for regulators, highlighting that policy should be directed against managerial opportunism and improving transparency, instead of focusing solely on curbing tax avoidance. From an investor perspective, they should closely monitor and understand the tax-planning strategies to ensure they enhance the firm’s value.

This study aims to analyze the effect of tax planning, deferred tax assets, and capital structure on firm value in energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX). The research employs a quantitative approach using secondary data obtained from audited financial statements of energy companies during the observation period. Data were collected through documentation techniques by accessing the official IDX website and related sources. The analytical method used is multiple linear regression, supported by classical assumption tests consisting of normality, linearity, multicollinearity, autocorrelation, and heteroscedasticity tests to ensure the validity of the regression model. The results show that the regression model fulfills all classical assumptions. The multiple linear regression analysis indicates that tax planning, deferred tax assets, and capital structure have positive regression coefficients toward firm value. The correlation coefficient (R) of 0.716 indicates a strong relationship between the independent variables and firm value, while the coefficient of determination (R²) of 0.513 shows that 51.3% of the variation in firm value can be explained by the three independent variables, with the remaining 48.7% influenced by other factors. The simultaneous test (F-test) demonstrates that tax planning, deferred tax assets, and capital structure jointly have a significant effect on firm value. However, the partial test (t-test) reveals that each independent variable does not have a significant individual effect on firm value. These findings suggest that while the variables collectively influence firm value, their individual impacts are not statistically significant.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in the national economy but still face challenges in accessing financing from formal financial institutions. One of the main obstacles to financing access is the limited ability of MSME owners to prepare systematic, accurate, and standardized financial statements. Many MSMEs do not maintain proper transaction records, mix personal and business finances, and lack formal financial reports required for financing applications.This community service program aims to provide education and mentoring on simple financial statement preparation to improve financial literacy and financing readiness of MSMEs. The activities were carried out through socialization, basic accounting training, intensive mentoring on transaction recording, preparation of financial statements, and financing application simulations. The program was conducted for one month targeting Warung Rindu Malam MSME located in Poka Village, Ambon City.The results indicate an improvement in participants’ understanding and skills in financial recording and preparation of income statements, simple balance sheets, and cash flow statements. The targeted MSME successfully produced organized financial documents that are ready to be used for financing applications. This program is expected to encourage more professional and sustainable MSME financial management.

Different countries have contributed to the development of accounting over the centuries. When archaeologists discover ancient remains in the Middle East, almost all with letters or numbers on them, it is a form of accounting: the costs of war or celebration or construction, lists of taxes due or paid. It is now very well documented that the origin of written numbers and written words is closely related to the need to keep and update accounts. The Romans developed sophisticated forms of single-entry accounting from which, for example, farm profits could be calculated. Later, the growing complexity of business in northern Italy in the late middle Ages led to the emergence of a dual system. And even later, the existence of a wealthy merchant class and the need for large investments in large projects led to the public subscription of share capital in Norway in the 17th century. Next, the growing separation of ownership from management fueled the need for audit in 19th century Britain. Many European countries contributed to the development of accounting: France led the development of legal control over accounting, Scotland brought us the accounting profession, and Germany standardized formats for financial statements.

This study aims to analyze the factors that influence the level of leverage of technology sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2019-2023 period. The independent variables in this study include profitability, tangible assets, company size, non-debt tax shield, and liquidity, while the dependent variable analyzed is leverage. This research was conducted to find out how these factors affect the leverage level of technology companies. The object of this research is companies in the technology sector and listed on the IDX. The sample used in this study amounted to 70 data obtained from the company's annual financial statements selected using a purposive sampling method. The collected data were analyzed using the regression analysis method to identify the effect of the independent variable on the dependent variable. The results of data analysis show that profitability, tangible assets, non-debt tax shield, and liquidity have an impact on leverage. While company size has no impact on leverage. The results of this study can be taken into consideration for companies in managing leverage to optimize finance, minimize risk and increase firm value by taking into company characteristics.

General Background Corruption in public sector institutions remains a persistent governance challenge in Indonesia despite extensive external audit mechanisms. Specific Background The Supreme Audit Agency conducts audits of ministries and institutions, producing audit findings and follow-up recommendations intended to strengthen accountability and transparency through financial reporting. Knowledge Gap Prior empirical studies report inconsistent evidence on whether audit findings and follow-up actions are associated with corruption, particularly when financial reporting quality is positioned as a mediating mechanism. Aims This study examines the direct and indirect relationships between audit findings, follow-up on audit results, and corruption, with financial reporting quality as an intervening variable, within the framework of agency theory. Results Using panel data from 132 ministry and institutional observations during 2021–2023, the findings show that audit findings are negatively associated with financial reporting quality, while audit follow-up is positively associated with financial reporting quality. However, audit findings, audit follow-up, and financial reporting quality show no significant direct relationship with corruption, and financial reporting quality does not mediate these relationships. Novelty This study provides rare empirical evidence that financial reporting quality does not transmit the role of audit mechanisms into corruption control within Indonesian ministries and institutions. Implications The results indicate that audit processes and reporting improvements primarily function as administrative accountability tools and are insufficient as standalone instruments for addressing corruption in the public sector. Highlights: Audit observations are associated with lower standards of governmental financial statements. Recommendation completion is linked to improved compliance with accounting standards. Reporting mechanisms do not explain variations in misconduct cases across institutions. Keywords: Audit Findings, Follow-Up, Quality of Financial Statements

Managing financial books manually is a challenge for MSME Konveksi Mayang Sari, including disorganized records, often incorrect calculations, and difficulty to monitor incoming and outgoing money. The objective of this training is to teach learners how to create digital financial reports with using the easy-to-use and practical BukuWarung application. Technology helps small businesses such as convection shops manage finances better. Using the app, instruction is provided through hands-on practice. Participants are given instructions on how to install the app, record daily transactions, and read financial reports automatically generated by the app. As a result, business owners have a better understanding of how to manage their finances, and they can see the financial state of their company directly through their smartphones, eliminating the need for manual calculations that are often inaccurate. MSME Konveksi Mayang Sari experienced many conveniences after the training. Financial records are neater and more systematic, financial reports can be generated in minutes, and business owners can devote their time to growing their business instead of being busy calculating. Most importantly, it is now easier for them to get a bank loan if they need business capital because they have clear financial statements. Training like this is very beneficial for small businesses as it helps them understand the technology.