The authors investigated trends in U.S. state and local government health employees per million persons at the aggregated 50-state, regional, and state levels. The authors used repeated cross-sectional data from the Annual Survey of Public Employment & Payroll. Joinpoint regression was used to estimate average annual percentage changes and annual percentage changes from 2000 through 2023. State and local full-time and part-time government health employees included public health and several other categories of health workers. State and local government health employees per million persons remained stable in the U.S. from 2000 through 2023. Heterogeneous trends in state and local government health employees were observed by region: Northeast (average annual percentage change=0.5% increase, 95% CI=0.3%, 0.7%), Midwest (average annual percentage change=0.9% increase, 95% CI=0.6%, 1.1%), South (average annual percentage change= -0.7% decrease, 95% CI= -0.9%, -0.5%), and West (average annual percentage change=0.1% increase, 95% CI= -0.1%, 0.2%). The authors observed further variation in state-stratified analyses. Most U.S. states experienced decreasing trends during the Great Recession (2007-2009) and increasing trends during the COVID-19 pandemic (2020-2023). Stable and long-term funding streams are essential to support consistent recruitment, training, and retention of state and local government health employees. Health policies should account for regional variations in health needs and employment trends when planning the state and local government health hiring.

Using cognitive testing to predict employment status in multiple sclerosis: A comparative study of the SDMT and a computerized cognitive assessment tool.

Introduction: In the recently published National Family Health Survey (NFHS)-5 data, Anand district’s performance was not promising in terms of nutrition of mother and child; and being the only tertiary care teaching hospital in the district, there is a need to generate the study data. Aim: To evaluate the anthropometric profile of paediatric patients across different age groups at a Tertiary Care Centre, and to study its association with maternal education and occupation. Also, to compare the anthropometry indicators of NFHS-5 of Anand district with anthropometry of hospitalised children. Materials and Methods: The present retrospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Paediatrics of Pramukhswami Medical College and Shree Krishna Hospital in Anand district in Gujarat state between January 2023 to December 2023. A total of 1099 patients admitted under the Paediatric Department between the age groups of one month to 18 years in the Paediatric Ward and Paediatric Intensive Care Unit were included. All pertinent baseline details and their anthropometry were measured and plotted on World Health Organisation (WHO) and Indian Academy of Paediatrics (IAP) growth charts. Expected age values were calculated, and Z-scores were determined for classification. Mothers were also surveyed about their education and employment status. The Chi-square test was used to study the association between maternal education and occupation, and the Z-test for proportion compared results with NFHS 5 data. Results: A total of 1099 paediatric patients were admitted during the study period. The median (Q1,Q3) age of study cohort was 67(21,137) months and males were 651(59.24%). Among all patients, 70% were stunted and 85% were underweight. Data for children under 5 significantly differed from NFHS-5 data (p<0.001), with higher rates of stunting (69.5% vs. 38.4%), underweight (84.8% vs. 46.6%), wasting (77.8% vs. 28.6%), and severe wasting (29.6% vs.10.9%). Maternal education and occupation were linked to child growth, with stunting associated with maternal education and underweight linked to maternal occupation in older children. Conclusion: The study revealed higher prevalence rates of stunting, wasting, and underweight among indoor paediatric patients compared to NFHS-5 data for the Anand district.

Examining associations between food insecurity and disordered eating in U.S. veterans.

Clinical remission, functional recovery, and employment in early-phase schizophrenia treated with paliperidone palmitate: An 18-month longitudinal Asia-Pacific study.

Platform work and algorithmic management: Protecting workers irrespectively of their employment status

Impact of pre-graduation transition on psychosocial outcomes in childhood-onset focal epilepsy.

Relationship between social determinants of health and hip fracture in the American population: a cross-sectional NHANES study.

Psychosis is a clinically heterogenous disorder associated with significant difficulties with social and occupational function (psychosocial disability; PD). While environmental and cognitive factors are identified predictors of PD, the genetic contribution remains unclear. Here, we investigated the hypothesis that objective social participation (SP) and occupational engagement are genetically influenced. We performed mixed-linear-model genome-wide association studies of these phenotypes in the UK Biobank (N∼404,500) and a series of post-hoc analyses including Mendelian randomization (MR) to interpret findings. SP was defined as the frequency of social visits and leisure activities based on response to questionnaires. Occupational engagement was represented by two variables: occupational function (OF) and the established Not in Education, Employment, and Training (NEET) measure, both derived from employment status responses. We identified 17 independent loci for SP, with a SNP-based heritability of 4.1%. A list of contributory genes included TNRC6B, STAU1, CDH7, GBE1, DDX27, and several known schizophrenia risk genes including CSE1L, ZNF536 and TCF4. The regulation of synaptic signalling was implicated in the biology of SP by gene-set analysis. SNP-based heritabilities for OF and NEET were 1.8% and 1.3% respectively and DRD2 was associated with both phenotypes by gene-based analysis. Reduced SP and occupational engagement demonstrated genetic correlations with an increased risk for neuropsychiatric disorders, socioeconomic deprivation, lower cognitive ability, loneliness, neuroticism and chronic pain. MR indicated that attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and schizophrenia were likely causal for reduced occupational engagement. PD has a genetic component with shared genetic links and relationships with neuropsychiatric disorders and related traits.

To determine if the level of educational attainment mediates the relationship between a history of cancer experienced as an adolescent and young adult (AYA) and subsequent employment status. We identified AYAs with a history of cancer diagnosis between the ages of 15 and 22 using the Canadian Community Health Survey (years 2000 to 2017) linked to the Canadian Cancer Registry. Marginal structural mediation models were used to decompose the total effect of cancer on employment into the natural direct effect and the natural indirect effect through education completed. Employment status was categorized as full-time (reference category), part-time, or not employed and analyzed using a multinomial logistic marginal structural model. We identified 202,960 individuals, of whom 270 were diagnosed with cancer as an AYA. The average elapsed time from diagnosis to survey completion was 8.7 (SD, 5.1) years. Compared to cancer-free peers, survivors had 1.62 (95% CI, 1.22, 2.10) times the odds of non-employment compared to full-time employment. Educational attainment mediated 14.0% (95% CI, -2.1%, 30.8%) of this total effect. No evidence of a significant effect of cancer on part-time employment was observed. Being diagnosed with cancer between the ages of 15 and 22 contributes to subsequent non-employment. Findings highlight the employment challenges faced by AYA survivors of cancer. Cancer's adverse effect on AYA survivors is directly on employment status rather than through the level of education attained, highlighting opportunities for interventions that promote work ability among survivors.

This study aims to determine the relationship between problematic social media usage, addiction to mindful eating, digital nutrition, and health literacy among adults. Cross-sectional study. The study involved 405 participants (154 men, 251 women) aged between 18 and 60. The participants were administered a questionnaire package involving demographic information sheet, anthropometric measurements, Mindful Eating Questionnaire (MEQ), Health Literacy Index (HLI), Digital Healthy Diet Literacy (DHDL), and Social Media Addiction Form (SMAS). Women scored 2.2 ± 0.34 on the MEQ, 102.5 ± 16.41 on the HLI, 21.4 ± 11.95 on the DHDL, and 2.2 ± 0.71 on the SMAS. Men scored 2.3 ± 0.34, 100.8 ± 14.69, 21.1 ± 11.89, 2.6 ± 2.49, respectively. Significant correlations were found between problematic social media use and education level, and employment status (p < 0.05). There was a positive correlation between problematic social media use and mindful eating, while a negative relationship was found between problematic social media use and health literacy (p < 0.05). There was a significant negative relationship between health literacy and mindful eating, and a significant positive relationship between health literacy and digital nutrition literacy (p < 0.05). Problematic social media usage has an impact on mindful eating, health literacy, and nutrition literacy. Improving health literacy could reduce problematic social media use by enabling individuals to benefit from health information better. Exposure to unverified diet trends on Instagram, on social media, might prevent the beneficial use of the platforms.

Background: Social media has become an integral part of daily life, influencing how adults communicate, seek information, and construct identities. However, there is growing concern about its psychological effects, especially regarding anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and sleep patterns. While substantial research has focused on adolescents, the impact of social media on adults' mental health remains under-explored. Objective: This study aims to address this gap by examining the psychological effects of social media use among adults, with particular attention to how different usage patterns—active engagement versus passive consumption—affect mental well-being. Methodology: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 188 adult participants. Data were collected through an online questionnaire that assessed demographics, social media usage patterns, and psychological well-being (including anxiety, depression, self-esteem, and sleep disruption). Regression analysis was performed to determine the relationship between social media usage and mental health outcomes, controlling for demographic variables. Findings: The study found that while the amount of time spent on social media did not significantly affect anxiety, depression, self-esteem, or sleep disruption, social comparison was significantly associated with higher anxiety and depressive symptoms. FoMO also showed a trend toward increased anxiety, though not statistically significant. Additionally, passive social media consumption was linked to lower self-esteem, and both age and employment status were positively correlated with self-esteem. There were no significant relationships between social media use and sleep disruption. Conclusion: The study underscores the importance of understanding engagement patterns and internal psychological processes in the context of social media use. Future interventions should consider digital behavior patterns, promoting balanced engagement and mitigating the negative effects of comparison and FoMO. Further longitudinal studies are needed to establish causal relationships and explore long-term effects.

Purpose This study examines the motivations, employment status, and behavioural patterns of registered job seekers in A'Sharqiyah North Governorate, Oman, highlighting discrepancies between official unemployment statistics and actual job-seeking behaviour. Design/methodology/approach Using a mixed-methods design, the study analyzes Ministry of Labor data (n = 7,670) and 15 qualitative interviews with job seekers, employers, and officials. Analyses included descriptive statistics, confirmatory factor analysis, and structural equation modelling to explore predictors of strategic registration behaviour. Findings Many registrants are not actively seeking employment, with a notable proportion already employed, self-employed, or registering to access government benefits. This strategic registration inflates unemployment figures and affects the accuracy of policy evaluations. Research limitations/implications Findings are based on one governorate and a small qualitative sample, limiting generalizability. Future research could extend the serious jobseeker index (SJI) nationally and examine its longitudinal applicability. Practical implications Policymakers should refine classification systems to distinguish serious from passive job seekers, align vocational programs with labour market needs, and improve the targeting and evaluation of employment policies. Social implications The study highlights cultural preferences for public-sector jobs and gender barriers affecting women's participation, emphasizing the need for policies promoting equity and inclusive employment opportunities. Originality/value By introducing a preliminary operational SJI with initial evidence of criterion validity, the study offers a structured approach for distinguishing levels of job-seeking activity while recognizing that the index requires future longitudinal validation.

Cognitive impairment can affect people with multiple sclerosis (MS) at all stages, negatively impacting their work performance and quality of life. This study aimed to report the cognitive function and employment status data for participants with highly active relapsing MS (RMS) treated with cladribine tablets (CladT) during the 2-year, prospective, open-label, exploratory, single-arm, multicentre, phase IV CLARIFY-MS study. In this post hoc analysis, changes in cognitive function at month (M)12 and M24 (vs baseline) were measured using the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS) battery. Additional analyses were conducted to assess clinically meaningful 4- and 8-point changes in Symbol Digit Modalities Test (SDMT) scores. The employment status of participants was determined through a survey at baseline and M24. BICAMS parameter scores remained stable over 2years in CladT-treated participants. As determined by a 4- and 8-point change, a high proportion of participants had increased or stable SDMT scores at M24 versus baseline. The mean annualised percentage brain volume change (PBVC) in participants was low. No correlation was found between changes in BICAMS parameter scores and annualised PBVC. Furthermore, no major differences in the employment status of participants were observed over 2years, with > 40% of participants being in full-time employment during the study. Most CLARIFY-MS participants had increased or stable information processing speed at M24 (vs baseline), as determined using clinically meaningful 4- and 8-point changes in SDMT scores. Overall, the cognitive function and employment status of CladT-treated participants with highly active RMS remained stable over 2years. URL: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03369665 ; ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03369665.

Introduction: Unattended clinic visits, or patient no-shows, can have harmful effects on patient health and well being and an unfavorable impact on the revenue stream and financial efficiency of the health system. The objective of this study was to assess potential risk factors associated with clinic no-shows across orthopaedic subspecialties in a large, tertiary care, academic, medical center. Methods: Clinic appointments labeled as “completed” or “no-show” between January 1, 2021 and June 30, 2023, were retrospectively collected from an outpatient orthopaedic department at a single institution. Patient demographic, socioeconomic, and visit characteristics evaluated as potential risk factors for no-shows included patient age, sex, race, social deprivation index (SDI) at the zip code level, documented social support, employment status, insurance coverage, time between appointment creation and appointment date, orthopaedic subspecialty, appointment type (ie, new versus established patient status), and referral status (ie, self-referred versus referral from a medical provider). Variable selection was done with univariate logistic regression analysis, and adjusted risk of no-shows was estimated using multivariable logistic regression. Matching was done to control for potential confounding from patient age and sex, subspecialty, and appointment type. Results: Overall, 148,352 clinic appointments were included in the primary analysis. Multivariable logistic regression analysis before matching cohorts demonstrated statistically significant associations between no-show appointments and advanced age, female sex, self-identified Black or African American race, unemployment, lack of social support, and Foot and Ankle visits. After cohorts were matched, a total of 22,154 clinic appointments were included in the final analysis with an equal number of “completed” and “no-show” visits. Multivariable logistic regression modeling of the matched no-shows and completed visits demonstrated a higher odds of no-show appointments among patients self-identifying as Black/African American, lacking social support, being unemployed, being a student or retiree, having Medicare insurance, and a having a higher SDI. Conclusion: Higher odds of patient no-shows were determined for several patient- and visit-level variables, including Black/African American race, lack of social support, unemployment, Medicare insurance, and higher SDI. Level of Evidence: III

Purpose This article explores the growing ambiguity in employment classification in the context of the gig economy and the rise in nonstandard work. It seeks to examine how employment status, a concept at the core of the welfare state, affects the interpretation and enforcement of employment and welfare rights and the pivotal role played by state institutions. Design/methodology/approach We use a case study approach drawing on a recent landmark case in Ireland (Karshan vs Revenue Commissioners). We analyse the role of state institutions in shaping individual employment and welfare rights while securing economic efficiency and income tax generation for the state. We draw on the body of work surrounding the Supreme Court judgement including policy documents and public communication from relevant state institutions in their responses to the judgement. Findings We find that through the interplay of institutions the state contributes further to labour market dualisation both in practical and conceptual terms maintaining a fragmented and two-tiered concept of what constitutes employment for tax purposes in one sphere and for social and employment rights in another. Our findings show that a worker can simultaneously occupy insider and outsider positions in this regard. Originality/value The article offers a novel perspective by moving beyond the legal analysis of employment status to examine the integration of economic and social domains, highlighting how state institutions contribute to and even exacerbate labour market dualisation.

This study examines social workers' decisions to stay or leave social service departments in Israel. Previous research has primarily focused on factors influencing either retention or turnover separately, with limited exploration of common denominators affecting both decisions. Drawing on interviews and focus groups with 22 current and 25 former social workers, we identify three key tensions that influence both retention and turnover: (a) between supportive guidance and supervision and professional isolation; (b) between stable and balanced working conditions and imbalanced, precarious employment; and (c) between a sense of professional accomplishment and meaningful impact and feelings of helplessness and inadequacy. These tensions highlight the multifaceted nature of factors influencing social workers' career decisions, emphasizing common elements that, when present, contribute to retention, and when absent or negative, might cause turnover. The findings contribute to the literature on social work retention by emphasizing the importance of supervisory support, employment conditions, and sense of professional efficacy. Understanding these common denominators can inform strategies to improve working conditions and retention in social services globally. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2026 APA, all rights reserved).

Introduction Changes in job characteristics and conditions intensify uncertainty, necessitating investigating the extent to which employees experience career anxiety, which could adversely influence employee wellbeing and organizational outcomes. Career anxiety is distinct from job insecurity which consists out of objective and subjective job insecurity. Objective job insecurity is related to employment relations (viz. employment contract), while subjective job insecurity emphasizes anticipation relating to desired employment conditions. Career anxiety is an emotional state in response to attaining decent work and hindrances to job performance. Methods A quantitative research design was utilized by means of collecting primary data from 345 participants ( n = 345) using a questionnaire. Statistical analyses included regression analysis, as well as ascertaining the mediation role of job crafting and the moderating role of burnout. Results Career anxiety reverted significant associations with burnout and work engagement. Burnout was found to be significantly negatively associated with work engagement. Job crafting was found to be a significant mediator that partially mediates the association between career anxiety and burnout. Burnout was found to be statistically a moderator that moderates the association between career anxiety and work engagement. Discussion Results underscore that job crafting mediated the association between career anxiety and burnout, which, in turn, reduces burnout. Higher levels of burnout would exacerbate career anxiety, decreasing the experience of work engagement. Future studies should be conducted to validate the results. This study contributes to the corpus of knowledge regarding career anxiety, with a lacuna of research identified internationally indicative of the originality of the research.

ABSTRACT Background This study aimed to validate the French version of the Well-being in Pregnancy (WiP) scale, a 12-item instrument assessing three dimensions of well-being during pregnancy: positive pregnancy, concerns over support after birth, and confidence in motherhood. Method A sample of 299 pregnant women (second and third trimesters) in the French-speaking part of Switzerland completed an online survey. Results Confirmatory factor analysis supported the original three-factor structure of the WiP and showed good internal consistency. Differences in the WiP scores were found according to women’s employment status, financial resources, pregnancy trimester, pregnancy complications, parity, and previous childbirth complications. However, given the nature of the data, measurement invariance could not be examined and group comparisons should be interpreted with caution. The WiP scores were positively correlated with life satisfaction, positive affect, and negatively correlated with negative affect, anxiety and depression symptoms. Conclusion The French WiP is a valid tool for assessing well-being during pregnancy and represents a valuable resource for both research and antenatal care.

The study was conducted to find out the status of employment of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration graduates, specifically those majoring in Marketing Management from school years 2017-2020. Specifically, the study described the profile of the graduates, employment current status and history. Additionally, it determined also the competencies developed, their level of preparedness in their future career, as well their level of satisfaction on their academic experience. They also recommended on what aspect needs to be improved in the delivery of the educational services. In data gathering, a survey questionnaire was adapted from Commission of Higher Education (CHED) GTS. The data collection was done using multimode surveys where it utilized both online and paper survey. Majority of the respondents were between 26 to 28 years old. The primary reason for taking business course is their strong passion for the profession. Most graduates were employed in private institutions and were hired immediately after six months of graduation. Their current roles directly related to their college degree. Graduates credited the quality of their education to the teaching faculty, whiles values formation was attributed to various extracurricular activities. To better prepare students for the workforce, graduates recommended increasing the frequency of seminars, training, and activities focused on entrepreneurial and corporate skills. Over all, the findings indicate that BSBA Marketing Management graduates are highly employable. They are well-prepared for their professional undertakings and expressed high levels of satisfaction with their academic experience at Notre Dame of Marbel University.