Disciplinary Approaches Research Articles

Restorative practices in reducing school violence: a systematic review of positive impacts on emotional wellbeing

IntroductionRestorative practices (RP) have been implemented in educational settings to reduce school violence and improve emotional wellbeing and group cohesion. This systematic review examines their effectiveness in the school context.MethodWe searched Scopus and Web of Science, selecting 13 studies that met specific inclusion criteria. The studies analyzed included diverse methodologies and populations, mainly from the United States and the United Kingdom.ResultsFindings indicate that RP reduces violence, improves emotional wellbeing, and promotes socio-emotional skills. However, the predominance of quantitative approaches and the need for longitudinal studies limit the in-depth understanding of their sustained effects.ConclusionRP positively impacts school climate, although further research in varied contexts and with mixed methodologies is recommended to assess its long-term sustainability. Schools should implement RP gradually, integrating students, teachers, and families. The implication of this study focuses on making visible alternative disciplinary approaches that not only regulate behavior appropriately but also foster a culture based on peace, inclusion and respect in the educational environment. The information obtained will help educational institutions to create informed policies and programs that promote a safe and inclusive environment, fostering the holistic development of students and supporting the creation of a culture of peace in schools.

There are still more black boys in the office: educators’ perspectives on racial discipline disparities after restorative justice implementation

ABSTRACT This study examines how structural determinism, an element of critical race theory, influences teacher decision-making in school discipline, particularly within schools that do not report racial disparities in discipline data. Despite the implementation of less punitive discipline approaches, teachers’ decisions stem from or are limited by structural determinism. This qualitative study involved interviews with 12 teachers within one district to explore their perceptions of discipline through the lens of structural determinism. The findings indicate that teachers’ decisions are shaped by structural factors related to structural determinism, resulting in inconsistent discipline methods being used, maintaining racial disparities in school discipline even when restorative practices are implemented. One way this occurs may be through dishonest reporting of discipline incidents Additionally, culturally responsive training that includes contexts of sociopolitical oppression could be one way to shift practices. Another recommendation is that school discipline scholars should utilise a variety of methods in research and data collection. Ultimately, this study contributes to the understanding of how structural determinism perpetuates inequities in school discipline, highlighting the need for systemic change.

Examining a Holistic Framework for Evaluating Clinical Outcomes in Parallel With Non-Clinical Outcomes.

While clinical research seeks to evaluate outcomes of various types, no framework has been identified that permits a sufficiently broad approach to evaluating clinical outcomes, in parallel with non-clinical outcomes. The objective of this paper is to examine a unifying framework for evaluating clinical outcomes in parallel with non-clinical outcomes by drawing on different understandings of the Common Good. The proposed framework must have broad application, accounting for the various types of outcomes that may emerge within different disciplinary approaches and identifying the benefits or harms that might be experienced by the clinical research participants. Six different definitions of the Common Good originally described by Boltanski and Thévenot are presented. The six conceptions of the Common Good identify organising principles by which an outcome is evaluated as beneficial or harmful. It also identifies the various ways that the researched persons, and the researchers, are subjectified. Academic literature that reported outcomes for persons living with dementia was purposively sampled to demonstrate the application of the six definitions of the Common Good. A wide range of outcomes from clinical research may be evaluated in parallel, based upon the assumption that the Common Good may be expressed as a plurality of perceived goods extending beyond purely clinical, technically measured outcomes. Further, the subjects of interventions may be described in non-clinical language, thus respecting the many roles that may be important to them as human persons and agents. Boltanski and Thévenot's Economies of Worth framework allows research outcomes to be evaluated consistently against the six definitions of the Common Good. The definitions of the Common Good inhere six different Worlds: Civic, Domestic, Industry, Inspiration, Market and Opinion (or Celebrity). Each World is structured around a Higher Common Principle by which the Common Good is defined within that specific world. The example of research amongst people living with dementia demonstrates the robustness of this framework by identifying a wide range of non-clinical outcomes. These extend the understanding of the practical ways in which participants, their families and associates, researchers, and also organisations, are variously presented as subjects according to the different definitions of the Common Good. This theoretical approach has the potential to inform and support research in clinical settings and guide funding bodies in the evaluation of research projects that give rise to clinical and non-clinical outcomes. A matrix that applies the structure of the definitions of the Worlds could be developed to support the comparison of research outcomes arising from diverse objectives and methodologies.

Using hackathons to enhance university-level water curriculum for students in minority communities

This article illustrates the potential for hackathons to serve as an innovative educational tool in addressing the underrepresentation of minority communities in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) fields. Using Merced, California—a region recognised for its agricultural economy, socioeconomic disparities, and diverse population—as a case study, this work explored how hackathons focused on water-related and agricultural challenges help align the region's agricultural needs with the current workforce's skills. Hackathons have the potential to augment university-level water curricula, bridging traditional disciplinary approaches and strengthening the local workforce. Workshops within these hackathons are an opportunity to introduce new skills and techniques, fostering a problem-solving environment. Finally, the authors provided recommendations, based on participant survey data, to enhance future hackathons, focusing on increasing engagement among minority groups, contributing to a more inclusive and diverse STEM workforce.

Vocational education and training (VET) system governance: a systematic literature review

ABSTRACT In this study, we conduct a systematic literature review of records across disciplines dealing with VET system governance. The literature draws on a broad array of disciplines including political science, sociology, economics, development economics, and education policy. Despite this, we find a generally interconnected literature, which is neither ideologically isolated nor always based in a single disciplinary approach. In addition, we identify 16 variables across 6 dimensions that are commonly used to describe governance in VET systems. Those dimensions are: codified, unified, and principled national approach; coordination at all levels; cooperation and involvement; skills supply and demand; finances and funding; and providing high-quality and attractive VET. In general, the literature is not fully cohesive but avoids being isolated into ideological silos.

FOCA orthodontic diagnosis method: Facial, occlusal, cephalometric, and anamnesis analysis – Description of the method and instruments applied

Diagnosis is considered the determining step for success or failure in orthodontic treatment and must be performed considering heredity, individual characteristics, and the patient’s environment, both for corrective and interceptive orthodontics. To establish a sequence and associate relevant information that defines a treatment plan, the facial, occlusal, cephalometric, and anamnesis (FOCA) diagnostic method was created. This method is actively used by more than 3000 dentists and its instruments have already been shared with more than 110,000 dentists in Brazil and Latin America, through online events. This article aims to describe the methodology and instruments created for its application. The 13-step facial analysis guide, occlusal analysis in the transverse, vertical, and sagittal directions, as well as inter and intra-arch analysis, are described in this work. The anamnesis guide instrument highlights heredity, medical history, menarche, habits, trauma, tooth loss, breathing, speech changes, snoring, bruxism, and TMJ function deviations. The sequence of what to do with the information obtained through facial and occlusal analysis is described in this work: The elaboration of therapeutic goals, list of problems, alternative approaches, and final treatment sequence. The FOCA diagnostic method guarantees a disciplined approach to diagnosis and treatment planning. The systematization of information, as well as the implementation of technology in the diagnostic steps, justifies treatment decisions and leads the professional to more complete and assertive treatment plans.

Risk Management and Sustainability Performance Research Map: A comprehensive Bibliometric analysis

Purpose – This study aims to investigate research trends and patterns in the field of risk management and sustainability performance using bibliometric analysis methods.Methodology/approach – By utilizing the Scopus database from 2000- 2024, we collect data from relevant articles and conduct analysis of keywords, authors, journals, and institutional affiliates. To address this issue, our critical review examined 677 articles discussing research on risk management and sustainability. The analysis tools used for bibliometric analysis are Biblioshiny and Vos Viewer.Findings – The results of the analysis show that there are eight main clusters covering various related aspects, such as corporate sustainability, supply chain management, environmental management, disaster risk management, credit risk management and green economy, business competition, decision management, and sustainable entrepreneurship. Each cluster is analyzed in depth to identify the contribution and relationship between the variables involved.Novelty/value – These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the current research landscape and point to potential directions for future research in the field of risk management and sustainability. This research also emphasizes the importance of a cross- disciplinary approach in addressing global sustainability challenges

Literacy assessment as teacher agency and expertise

PurposeThe paper aims to develop a coherent understanding of literacy assessment, one that draws on current conceptualising of assessment generally while accounting for the complexity of literacy and literacy development. It responds to The Foundation for Learning Literacy Touchstone #8, offering a view of assessment as an “eco-system” comprising national, system, school and classroom sites and argues for recognition of the crucial place of teachers’ expertise and professional judgement.Design/methodology/approachThe paper reports on action-oriented research in which upper primary teachers worked with an education academic to improve writing pedagogy in their classroom practice. Part of a larger project which took a genre-based, disciplinary literacy approach, the paper focuses on five year five teachers who collaboratively designed and implemented a literature study in each of their classrooms. Data collected included planning documents, exemplar texts, student work samples, teacher reflections and interviews and student interviews. Data were mapped against the teachers’ goals with respect to genre and literary concepts and analysed for key concepts related to current conceptualisations of assessment.FindingsThe paper offers insights into the interconnection between curriculum, pedagogy and assessment. It demonstrates how the teacher–participants planned for literacy and content and how they drew on formative assessment at different points of the teaching–learning cycle to support students to successfully complete a culminating writing task. In doing so, it demonstrates the expertise of the teachers in weaving together formative and summative assessment as well as the complexity of literacy assessment that cannot be captured entirely in one-shot assessments or diagnostic tests. Such complexity requires the richness possible when curriculum, pedagogy and assessment are aligned, as is evident in the case study.Research limitations/implicationsThe action research approach offers opportunities to develop deep understandings of the site but cannot be generalised to other sites. However, the detail with which we describe the practices means aspects of the study may be recognisable as like those in other sites.Practical implicationsThe paper brings together a range of disparate literacy assessment practices in a coherent and accessible way that policymakers, schools and teachers will find generative. It will be useful for preservice teachers who often witness a range of practices in schools and wonder how they fit together. It also offers a means of communicating with media and other commentators about literacy and literacy assessment in an educative way.Originality/valueThe paper fulfils an identified need for a coherent approach which brings together the many practices and tools that currently exist in systems, schools and classrooms.

Reconsidering the Asylum Lottery: Refugee Determination and the Structure of Luck

An influential body of legal scholarship suggests that luck plays a role in determining who gets refugee status where legal processes operate as a ‘roulette’ or ‘lottery’. These metaphors act as a powerful way of signalling how systems of justice produce unfair outcomes, but scholarship on refugee law has, to date, paid little attention to date on how luck functions as a concept. Drawing from other disciplinary approaches to conceptualising luck, this article uses empirical research on access to immigration advice in England to develop a more critical approach to luck. The findings demonstrate how experiences of luck within immigration systems are connected to structural inequalities and other factors that are often produced by – and can be addressed through – policy decisions. I argue that, as legal scholars, we need to be cautious about accepting individual narratives of luck at face value, because luck implies a lack of control and can therefore work to obscure these more structural issues. Paying closer attention to how experiences of luck are produced and structured by legal processes can, however, also help to expand the conceptual tools that we use to work towards fairer systems of justice.

Using Human-Centered Design in Community-Based Public Health Research: Insights from the ECHO Study on COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy in Montreal, Canada.

(1) Background: This study used human-centered design (HCD) within a community-based research project to collaboratively develop local strategies aimed at enhancing COVID-19 vaccine confidence among children and youth. (2) Methods: HCD projects were carried out between December 2021 and August 2022 by four community-based design (CBD) teams in Montreal, Canada. The CBD teams were composed of parent and youth community members, public health and social science researchers, and HCD specialists. Process evaluation data, collected from the CBD team members through focus group discussions and written questionnaires, were used to reflect on the use of HCD in this project. (3) Results: The CBD teams designed and implemented projects addressing factors they identified as contributing to COVID-19 vaccine hesitancy for children and youth in their communities, including misinformation, lack of trust, social inequities, and resistance to pandemic-related restrictions. The CBD team members appreciated many aspects of the HCD approach, especially the values it stands for, such as empathy, co-creation, and collaboration. HCD and public health specialists described some tension between the different disciplinary approaches. (4) Conclusions: HCD holds promise for addressing complex public health issues, though further exploration of strategies for integrating HCD within established models of community-based public health research is needed.

School Leadership Support Towards Teachers' Management of Students’ Discipline in Uganda Secondary Schools in the Post Corporal Punishment Era-Northern Region

The study explored leadership measures provided by schools’ head teachers towards teachers' management of students’ discipline in Uganda secondary schools. It adopted two qualitative data collection methods: semi-structured in-depth interviews and document review. Interviews were conducted with 4 head teachers focusing on their leadership support toward discipline management. One-on-one interviews allowed for deeper insights into the topic. Documents review included school policy, training programme for teachers, log books and disciplinary records providing how teachers were supported in managing learners’ discipline. Purposive sampling of four schools was done based on the recommendations from the schools’ inspectors’ report. Data was thematically analysed by grouping it into themes and further assigned codes. To ensure the credibility of the instruments, consistency checks were done throughout the process of coding, transcription, and putting into themes while the instrument’s trustworthiness was assessed by pre-testing the instrument questions in 2 schools. The finding indicated that discipline is defined as a system, and these systems are managed through procedures such as discipline code, consultation, guidance, and counselling to modify inappropriate behaviours, provide effective communication, and make school safe by providing a conducive healthy environment. The study recommends that school educators usher disciplinary problems with empathy for the possible problems students may be experiencing at school that cause their indiscipline. This necessitates the use of alternative discipline approaches in schools. Therefore, school teachers should all be taught alternative approaches to school discipline, such as guidance and counselling, to make the school a safe learning environment

Understanding perceptions of teachers and pupils towards corporal punishment for pupils with disabilities in primary schools in Tanzania

In Tanzanian primary schools, corporal punishment is legally permitted and widely practiced as a disciplinary method, often extending to pupils with disabilities. This study explores the perceptions of teachers and pupils towards the use of corporal punishment on pupils with disabilities, focusing on its implications for social justice and inclusive education. A qualitative approach, employing a phenomenological design, was used to understand the lived experiences of the participants. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with two head teachers and eight subject teachers, as well as focus group discussions involving ten pupils with disabilities, all purposively sampled. Thematic analysis revealed that corporal punishment is commonly justified by teachers as a means of addressing indiscipline, despite its negative impact on pupils’ emotional well-being and academic engagement. Some teachers recognized the contradiction between corporal punishment and inclusive education principles, highlighting its violation of the rights of pupils with disabilities. Pupils described feeling marginalized and fearful, highlighting the adverse effects of this practice on their sense of belonging and learning environment. The study recommends a shift towards alternative disciplinary approaches that uphold the rights and dignity of all pupils, particularly those with disabilities. It emphasizes the need for targeted professional development programs to equip teachers with non-violent strategies for managing classroom behavior. Furthermore, it calls for the enforcement of inclusive education policies and the creation of support networks to foster socially just and equitable learning environments. By addressing these issues, this study contributes to the discourse on inclusive education and social justice, advocating for systemic reforms to align Tanzanian educational practices with global standards.

Computational thinking in STEM education: current state-of-the-art and future research directions

The knowledge society exists mainly due to advancing technology and the exponential development of professionals’ capabilities. Digital transformation and new technologies generate complex environments demanding high-level skills. This work analyzes the current state of pedagogical approaches with a special focus on project-based learning that develops computational thinking in STEM students. A Systematic Literature Review examined the current state of pedagogical approaches along with project-based learning aimed at enhancing computational thinking within the context of higher education. Results allowed us to infer that (a) computational thinking promotes sustainable development through STEM education and novel teaching practices; (b) it is a fundamental skill for the problem-solving processes that evolve with technological progress; (c) its development is a global concern, not limited to a country’s development level; and (d) its introduction at an early stage provides opportunities for the advancement of vulnerable groups. Outlining, this study conducts a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) using PRISMA 2020 guidelines to analyze pedagogical approaches including project-based learning for enhancing computational thinking in STEM higher education, identifying global research trends, common strategies, and areas for improvement, while proposing a framework to align computational thinking skills with emerging technological challenges and promote sustainable educational practices. This study presents relevant results on the construction of state-of-the-art computational thinking and education; it is valuable for curricular design underpinning disciplinary and interdisciplinary approaches.

A Brief Online Intervention to Increase Use of Nonphysical Discipline Approaches: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Moderate levels of child disruptive behavior are common and developmentally appropriate during toddlerhood. Caregiver discipline methods influence the development of regulatory strategies in children and the trajectory of behavior problems as children develop. Spanking is a commonly used discipline method in the United States that has been found to result in negative outcomes in childhood and adulthood. Given the high prevalence of child disruptive behaviors and frequency of caregivers' reliance on spanking to manage child behavior, it is important to disseminate information about safe and effective alternatives, including timeout. Previous research has shown that Play Nicely, a brief online program, may be an efficacious approach to reduce caregivers' positive attitudes toward spanking. However, investigators have yet to investigate whether Play Nicely may also influence caregivers' use of alternative nonphysical discipline methods. This study is a follow-up of a randomized controlled trial that examined Play Nicely's impact on attitudes toward and use of spanking. This study investigated whether Play Nicely increased reported use of nonphysical discipline methods among caregivers following intervention. Participants were 107 caregivers of 1- to 5-year-old children recruited from a pediatric primary care clinic and randomly assigned to participate in the Play Nicely program (n = 49) or a control condition (n = 58). Data on caregivers' use of effective nonphysical discipline methods were collected using a self-report measure administered in a primary care clinic at baseline and at one month following intervention. Participants in the treatment group were significantly more likely than those in the control group to report using timeout following the intervention (p < .05). Findings indicate that participation in Play Nicely may increase caregivers' self-reported use of timeout, suggesting that further dissemination of this program may be an effective means of increasing caregivers' use of alternatives to spanking.

교원 정치적 기본권의 포괄적 제한에 관한 헌법재판소 결정례의 “교육” 개념 검토

The debate about the political fundamental rights of teachers shows no sign of abating. This paper examines whether the premise of the issue itself is flawed. It uses Jang Sang-ho’s ‘the wrong view of education’, which criticises the first period of education studies, as a framework for analysis, and constitutional court cases that are considered important by both proponents and opponents of guaranteeing teachers’ political fundamental rights. The wrong view of education includes “conventional approach to education”, “heterogeneous disciplinary approach to education” and “result-oriented approach to education”, which confuse the extraneous and internal of education and not only hide education but also cause problems such as nationalism. Specifically, in both traditional and outcome-oriented approaches to education, even the extraneous of education within the school system was labeled as ‘education,’ with its rules and values applied to the educative process. However, in ‘2018heonma551’(2018헌마551), the Constitutional Court partially shows that the guarantee of teachers’ political fundamental rights based on the reconceptualisation of “education” may be favourable to the consolidation of the core of school∩education.

SOSIALISASI PENERAPAN AKUNTANSI PADA OBYEK WISATA D‘GONGGRES KABUPATEN LOMBOK TENGAH

This socialization program aims to provide training on the preparation of simple financial reports for the managers of the D'Gonggres tourist attraction in Central Lombok Regency. The activity is carried out through presentations and discussions. The target audience for this Community Service activity is the managers of the D'Gonggres tourist attraction in Central Lombok Regency. Through this program, it is expected that the managers will be able to optimize their cash management and begin to develop a disciplined approach to recording structured bookkeeping, enabling them to prepare simple financial reports to support operational decision-making processes. The activity begins by assisting the managers in identifying cash needs for their business operations, training them in transaction recording processes, and guiding them in the preparation of simple financial reports. The expected outcomes of this program are that the managers of the D'Gonggres tourist attraction will be able to identify cash flow and business expenses, maintain more organized bookkeeping, and eventually produce simple financial reports.

The Role of Intelligence in America's Grand Strategy

The importance of intelligence in the American Revolutionary War is undeniable. However, although George Washington, the commander of the Continental Army and the first president of the United States, was an influential figure in American intelligence during this war, the conditions of the time did not allow for the institutionalization of intelligence practices. Indeed, after World War I, the United States abandoned its isolationist foreign policy. This shift not only influenced the liberal policies adopted by Woodrow Wilson but also led to significant changes in American state policies and intelligence strategies. During the Cold War, the perception of communism as a threat to liberal policies and the global economic order led the United States to adopt a more rational and pragmatic approach to dealing with this threat. As a result, the United States not only developed a more disciplined approach to intelligence operations but also institutionalized them. The indirect victory of the United States in the Cold War and the dominant role of the US dollar in the global economic system significantly contributed to the strengthening of American hegemony and the implementation of the American Grand Strategy. This study seeks to answer the question: What role does intelligence play in the American Grand Strategy?

Hukum korupsi di Indonesia perspektif multidisipliner

Corruption is not just a symptom, it has become a culture. In essence, corruption is a form of structural violence and cultural violence. Various approaches have been offered to provide solutions to eradicating corruption, but the results have not been optimal. In this paper, we will examine various approaches in various scientific disciplines (multidisciplinary: anthropology, morals, philosophy, law and education) to the problem of corruption, including multiple interpretations of terms, to be able to provide a comprehensive understanding. From an anthropological perspective, for example, corruption originates from the traditional concept of tribute, and this tribute tradition originates from the concept of offerings. Then in Islam there are also those who transcend the concept of tribute into zakat, and the concept of offerings with udhiyyah. In another perspective, these efforts include; moral force movement, dualism demarcation tactics and deliberative democracy (communicative action), criminal action (theft), and anti-corruption curriculum.

An Analysis on Investor’s Investment Pattern on Mutual Fund by Using Sip with Special Reference to Motilal Oswal PVT. LTD Honnavar Karnataka

he Indian mutual fund industry has undergone significant transformation, evolving from a state-controlled sector to a dynamic marketplace driven by private participation and regulatory reforms. This research delves into investor behavior patterns with a particular emphasis on the adoption of Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs) as a preferred method for mutual fund investments. With Motilal Oswal Pvt. Ltd. as a focal point, the study investigates the strategies employed to promote SIPs, the role of technological advancements in enhancing accessibility, and the importance of investor education in shaping investment decisions. By analyzing data from industry reports and investor surveys, this study highlights the critical factors influencing investment choices, including risk tolerance, financial goals, and market conditions. The findings reveal that SIPs are instrumental in fostering a disciplined investment approach, particularly among retail investors, due to their affordability and the benefits of rupee-cost averaging. Motilal Oswal's innovative mutual fund products and customer-centric strategies have positioned it as a key player in this sector. Keywords: Indian Mutual Fund Industry, Systematic Investment Plans (SIPs), Investor Behavior, Investment Strategies, Technological Advancements

Efektivitas Pendekatan Disiplin Positif dalam Membentuk Karakter Kedisiplinan Baik pada Peserta Didik Beragama Buddha Kelas VII di SMP Negeri 3 Gangga

The positive discipline approach is a method for educating and nurturing efforts to build positive thinking and behavior in students. By implementing the positive discipline approach, it is possible to develop good character in students. Similarly, for Buddhist students in grade VII at SMP Negeri 3 Gangga, the positive discipline approach has successfully shaped their character. This research aims to understand and describe the effectiveness of the positive discipline approach in developing good character among grade VII Buddhist students at SMP Negeri 3 Gangga. The research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive type. The data collection techniques used in this study include observation, interviews, and documentation. The data sources in this research include primary and secondary sources. The data analysis techniques employed by the researcher are data reduction, data display, verification, and conclusion drawing. The results of this research indicate that the positive discipline approach is effective in developing good character among grade VII Buddhist students at SMP Negeri 3 Gangga. This is evident from the positive thinking, behavior, and character of the students. Additionally, the good character demonstrated by the students, including responsibility, self-awareness, and discipline both within and outside the school environment, supports this effectiveness.