Data Collection Instrument Research Articles

Trust in the dentist and intention to return: a cross-sectional study

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze patients’ confidence and intention to return to the dentist who last performed dental care, and to verify associated factors. Methods: From a cross-sectional study, the sample consisted of 378 patients aged 15 years or older who underwent dental treatment in different locations in a city in southern Brazil. A self-administered questionnaire regarding affection and cognition with the dentist, confidence, and intention to return to dental service, life satisfaction, and sociodemographic questions formed of the data collection instrument. Results: Data were analyzed using a binary logistic regression model. Patients who had affection and cognition with their dentist (PR=2.01; 95%CI 1.73-2.32) and were satisfied with their lives were more likely to trust their dentist and return for dental care (PR=1.11; 95%CI 1.05-1.23). The positive aspects of cognition and affect for the dentist as well as life satisfaction influence the confidence in, and intention to return to the professional who performed the last dental procedure. Conclusions: The subjectivities of dental care and treatment, as well as professional behavior, are approaches that must be incorporated during dental training.

Pengembangan Media HAM (Haji dan Umrah) berbasis iSpring Suite pada Mata Pelajaran Fiqih Kelas X di MA Al-Bairuny Sambong Dukuh Jombang

Fiqih instruction in Class X at MA Al-Bairuny Sambong Dukuh Jombang remains predominantly lecture-based and relies solely on textbooks, resulting in student disengagement and low participation. This study aims to develop HAM (Hajj and Umrah) instructional media using iSpring Suite and to assess students’ responses to the media. The research employed a Research and Development (RnD) method using the ADDIE model, which includes the stages of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. Data collection instruments included validation questionnaires for media experts, subject matter experts, and student response surveys. Media expert validation scores averaged 77% in the first round (categorized as valid) and 84% in the second round (categorized as highly valid). Subject matter expert validation scores were 90% and 93%, both falling within the highly valid category. Meanwhile, student response results yielded a score of 91%, indicating high practicality. These findings demonstrate that the HAM media developed with iSpring Suite is both feasible and practical for use in Fiqih learning. The study underscores the importance of innovative interactive digital media in fostering engaging and effective learning, particularly for procedural content such as Hajj and Umrah rituals.

Pedagogical Innovation: An Analysis of Teaching Practice in Mathematics Professionals to Improve Students Learning

The aim of this research was to examine the teaching practice of professionals of the Secondary Specialization in Mathematics Didactics (SSMD) in secondary education, using a qualitative research design, cross-sectional type. Furthermore, we selected 11 teachers that finished their first education cycle in SSMD as sample. Two data collection instruments; observation technique and interview were used in this study. These instruments were used to collect information on the planning of learning sessions; description of learning session; critical reflection of learning session, intervention to overcome deficiencies; and commitment to improvements. The results showed many failures in the planning process of learning sessions, as well as in the execution and subsequent reflection, intervention and commitments to overcome them; these were consequences of the work of non-specialized professionals. Also, more than 50% of the teachers observed did not start with motivation that awaken the interest of the students based on situation in the environment, an organization in teams without established criteria, the use of inadequate didactic materials and the lack of strategies applied.

Effect of Career and Professional Development Course on Undergraduates’ Entrepreneurial and Professional Skills Development

Many students enroll in higher education with little exposure to entrepreneurial and career development skills. This gap points out the need to equip undergraduates with professional and entrepreneurial competencies to enhance career readiness in this 21st century. This study aimed to assess the effect of career and professional development courses on undergraduate students' professional and entrepreneurial skills. The study employed a quantitative approach and a descriptive design, guided by the Experiential Learning Theory. A census technique was used to consider 108 undergraduate students who had already been taken through career and professional development courses both in their first and second years of study. A closed-ended questionnaire developed via Google Form was used to collect data, with a response rate of 86.11%. The data collection instrument was piloted and validated, with Cronbach's alpha coefficients ranging from 0.88 to 0.98. The results revealed a positive perception among the respondents that the career and professional development courses they have undertaken have a positive effect on their entrepreneurial and professional skills. The study concluded that career and professional development courses implemented by the university college aligned well with industry trends and students’ needs and were effective in enhancing their entrepreneurial and professional skills. The study recommended that higher educational institutions should consider introducing their undergraduates to similar career and professional development courses to help develop their entrepreneurial and professional skills.

Facilitating students’ analytical thinking skill and scientific attitude in distance learning using local wisdom-based physics PBL E-module

The cultivation of 21st-century competencies can be facilitated through the study of physics, particularly focusing on the concept of elasticity. Elasticity, a fundamental concept in physics, demands analytical thinking and a scientific mindset for problem-solving within its domain. Employing a problem-based learning approach tailored to elasticity material, students are guided to engage with real-life issues intertwined with local knowledge. This pedagogical strategy aims to enhance students’ comprehension of elasticity principles by contextualizing them within familiar scenarios. This experimental study aims to assess: 1) the effectiveness of the Local Wisdom-based Physics PBL E-module to improve the student’s analytical thinking skills, 2) the effectiveness of using the Local Wisdom-based Physics PBL E-module in improving student’s attitudes toward science. This experimental research used pretest-posttest control group design. The selection of the research sample used the cluster random sampling method in 11th-grade students from the Natural Science program at MAN (Islamic Senior High School) 1 Yogyakarta, Indonesia. The data collection instruments used were pretests-posttets questions, and a scientific attitude questionnaire, yielding quantitative data. Analysis of data was carried out by descriptive statistical analysis using normalized gain. Inferential statistical analysis used normality, homogeneity, correlation, MANOVA, effect size, and Post Hoc tests. Findings indicated the effectiveness of the Local Wisdom-based Physics PBL E-module in enhancing both analytical thinking skills and scientific attitudes among students.

Digital Leadership and Remote Work Management. A Study of MTN, Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria

This study examines the relationship between digital leadership and remote work management. A study of MTN, Akwa Ibom State. A cross-sectional survey of 162 respondents was conducted from the respondents. For the objectives of the study to be achieved, three hypotheses were formulated and tested. The study utilized structured questionnaire as a major instrument for data collection. Simple percentage and regression models were used to analyze the research questions and hypotheses. The results revealed significant positive relationship between digital leadership and remote work management in MTN, Akw Ibom state. Based on the findings, the study recommends that the MTN, Akwa Ibom State should implement comprehensive digital literacy training programs tailored for her employees, develop strategies to enhance employee engagement in a remote work setting by incorporating regular feedback mechanisms and virtual team-building activities, and establish transparent employee monitoring practices that respect privacy while ensuring accountability.

Development of Kokami Learning Media to Improve Students' Ability to Think Creatively and Innovatively in PAI Learning Class VII SMP Negeri 6 Singosari, Malang Regency

This research addresses the limited development of interactive learning media aimed at enhancing students’creative and innovative thinking skills in Islamic Religious Education (PAI), despite its proven impact on motivation and learning outcomes. The study focuses on the development, validation, attractiveness, and effectiveness of Kokami learning media for Grade VII students at SMP Negeri 6 Singosari, Malang Regency. Utilizing a Research and Development (R&D) approach based on the Borg and Gall model as modified by Sugiyono, the research involved small (n=10) and medium (n=30) student groups. Data collection instruments included expert validation sheets, student response questionnaires, pretests, posttests, and interviews. Analysis employed descriptive statistics, the Likert and Guttman scales, and N-gain calculations. The development process followed nine steps, resulting in a validated media tool, with expert ratings exceeding 90% for both content and design. The media was rated highly attractive, receiving a 97.51% positive response from students. In terms of effectiveness, student learning outcomes improved from an average pretest score of 67.5 to a posttest score of 79.1, with an N-gain of 0.357, indicating moderate effectiveness. The study concludes that the Kokami media development process, particularly its six key stages plays a significant role in promoting creative and innovative thinking in PAI learning. The findings contribute theoretically to game-based learning media design and offer practical recommendations for educators to integrate interactive tools into religious education. Future research is encouraged to expand the sample size and further investigate the media’s impact on student interest and achievement across diverse contexts.

Pain and sleep difficulties in young children with cerebral palsy does not vary by gross motor function, parent demographics, or parent expectations for rehabilitation therapy.

Pain and sleep difficulties in young children with cerebral palsy does not vary by gross motor function, parent demographics, or parent expectations for rehabilitation therapy.

The Relationship between Religiosity and Peer Social Support with Student Courtesy Behavior

This study addresses growing concerns over declining moral standards among university students in the context of globalization and rapid technological advancement, with a particular focus on examining the influence of religiosity and peer social support on polite behavior among students at UIN Malang. Utilizing a correlational quantitative research design, data were collected from 271 respondents selected through the Cochran sampling technique. Structured questionnaires served as the primary data collection instrument, and the responses were analyzed using multiple linear regression. The findings indicate a statistically significant joint influence of religiosity and peer social support on polite behavior, as evidenced by an F-test significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, and a combined explanatory power of 54.4%. Notably, peer social support exerted a stronger effect (β = 1.050) on students’ courteous behavior compared to religiosity (β = 0.155), highlighting the prominent role of social interactions in shaping moral conduct. These results underscore the importance of fostering a supportive peer environment as a key strategy for promoting ethical behavior among university students, alongside ongoing efforts to reinforce religious values. The study contributes to the understanding of behavioral development in higher education and suggests actionable insights for student affairs practitioners and educators aiming to enhance moral character in academic settings.

ROLE OF SCHOOL LIBRARY IN PROMOTING READING CULTURE AMONG STUDENTS IN GOVERNMENT COLLEGE BIDA, NIGER STATE

The study assessed the Role of School Library in Promoting Reading Culture among Students in Government College Bida, Niger State, Nigeria. The study was guided by four research objectives, four research questions. Survey research design was adopted for the study. The population for the study was one thousand, five hundred and fifty (1,550) students of government college Bida, Niger state as at 2023/2024 academic session. A sample size of one hundred and fifty-five (155) respondents (students) was adopted based on Babbie (2005). Questionnaire were used as the instruments for data collection; 155 copies of the questionnaire were distributed, out of which one hundred and forty-four (144) were filled, returned and used for the analysis. The analysis was presented using statistical tools such as frequency counts and percentages, mean and standard deviation. The study revealed, among others that the level of reading culture among Government college students is to a low level with total mean score of 2.49, types of library information resources in the study area includes; textbook, novel, dictionaries, map, poetry etc., the extent of school library utilisation is low. The major factors identified as affecting school library in promoting reading culture among students in Government College, Bida were lack of awareness of the importance of library and its resources, enabling IT infrastructure, insufficient library resources, insufficient internet terminals, unavailability of audio-visual materials. The study, therefore, recommended, among others, Students in Government College Bida, Niger State should improve in their reading culture for pleasure, mind shaping, obtaining of the right information and use of school library every day, Niger State Government should provide more information resources such as Novels (fictions), Atlases and maps, Newspapers/Magazine, Poetry and Audio-visuals. Students in Government College Bida, Niger State should improve in the use of school library.

Violent media games contents as correlates of aggressive behavior among in-school adolescents

The study focused on ascertaining the extent violent media games’ contents relate to aggressive behavior among in-school adolescents. Two specific purposes, and two research questions guided the study. Two hypotheses were tested. The study adopted correlational research design. The population of the study was 30,839 students from 128 public secondary schools which consists of 15, 676 males and 15,163 female students. The sample of the study was 395 students. Multi stage sampling procedure was adopted for the study. The instruments for data collection were structured questionnaire titled: (1) Violent Media Games Content, and (2) Aggressive Behavior Questionnaire. The instruments were face validated by one specialist in measurement and evaluation and two specialists in Guidance and Counselling, all from Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki. The reliability of the instruments were established using Cronbach Alpha, and yielded a coefficient value of 0.856. 359 copies of the instruments were distributed to the respondents with the help of three research assistants. All the copies were returned. The research questions were answered using Pearson Product Moment Correlation Coefficient (PPMCC). The PPMCC was used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. It was revealed that low level positive relationship exist between violent media games’ content and aggressive behavior among in-school adolescents and there was a statistical significant relationship between violent media Games’ content and Aggressive behavior based on gender. It was recommended, among other things, that school authorities should organize workshops for in-school adolescents in order to educate male and female students on the danger of watching violent media games, while the government should regulate the kinds of media games imported into the country.

Industrial relations management practice in manufacturing firms’ performance in South South Nigeria

This study investigated industrial relations management practice and manufacturing firms’ performance in South South Nigeria. Specifically, the study evaluated the effect of Employer, employee relations, Labour relations, group relations, and public relations on Manufacturing Firms Performance in South South Nigeria. To achieve the objectives of the study, four research questions were raised and four hypotheses were formulated. Related literature was reviewed in respect to the subject matter. The study adopted a descriptive survey design with a population of 385 employees from four selected manufacturing firms in South South Nigeria. The sample size was 191 which was derived from the total population. Questionnaire was used as instrument for data collection. The collected data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The research questions were answered using simple percentage and mean. The hypotheses were tested using multiple regressions in SPSS 25 at a significant level of 0.05. The findings of the study revealed as follows: there are significant relationships between employer, employee relations; Labour relations; Group relations and public relations on manufacturing firms’ performance. It was concluded that Industrial Relation Management Practice ensures employees happiness, productivity, enhance employee recognition, policy development and interpretation. Increase employee morale, motivation and establish work environment that cultivates positive attitude in the employees. It ensures employees are paid for their work and employers receive qualitative work. It helps management to make proper decisions and act as determinant of production and labour costs. It was recommended among others that manufacturing firms should maintain the practices of employer, employee relations to ensure employees happiness, productivity, and establish work environment that cultivates positive attitude in the employees.

Pengaruh Model Problem Based Learning Terhadap Literasi Sains Siswa dalam Pembelajaran IPAS Kelas V SDN 26 Cakranegara

This study aims to determine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model on students' science literacy in IPAS learning for fifth-grade students at SDN 26 Cakranegara. This research is a quantitative study with a Quasi-Experimental design in the form of a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The population in this study consists of all fifth-grade students at SDN 26 Cakranegara, comprising three classes: V-A, V-B, and V-C. The research sample consisted of classes V-A and V-B, selected using a random sampling method. Data collection methods included observation and testing. Observation was used to obtain data on the implementation of learning conducted by teachers using the PBL model, while tests were used to collect data on students’ science literacy skills. The data collection instruments were observation sheets for the implementation of PBL and science literacy test sheets. Data analysis techniques used the independent sample t-test. The results of this study indicate that the use of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model has an effect on the science literacy skills of fifth-grade students in IPAS learning, based on the hypothesis test results which showed a significance value of 0.000, which is less than 0.05. This means that Ho is rejected and Ha is accepted, so it can be concluded that there is an effect of the Problem Based Learning model on students' science literacy in IPAS learning for fifth-grade students at SDN 26 Cakranegara.

The Study of College Students Subjective Well-Being Experiencing Online Learning: Examining the Role of Emotional Regulation and Social Support

This study uses a quantitative approach that aims to examine the role of emotional regulation and social support on the subjective well-being of students experiencing online learning as the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. The research subjects were obtained through purposive sampling and amounted to 271 college students in Indonesia, consisting of 87 men and 184 women. The data collection instruments used in this study were the emotional regulation scale, the social support scale, and the subjective well-being scale of students. The results of the multiple regression analysis test proved that emotional regulation and social support played a significant role (p = 0.00) in the subjective well-being of students (R = 0.679). The results showed that the higher the emotional regulation and social support contribute to the higher level of student’s subjective well-being. In this study, it was found that the emotional regulation giving effective contribution of 28,6% and social support contributing 17,5% to the college students subjective well-being.

Dietary patterns and their impact on public health: A case study of Multan, Pakistan

The health field concept states that lifestyle is the most significant element influencing health. The complex process of ageing is influenced by a variety of factors that determine whether a person may develop age-related chronic diseases in their later years. These variables encompass various behavioural, environmental, and dietary factors. A healthy diet is crucial for maintaining overall well-being. One of the primary objectives of this research was to assess people’s understanding of dietary patterns. “Nutritional pattern and its impacts upon the health of citizens” was the focus of the current quantitative investigation. The current study was conducted in the city of Multan, Pakistan. The study also examines the connection between fast food and its effects on citizens’ health. The sample size consisted of 200 respondents, who were selected using basic random sampling techniques. A questionnaire was employed as a data collection instrument. As a result, statistical methods were used to gather, analyse, and interpret the data. The purpose of the current study was to investigate attitudes, practices, and knowledge related to dietary patterns. The main conclusion is that while fast food has adverse health effects, most respondents believe that healthy eating is a key factor in achieving longevity. Some respondents said that overeating was the cause of their illnesses. Many people believe that a balanced diet is an easy way to maintain good health, while it also plays a vital role in the better health of pregnant and lactating women. The study recommended that consumers avoid fast food and overeating and instead follow a balanced diet.

Graduate Approaches to Psychological Resilience in Sports: A Systematic Mapping of Theses between 2020-2025

This study aims to systematically examine postgraduate theses prepared in Turkey between 2020 and 2025 on the theme of psychological resilience in sports, revealing current trends and the scope of academic output in the field. Conducted within the framework of a systematic review, the research identified 31 postgraduate theses through a comprehensive search of the National Thesis Center of the Council of Higher Education (YÖK Tez) database, which were then subjected to content analysis. The selected theses were categorized in detail based on study type, publication year, sample group, sample size, research method, data collection tools, and main findings. The findings indicate a growing interest in the concept of psychological resilience during the specified period, with the majority of theses conducted at the master’s level, predominantly within the field of sports sciences. Most studies employed quantitative methods, especially descriptive survey models. University athlete students constituted the main sample group, although elite athletes, female athletes, and Paralympic individuals were also included. The most frequently used data collection instruments were the CD-RISC, Psychological Resilience Scale, and the Adapted Resilience Scale for Athletes. Psychological resilience was often examined in relation to variables such as academic achievement, coping with stress, self-awareness, leadership, self-confidence, and social support. The study concludes that while the concept of psychological resilience in sports is gaining importance, there remains a need for more qualitative research and studies with greater theoretical depth. The findings offer evidence-based insights for researchers and practitioners and highlight current gaps in the literature.

The Influence of Seller Responsiveness, Price, and Payment Features Cash On Delivery -Check First on Purchase Decisions on the Shopee Application

The transformation of people's shopping behavior is greatly influenced by the rapid development of digital technology and the COVID-19 pandemic situation. The shift in shopping patterns from traditional (offline) methods to bold methods is becoming increasingly apparent. Shopee is a popular bold shopping platform in Indonesia. This study aims to determine the effect of Seller Response, Price, and COD Payment Features–Check first on Purchase Decisions on Shopee. This study uses a quantitative method with an associative approach to analyze the relationship between variables. Sample selection was carried out purposively based on certain criteria. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire distributed via Google Form, and the data analysis process was carried out with the help of SPSS software. The results of the analysis show that the combination of Seller Responsiveness, Price, and COD Payment Features–Check first can influence purchase decisions on Shopee for students of UIN Sayyid Ali Rahmatullah Tulungagung. Individually, each of these variables also has a significant and good impact. The coefficient of determination test shows that the third factor has an influence of 53.8% on purchasing decisions.

The Influence of Product Quality, Service Quality and Price on Consumer Repurchase Interest of Sepinggan Food Stall in Pontianak City

Food is an irreplaceable basic need for humans, and is now also part of a lifestyle and a symbol of social status. This development has driven the growth of the culinary industry, including in Pontianak City, which is marked by the increasing number of restaurants. Increasing competition requires business actors such as sepinggan food house to maintain product quality, service, and pricing strategies in order to maintain consumer repurchase interest. This study aims to analyze the effect of product quality, service quality, and price on consumer repurchase interest at sepinggan food house. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The type of research used is associative causal, with a purposive sampling technique. The number of samples was 100 respondents who had made purchases at least twice. The data collection instrument was a questionnaire, and the data was analyzed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that product quality had a significant effect on repurchase interest (Sig. = 0.002) with a positive correlation (r = 0.711). Price also had a positive and significant effect (coefficient = 0.406; Sig. = 0.000). However, service quality does not have a significant effect (Sig. = 0.114). In conclusion, product quality and price are important factors that influence consumer decisions to make repeat purchases at sepinggan food house, while service quality does not have a significant effect.

Rethinking Informality in Service Delivery: The Case of Water Supply in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania

This paper presents the essence of informality in municipal services delivery, using the case of water supply in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. Over the past three decades most cities of the world experienced an unprecedented under-performance of municipal services, a situation that prompted global institutional reforms for the purpose of rescuing the situation. The reforms led to inter alia increased participation of private and community-based actors, along with the conventional public actors. Although private actors were legally included in the institutional frameworks for service provision, many still operated outside the formal system of service provision, especially in developing countries. Many studies have indicated the undeniable role of private service providers in covering the gap of services delivery left by the public system, albeit they also indicated that most of these providers operated informally. Despite much documentation on informality of services delivery, the main factor discussed has been the failure of the public system to provide the services, with a limited focus on institutional factors. This gap may lead to less informed attempts in addressing informality, particularly in municipal services delivery. The objective of this paper therefore is to discuss how institutional factors contribute to the informality in this important and cross-cutting sector. The paper applies qualitative case study approach, and uses the case of water supply in a selected private scheme to explain the research phenomenon. The instruments of data collection included key informant interviews, focus group discussions, household interviews and document analysis. Adding to the existing body of knowledge, this paper points out that informality in municipal services delivery is also related to accountability voids, legitimacy and legality dilemma, and bureaucracies as an exclusion factor. In addressing the identified issues, the paper recommends improved enforcement of rules, and establishing one stop service for registration of aspiring service providers.

THE IMPACT OF VIOLENT SOCIAL MEDIA CONTENT ON STUDENTS' SOCIAL ANXIETY

The increasing use of social media and the ease of access to information have made social anxiety among university students an issue that requires special attention. This study aims to reveal the impact of violent content on social media on the level of social anxiety among students of the Social Studies Education Program at IPI Garut. The research employed a survey method with a correlational quantitative approach, allowing the measurement of the strength of the relationships between the studied variables. Data were collected through an online questionnaire distributed via the Google Forms platform. A total of 108 active students participated as respondents in this study. The respondents were selected using a proportional stratified random sampling technique. The main instrument for data collection was a questionnaire distributed online to the students. The analysis results showed a significant relationship between the consumption of violent content on social media and students' social anxiety. It was found that there was a strong correlation for the indicator of hate speech and toxic text content at 0.635, a strong correlation for exposure to violent images/graphics at 0.760, a strong correlation for algorithmic reinforcement of violent content at 0.699, and a moderate correlation for real-world violent content at 0.593 Keywords: Social media, violent content, social anxiety.