How could one forge a creative dialogue between texts and the physical spaces that they document, imagine or reinvent? This article explores the idea of intersemiotic translation from a work of literature to architecture through a selection of student works produced in an undergraduate elective (Building Texts) offered online in 2020 in the Department of Architecture and Design at the American University of Beirut (AUB). In the course, students were given the task of ‘building’ the Turkish novelist Ahmet Hamdi Tanpınar’s internationally acclaimed novel, The Time Regulation Institute (1961) in the form of visual representation. The purpose was not to illustrate the content but trigger an intermedial exchange: Tanpınar’s novel gives a detailed account a fictional modern institute, which serves no purpose other than synchronizing every clock in the country and fine those whose watches are running slow. But the complexity and eclectic character of the architecture, as well as the absurdity of its supposed function, compelled students to go beyond straightforward solutions and minimized the likelihood of ‘translating’ the content into familiar shapes and forms. By introducing one final project in more detail that explores translation as a central theme, the article discusses how such interactions between architecture and literature could be mobilized as an imaginative pedagogical tool. As the project illustrates, students have not only connected textual spaces to the ‘actual spaces’ informing the novel’s narrative structure but also critically resituated these spatial discourses within the mutually dependent social, political and cultural contexts in which they were imagined.

Ideological polarization is often theorized to erode trust in science and healthcare, thereby reducing compliance with health guidelines and vaccine uptake. In this study, we examined the longitudinal relationships between perceived ideological polarization, trust in science and healthcare, and COVID-19 vaccination intention, using a four-wave panel design. We analysed four waves of panel data from a sample of 488 Slovenians, representative by gender, age, and education. Pearson correlations and a random intercept cross-lagged panel model (RI-CLPM) were used to assess both within- and between-person associations, and to test whether trust in science and healthcare mediated the relationship between perceived ideological polarization and vaccination intention over time. Baseline correlations showed a positive association between perceived ideological polarization, trust, and vaccination intention, though these associations weakened and became non-significant in later waves. RI-CLPM results revealed no evidence of causal, within-person effects of perceived ideological polarization on later trust or vaccination intention, and no longitudinal mediation pathways. However, between-person effects indicated that individuals with consistently higher trust in science and healthcare reported higher vaccination intentions across time. These findings challenge the assumption that ideological polarization undermines trust and vaccination intention, suggesting that cross-sectional associations observed in prior research may reflect stable between-person differences rather than dynamic causal processes. By distinguishing cross-sectional from longitudinal evidence, this study underscores institutional trust as the key predictor of vaccination intention and calls for comparative research across political and cultural contexts.

A culturally integrated framework for mental health promotion: An integrative review and conceptual model for Iranian society.

Musculoskeletal conditions, such as osteoarthritis and low back pain, are among the leading causes of disability worldwide. Individuals often delay or avoid seeking healthcare due to personal, social, and systemic factors. Existing research on health-seeking behaviour is fragmented and lacks synthesis across diverse contexts and populations. This scoping review systematically maps the literature on health-seeking behaviour in adults with musculoskeletal conditions, highlighting knowledge gaps and generating insights for future research, clinical practice, and policy. A scoping review was conducted following the Joanna Briggs Institute methodology. Six electronic databases and relevant grey literature sources were systematically searched. Eligible studies focusing on adults with musculoskeletal conditions were screened and analysed using narrative synthesis. Findings were organised into thematic tables and illustrated through a conceptual framework. Twenty-three studies published between 2004 and 2025 were included, representing a diverse range of geographic and socioeconomic contexts. Five key themes were identified: Clinical and Functional Need; Socioeconomic and Environmental Context; Cultural and Social Context; Healthcare System and Provider Experiences; and Use of Alternative and Digital Care Options. This review identifies five key themes connecting clinical, socioeconomic, cultural, and systemic factors in adults with musculoskeletal conditions. Highlighting patient agency, it informs research, policy, and practice aimed at delivering more equitable and responsive musculoskeletal care.

Family support and teacher support in Vietnamese math education: Gendered pathways through math anxiety to math achievement based on PISA 2022.

Visual generation models have achieved remarkable progress in computer graphics applications but still face significant challenges in real-world deployment. Current assessment approaches for visual generation tasks typically follow an isolated three-phase framework: test input collection, model output generation, and user assessment. These fashions suffer from fixed coverage, evolving difficulty, and data leakage risks, limiting their effectiveness in comprehensively evaluating increasingly complex generation models. To address these limitations, we propose DyEval, an LLM-powered dynamic interactive visual assessment framework that facilitates collaborative evaluation between humans and generative models for text-to-image systems. DyEval features an intuitive visual interface that enables users to interactively explore and analyze model behaviors, while adaptively generating hierarchical, fine-grained, and diverse textual inputs to continuously probe the capability boundaries of the models based on their feedback. Additionally, to provide interpretable analysis for users to further improve tested models, we develop a contextual reflection module that mines failure triggers of test inputs and reflects model potential failure patterns, supporting in-depth analysis using the logical reasoning ability of LLM. Qualitative and quantitative experiments demonstrate that DyEval can effectively help users identify max up to 2.56 timesmore generation failures than conventional methods, and uncover complex and rare failure patterns, such as issues with pronoun generation and specific cultural context generation. Our framework provides valuable insights for improving generative models and has broad implications for advancing the reliability and capabilities of visual generation systems across various domains.

Dreams of the deceased: A scoping and mixed-methods systematic review.

This article examines the epistemological boundaries created by the absolutization of scientific positivism in modern education systems from both the Islamic intellectual tradition and a universal education perspective. According to the 2024-2025 UNESCO reports, only 18% of Sustainable Development Goal 4 (SDG 4) is on track to be achieved, and the global education system is facing a profound learning crisis. This crisis stems not only from access and resource problems but also from the neglect of the meaning and purpose dimensions of education. The study demonstrates how scientism constrains universal education systems through the concepts of "shroud of thought" and "epistemological matrix," and proposes a concrete pedagogical approach within the framework of the A+B (Wisdom) formulation that combines scientific data (A) with metaphysical meaning (B). The Tawhidic Epistemology Congress organized at IIUM in 2025, the Maarif Model implemented in Turkey in 2024-2025, the holistic approach in UNESCO's 2030 Education Agenda, and OECD's calls for value-based education are initiatives from different cultural contexts that point to a common problem: the necessity of addressing not only the cognitive and economic but also the spiritual, ethical, and existential dimensions of education. Methodologically, the study employs qualitative conceptual analysis and meta-synthesis methods; selected sources have undergone systematic filtering and thematic analysis.

User-generated content and electronic word-of-mouth (eWOM) have become crucial sources of information for tourists over the past two decades. At the same time, tour operators and agencies are increasingly attentive to travelers’ opinions, reflecting shifting expectations and preferences in destination choice. This paper analyzes TripAdvisor reviews of Samarkand’s (Uzbekistan) main attractions, with the objective of identifying differences in ratings by attraction, travel type, and travelers’ region of origin. In addition, it explores the dominant themes, emotions, and issues reflected in visitors’ comments after visiting Samarkand, offering insight into perceived destination attributes. Using Maxqda and Leximancer software, 400 reviews of the eight most visited attractions in Samarkand were systematically analyzed through quantitative and qualitative content analysis. Results show that reviews are overwhelmingly positive, with only slight variations between attractions and regions of origin of travelers. Negative expressions were rare, while strong positive emotions and symbolic associations predominated accross narratives. The findings illustrate how eWOM reinforces the city’s reputation as a world-class heritage destination and highlights the symbolic role of online reviews in shaping cultural tourism perceptions. Furthermore, positive eWOM enhances Samarkand’s global competitiveness by strengthening its visibility, credibility, and appeal among potential visitors. Content analysis also reveals that travelers’ experiences are largely consistent across attractions, travel types, and regions of origin. These insights provide local authorities and tourism stakeholders with empirical evidence to strengthen Samarkand’s identity and attractiveness, supporting more effective and sustainable heritage tourism promotion strategies, and destination management policies in emerging cultural tourism contexts.

Macau’s intangible cultural heritage (ICH) exemplifies a unique Sino-Western cultural fusion, wherein the interplay of Eastern and Western traditions complicates conventional analysis of heritage complexity and resilience. To address this challenge, we introduce FusionNet, a multimodal AI framework integrating image-based classification, an attention mechanism, identity embedding, and knowledge graph modeling for context-aware analysis of ICH. FusionNet combines image-based deep learning with an attention mechanism to focus on salient visual features in heritage imagery. This integrated architecture enables a holistic understanding of heritage elements and their adaptability to changing cultural contexts. Applied to Macau’s ICH, FusionNet reveals patterns of cultural resilience, illustrating how traditional practices persist and evolve amid centuries of EastWest influences. Our findings demonstrate the efficacy of fusing visual and knowledge-based modalities for heritage analysis, offering a robust approach for studying and preserving intangible cultural heritage in complex cultural environments. To elucidate how Macau’s intangible cultural heritage (ICH) exhibits “cultural resilience” and the mechanisms of identity (re)construction amid Sino‑Portuguese cultural interweaving; and to propose a computable multimodal framework (FusionNet + cultural‑identity embeddings + knowledge graph) that quantifies and validates these mechanisms. Materials include digital archives and historical texts (e.g., Macau Memory), social‑media text (Weibo plus ~1,000 English TripAdvisor/blog reviews), open heritage images, and structured knowledge bases (China ICH database). Methods comprise an attention‑based image classifier (FusionNet), LDA topic modeling (5‑fold cross‑validation selecting k = 3; mean coherence ≈ 0.59, compared with BERTopic), bilingual sentiment analysis, knowledge‑graph embedding and link prediction (evaluated with MRR, Hits@10), and t‑SNE visualization with clustering (three clusters; average silhouette ≈ 0.47). All implementations are in Python. LDA reveals three stable themes: (A) Chinese traditions (~45%), (B) Lusophone heritage (~30%), and (C) hybrid/local identity (~25%; e.g., Patuá and Macanese cuisine). Sentiment analysis indicates >70% positive evaluations, with ~12–15% negative. On the image side, most categories achieve diagonal accuracy >0.80, with some true‑positive rates reaching 0.95–1.00; Sino‑Portuguese architecture shows interpretable confusion. Knowledge‑graph embeddings and t‑SNE place the “hybrid/local identity” between the Chinese and Portuguese clusters, acting as a bridge (silhouette ≈ 0.47). Overall, multimodal fusion is more robust than multiple baselines on recognition and semantic association tasks, revealing a resilience pathway in which Macau ICH preserves core practices while continually absorbing exogenous elements. The proposed multimodal, knowledge‑driven framework effectively quantifies and explains identity (re)construction and cultural resilience in Macau’s ICH within a Sino‑Portuguese milieu; the “hybrid/local identity” is the key bridging mechanism. Future work can expand cross‑platform data, enhance cross‑modal alignment and knowledge reasoning, and generalize the approach to other multicultural contexts to strengthen external validity.

BACKGROUND Imposter phenomenon (IP) is characterized by persistent self-doubt and fear of being exposed as a fraud despite evident success. It is increasingly recognized among university students and has been linked to anxiety, depression, and burnout. Resilience, defined as the capacity to adapt positively under stress, may buffer against IP, yet this relationship remains understudied in the Lebanese cultural context. AIM To examine imposter phenomenon prevalence, its association with resilience, and related sociodemographic and academic factors in Lebanese university students. METHODS A cross-sectional, web-based survey was conducted on June 22-26, 2023 among 630 students recruited through convenience and snowball sampling. The Young Imposter Scale and the 10-item Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale were used to assess IP and resilience. Non-parametric tests (Mann-Whitney U , Kruskal-Wallis, χ 2) compared groups, and effect sizes (r , η 2) were calculated. RESULTS Overall, 42.5% of participants exhibited IP. IP was significantly more prevalent among females (47.3% vs 33.3%, P < 0.001), those feeling overwhelmed, and students with worsened academic performance. In contrast, students satisfied with their major, supported by peers or family, or practicing coping strategies exhibited lower IP rates and higher resilience scores. Mean resilience was 25.5 ± 6.8 and was significantly higher among males and those employed, satisfied, or supported. IP was inversely associated with resilience (P < 0.001), indicating that greater resilience correlates with reduced imposter feelings. CONCLUSION Nearly half of Lebanese university students experienced impostor phenomenon; enhancing resilience and supportive academic environments may reduce impostor feelings, improve mental health, and guide culturally sensitive longitudinal interventions.

ABSTRACT In early childhood education (ECE), the primary focus of AI-related learning concerns teacher candidates’ professional AI literacy. This qualitative case study examines how preservice ECE teacher candidates engaged with generative AI (GenAI) tools while designing culturally responsive lesson plans. Drawing on the Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) framework as an analytic lens, the study involved 50 teacher candidates at two U.S. universities participating in an AI-integrated curriculum with a focal sample of five participants selected for in-depth analysis. Data from lesson plans, reflective journals, interviews, and online discussions show that teacher candidates approached AI tools with interest but often struggled to align AI-generated content with students’ cultural contexts, identify and address issues of bias or misrepresentation, and make pedagogically appropriate adaptations without targeted guidance. These findings illustrate how preservice teachers develop AI literacy through iterative processes of evaluation, reflection, and adaptation of AI-generated materials, highlighting both the opportunities and challenges that GenAI introduces for culturally responsive lesson design in ECE.

This paper delves into the nuances of political administration within the Indic tradition, specifically examining the Janapada, or ancient city-states, to shed light on the essence of statecraft in India. It challenges the overwhelmingly limited engagement with Western political theory when applied to Indian contexts, echoing Bhikhu Parekh’s argument that contemporary non-Western societies have not successfully generated original political theory of their own. The analysis of Indian political thought presents a compelling case for embracing indigenous perspectives that intertwine ethical and spiritual dimensions, as illustrated by influential thinkers such as Kautilya and modern figures like Mahatma Gandhi. The paper outlines the evolution of statehood in ancient India, offering significant insights into governance and underscoring the critical role of cultural context in shaping political discourse. Ultimately, this study advocates for a transformative re-evaluation of Indian political theory that transcends the limitations of Western paradigms, aiming to uncover frameworks that resonate with India's unique socio-political realities.

Museums, archives, and cultural institutions are experiencing a profound transformation, shifting from repositories of exclusive knowledge to interactive and inclusive environments that foster lifelong learning and cultural participation. Building on the historical evolution of collections—from ancient archives and Renaissance Wunderkammern to modern public museums—this paper explores how extended reality (XR), AI-driven avatars, and digital storytelling are reshaping the visitor experience. We analyze how immersive projections, conversational agents, and hybrid “phygital” installations developed by e-REAL Labs have enhanced accessibility, engagement, and preservation across projects in Italy, Switzerland, France, and beyond. These solutions demonstrate how static exhibitions can be converted into dynamic experiences where visitors actively co-construct meaning. Drawing on recent design research, we highlight the importance of cognitive ergonomics, memory, and attention management in XR environments, ensuring that technology supports rather than overwhelms perception. The integration of calm and slow technologies provides balance, making digital tools discreet companions to narrative and curatorial intent. Similarly, modular and adaptive design principles allow installations to fit within diverse architectural and cultural contexts without fragmenting visitor experience. Particular focus is placed on the educational dimension of interactive museums., where extended reality (XR) and artificial intelligence (AI) extend learning beyond traditional didactics, This approach engages visitors through multisensory experiences that blend physical artifacts with virtual reconstructions. Multilingual avatars and inclusive design guidelines support accessibility for diverse audiences, including individuals with disabilities and marginalized communities. Ultimately, this paper positions interactive museum experiences as a new paradigm of cultural engagement, where digital transformation does not replace authenticity but enhances it. By merging historical preservation with generative AI and immersive storytelling, museums can transcend physical and cognitive barriers, offering equitable access to cultural heritage and fostering dialogue across generations and cultures.

Sickle cell disease (SCD) is an autosomal recessive hemoglobinopathy affecting millions of individuals worldwide. The clinical expression and psychosocial burden of SCD vary widely across geographical, cultural, and healthcare system contexts, underscoring the need for setting-specific approaches to assessment. Understanding how patients perceive the impact of SCD on their health, daily functioning, and treatment experiences within their own context is essential to identifying unmet needs, addressing barriers to care, challenging misconceptions, and improving health-related quality of life (HRQoL). This cross-sectional study assessed HRQoL in children, adolescents, and young adults (AYAs) with SCD in Italy, and evaluated the impact of sociodemographic, clinical, and hematological variables, exploring discrepancies between patient and caregiver perceptions. Fifty-three patients aged 6-26years and 62 caregivers of patients were enrolled. Half of patients showed moderate HRQoL compromise in at least three domains (pain interference and intensity, fatigue), with two-thirds experiencing recent pain. AYAs demonstrated significantly worse outcomes than children in pain interference (p = 0.0001), pain intensity (p = 0.0039), depression (p = 0.0273), and fatigue (p = 0.0298). Caregiver-patient agreement was consistently low, particularly among adolescents. Young adults reported inadequate emotional support despite moderate instrumental support, with all expressing a need for psychological assistance. This first assessment of HRQoL in Italian youths with SCD identifies adolescence as a critical vulnerability period with worsening outcomes and unrecognized emotional needs. Significant patient-caregiver perception discrepancies highlight unmet needs. Findings underscore the need to integrate HRQoL measures into routine care and develop targeted interventions for adolescents, including enhanced psychological support and structured transition programs.

Academic burnout is a critical issue in nursing education. Empathy and emotion regulation (ER) are potential protective factors, but their interplay is poorly understood in Middle Eastern contexts. The aim was to examine the relationships between academic burnout, empathy, and ER among nursing students in the Middle East, testing ER as a mediator and moderator. A cross-sectional survey of 1562 nursing students from 6 Middle Eastern countries was conducted. Higher empathy predicted lower academic fatigue (β = -.152) and disengagement (β = -.180) and higher perceived academic performance (β =.207). ER mediated the effects of empathy on disengagement and performance and significantly moderated the empathy-fatigue relationship. Empathy protects against burnout, but its efficacy depends on ER skills and cultural context. Integrating ER training into nursing curricula is essential to cultivate student resilience and sustainable practice.

Flow is an affective and cognitive psychological state characterized by complete absorption, intrinsic enjoyment and enhanced performance. Although flow experience in educational contexts-often termed learning flow-has attracted considerable research attention, empirical findings remain fragmented across studies and theoretical perspectives. This meta-analysis aimed to synthesize existing empirical evidence and systematically examine the antecedents and outcomes of learning flow in academic contexts. Drawing on flow theory and integrating motivational and affective frameworks, the study sought to clarify the nomological network surrounding learning flow. A meta-analysis was conducted based on 108 independent studies comprising a total sample of 42,952 participants. Effect sizes were synthesized to examine associations between learning flow and four conceptual domains: (a) learning task and learning environment characteristics, (b) individual characteristics, (c) individual attitudes and behaviours and (d) interpersonal exchange characteristics. Moderator analyses were performed to assess the potential influence of cultural context and flow measurement approaches. The results indicated that learning flow was positively associated with optimal learning tasks, supportive learning environments, adaptive learner characteristics and high-quality interpersonal interactions. Furthermore, learning flow demonstrated positive associations with key educational outcomes, including academic performance, learning attitudes and psychological well-being. Moderator analyses showed that neither cultural context nor measurement approaches significantly influenced the observed effect sizes. The findings suggest that learning flow emerges from the dynamic interplay of individual, interpersonal and contextual factors within educational environments. Given that most primary studies relied on correlational designs, the results delineate a comprehensive nomological network rather than establishing causal relationships. Overall, the meta-analysis highlights the importance of adopting multilevel perspectives when studying learning flow in educational settings. Future research should further investigate causal mechanisms and longitudinal dynamics to better understand how learning flow develops and influences academic outcomes.

Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and Gaming Disorder (GD) have emerged as significant public health concerns, with studies highlighting their association with substance use. Research on IGD/GD faces challenges due to heterogeneous definitions and measurement tools. While the introduction of DSM-5 and ICD-11 criteria for these behaviors improved research consistency, substance use patterns in individuals with IGD/GD, when defined strictly by these criteria, remain unexplored. Importantly, acomprehensive review of substance use patterns among individuals with IGD/GD based on DSM-5 and ICD-11 criteria has never been conducted. This scoping review aims to map existing literature on substance use in individuals with IGD/GD, focusing on patterns, underlying mechanisms, and moderating factors influencing this relationship. The review adhered to the JBI manual for scoping reviews and PRISMA-ScR standards. A literature search was conducted in August 2025, inseven bibliographic databases, supplemented by citation tracking strategies. Inclusion criteria encompassed empirical studies published post-2013, using scales published after 2013, based on DSM-5/ICD-11 criteria for IGD/GD, and focusing on substance use. A total of 36 studies out of 5,561identified, predominantly cross-sectional, were included. Findings indicated a high co-occurrence of IGD/GD and substance use, particularly among adolescents and young adults. Shared risk factors such as impulsivity, sensation-seeking, and maladaptive coping strategies were identified. Alcohol, tobacco, stimulants, and cannabis emerged as the most commonly used substances, with variations across cultural contexts. Limited longitudinal data underscored the need for research on the progression and interaction of IGD/GD and substance use over time. The findings revealed that individuals with IGD/GD frequently engage in substance use, including alcohol, tobacco, cannabis, and stimulants such as amphetamines. This review highlights critical mechanisms linking IGD/GD and substance use, emphasizing the role of behavioral reinforcement and emotional dysregulation. Future research should focus on longitudinal designs and protective factors to inform tailored prevention and intervention strategies. Systematic screening for substance use is warranted among individuals with IGD/GD.

Laser cleaning is a precise, 'touch-free' technique that uses focused laser radiation to remove contaminants from surfaces. It has become increasingly popular in a cultural heritage context due to its ability to target contaminants with minimal damage to underlying materials, particularly where traditional mechanical or chemical cleaning may pose risks to delicate surfaces. However, every cleaning intervention requires a degree of assessment and monitoring, and lasers are no different. This Technical Brief will provide an overview of the physical phenomena behind laser cleaning, give examples of successful cultural heritage applications and list the main pros and cons of the technique.

ABSTRACT The Caribbean Netherlands lacks specialized care facilities for young people with histories of neglect, abuse, and challenging behavior, leading some to be placed in secure residential youth care (RYC) in the European Netherlands. These transnational placements are far reaching due to geographic distance and their involuntary nature. This study explores the experiences of Dutch Caribbean young people and family members regarding such placements. We conducted retrospective interviews with eight young people and four family members, and analyzed data thematically. Young people described growing up in environments with unmet basic needs, abuse, neglect, and instability in the Caribbean Netherlands. While placements in the European Netherlands provided improved access to basic needs, education, employment, and leisure, young people faced challenges including adapting to the closed RYC setting, cultural dislocation, and geographical separation from family. Limited parental involvement hindered maintaining familial relations. Transnational placements are highly disruptive and should be a last resort. Strengthening family support and developing small-scale RYC in the Caribbean Netherlands could reduce their necessity. When unavoidable, placements should facilitate parental involvement and preserve parent – child relationships. To support the wellbeing and resilience of young people in transnational secure RYC, interventions must be tailored to cultural, familial, and structural contexts.