Corporate Governance Disclosure Research Articles

A Comparative Study of Private Sector Banks Listed In BSE with Reference to Corporate Governance

Corporate Governance is getting a focused attention particularly after market and public confidence become fragile after a series of high profile corporate failures in which the absence of effective governance was a major factor. Good Governance is becoming a source of competitive advantage among economies for attracting international capital. Responsibility, Transparency, Fairness and Accountability are the four vital pillars for strong Corporate Governance. Corporate Governance helps in establishing a system where a director is showered with duties and responsibilities of the affairs of the Company. This study presents Corporate Governance disclosure practices in two Indian Private Sector Banks listed in BSE Top 100 (HDFC Bank, ICICI Bank).

Does corporate governance influence environmental, social and governance disclosure practices of state‐owned enterprises? An international study

AbstractThis paper provides fresh insights into the impact of corporate governance mechanisms on environmental, social and governance (ESG) disclosure practices of state‐owned enterprises (SOEs). To accomplish this study's research objective, we collected ESG and corporate governance data from Refinitiv Eikon's database on a balanced sample of 253 SOEs from 37 worldwide countries over 5 years (2018–2022), obtaining a total of 1265 observations. A battery of fixed and random effects panel regression models has been estimated to test the impact of board characteristics, like board size, board independence, board gender diversity, number of board meetings, Chief Executive Officer (CEO) duality and the presence of a corporate social responsibility (CSR) committee, on overall and individual ESG disclosure scores of sampled SOEs. Results show that while board size and CEO duality negatively affect SOE ESG disclosure, board independence and gender diversity, as well as the number of board meetings and the existence of a CSR committee, exert a positive influence.

Corporate governance disclosure in a South African public pension fund

Corporate governance disclosure in a South African public pension fund

Imitation behavior in environmental, social, and governance disclosure: Textual analysis evidence from Chinese listed enterprises

AbstractThe era of sustainable transformation has witnessed an increase in corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) disclosure waves. Using Chinese A‐share listed companies from 2016 to 2021 as a sample, this study adopted textual analysis and machine‐learning techniques to analyze ESG reports and explore the imitation behavior of ESG disclosures in emerging Chinese markets for the first time. The results show imitation behavior exists in corporate ESG disclosures from the perspective of group association. Regarding the imitation object, enterprises tend to choose the peer average level as a reference rather than the best enterprise in the same industry, which reveals the inherent law that enterprises' ESG disclosures are satisfied with compliance rather than championship. In terms of effects, the ESG‐mimetic isomorphic pressure has no incremental information effect but has an efficiency optimization effect. Furthermore, the imitation intensity and impact effects of ESG disclosure behavior exhibit heterogeneity owing to differences in properties, sales growth rates, and external attention. This study expands the motivation for corporate ESG disclosure behavior and enriches the empirical evidence for institutional isomorphism.

The effect of Islamic Social Reporting and Return On Asset on Firm Value with disclosure of Good Corporate Governance as a Moderating

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh pelaporan sosial islam dan Return on asset terhadap nilai perusahaan dengan tata kelola perusahaan yang baik sebagai variabel moderasi pada perusahaan yang terdaftar di jakarta islamic index (JII) periode 2018 – 2020. Jenis penelitian ini adalah kuantitatif dengan menggunakan data regresi panel dan Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) sebagai analisis data. Data yang digunakan pada penelitian ini yaitu data sekunder yang bersumber dari laporan keuangan tahunan pada perusahaan yang tercatat di jakarta islamic index (JII)periode 2018 – 2020. Setelah memperoleh data dari Laporan Tahunan kemudian dianalisis menggunakan Software Eviews 12. Populasi pada penelitian ini yaitu seluruh perusahaan yang tercatat di jakarta islamic index (JII) periode 2018 – 2020. Untuk pengambilan sampel menggunakan metode purposive sampling dengan beberapa kriteria untuk mendapatkan sampel penelitian. Dan didapatkan 15 perusahaan untuk digunakan sebagai sampel penelitian. Hasil analisis data regresi menunjukkan bahwa pelaporan sosial islam dan tata kelola perusahaan yang baik tidak berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan. Namun , aset berpengaruh terhadap nilai perusahaan. Dan hasil analisis Moderated Regression Analysis terhadap menunjukkan bahwa good corporate governance mampu memoderasi hubungan ISR terhadap nilai perusahaan kearah positif. Dan hubungan tata kelola perusahaan yang baik mampu memoderasi ROA terhadap nilai perusahaan kearah negatif. Kata kunci : Islamic Social Reporting (ISR), Return on assets (ROA), Nilai Perusahaan, Good Coporate Governance (GCG)

Unveiling the Impacts of Corporate Environmental, Social, and Governance Disclosure

Amidst heightened scrutiny of corporate environmental, social, and governance (ESG) practices, this study employs threshold techniques combined with artificial neural networks to examine the impact of ESG disclosure on companies, emphasizing its pivotal role in promoting sustainability. Analyzing data from Taiwan’s 20 industries from 2012 to 2022, it finds that while ESG engagement positively influences financial performance, it also underscores the vital connection between corporate practices and sustainable development. This analysis explores the relationship between carbon emissions, operating expenses, and financial performance in the overall sample and a threshold sample based on a threshold variable. In the overall sample, carbon emissions significantly increase operating expenses, accompanied by other influential variables. Introducing a threshold value of firm size alters the dynamics, showing a positive and more pronounced impact in the threshold sample. The examination of financial performance metrics reveals significant positive associations with carbon emissions, particularly when the threshold is not met or exceeded. Intriguingly, subgroup analysis indicates a negative association between carbon emissions and financial performance within the larger-size subgroup, in stark contrast to a more pronounced positive relationship observed in the smaller-size subgroup. Furthermore, the developed ANN model exhibits robust learning capabilities, underscoring its efficacy in capturing complex patterns within the data. It suggests its potential as a reliable tool for accurately predicting carbon emissions across diverse scenarios, facilitating informed decision-making and policy formulation to mitigate environmental impact.

Company Value: The Role of Sustainability Report Disclosure, Good Corporate Governance Disclosure, and Environmental Performance

This study aims to analyze the effect of Sustainability Report disclosures, Good Corporate Governance disclosures, and environmental performance on firm value. The population of this study is all companies listed on the IDX in 2017-2020. The sample was selected using the purposive sampling method for 2017-2020. The analysis technique used to test the hypotheses proposed in this study is by using multiple linear regression analysis. The results of the study show that Disclosure of Sustainability Reports, Good Corporate Governance, and environmental performance have a significant positive effect on firm value. This research contributes to giving confidence to stakeholders in assessing the company.

Corporate Governance Disclosure in the Banking Sector of Bangladesh: Evidence from the Conventional Private Commercial Banks

Corporate governance is necessary for any organization to be accountable and responsible. This study looked into the relationship between CG mechanisms and CG disclosure levels using five listed conventional PCBs as a sample over a five-year period spanning 2016 to 2020. An unweighted disclosure checklist was utilized in this study to measure CG disclosure levels. To determine whether there is any significant relationship between the level of CG disclosure and CG mechanisms, multiple regression analysis has been done. Based on the empirical results, it can be concluded that there is a significant and insignificant association between CG mechanisms and the CG disclosure levels, but there is only a visible and significant difference in these areas between the sample banks. The results of the multiple regression analysis indicate that the log percentage of female directors does not significantly relate to the levels of CG disclosure. On the other hand, the extent of CG disclosure is significantly associated with other variables, including board members, percentage of audit committee members, and percentage of independent directors, log total assets, log total revenues, and log listing age.

Nexus between corporate governance disclosure and firm performance

The paper intended to evaluate the extent of corporate disclosure compliance and its effect on the financial performance of Bangladeshi pharmaceutical companies listed on the DSE during a twelve-year period, from 2007 to 2020. The study explored the affinity between the Corporate Governance Disclosure Index (CGDI) and firm financial performance employing econometric techniques, such as fixed effect and random effect models. The study calculated the disclosure scores as a percentage of a given firm's overall score to the probable score it could achieve. The CGDI of the sample companies showed a positive and substantial effect on company performance as an accounting measure ROA and an insignificant effect as a market measure Tobin’s Q. The study also revealed that sample firms followed the BSEC guidelines partially. These findings have implications for companies that fail to comply with the full disclosure principle, which holds that a company must disclose all material information in its financial statements in order to touch the reader's comprehension of those statements. In addition, these results imply that the code of CG requires a thorough examination to make essential modifications.

Corporate Governance and Financial Performance of Listed Firms in Nigeria

The objective of this study was to investigate the impact of corporate governance practices on the financial performance of listed companies in Nigeria. The study encompassed three industries: manufacturing, finance, and oil and gas, spanning the years 2010 to 2020. Employing a content analysis approach, data were collected from corporate websites and the Securities and Exchange Commission website. A total of 33 businesses were selected for the study. The study's analysis revealed that a majority of the corporations disclosed the majority of their corporate governance policies. Notably, the banking industry exhibited the highest level of corporate governance disclosure compared to other sectors. This implies that a company's decision to publish its corporate governance information online in Nigeria might be influenced by the regulatory environment of the sector. However, intriguingly, the research did not establish a correlation between a company's corporate governance score and its financial performance. Nevertheless, there was notable variation in the extent of corporate governance reporting across different sectors. In light of these findings, the report recommends that the Securities and Exchange Commission's code of best practices should be made obligatory for all industries in Nigeria. Furthermore, the establishment of a compliance team is advised to ensure that businesses across all sectors in Nigeria adhere to the regulatory mandates outlined in the code of corporate governance.

PENGARUH PENGUNGKAPAN ENVIRONMENTAL, SOCIAL, AND GOVERNANCE (ESG) TERHADAP EFISIENSI INVESTASI

This research aims to test and analyze the influence of ESG disclosure both in aggregate and the influence of partial ESG components consisting of environmental, social and corporate governance disclosures on investment efficiency in companies listed on the IDX for the 2017-2021 period. Data collection in this research used the documentation method. This research uses purposive sampling as a sampling method with a total sample of 210 companies listed on the IDX. The results of this study show that aggregate ESG disclosure has a positive effect on investment efficiency. Meanwhile, partial ESG disclosure has no influence on investment efficiency. The findings of this research provide important awareness to companies regarding the benefits of carrying out comprehensive ESG disclosures.

PENGARUH PENGUNGKAPAN CORPORATE GOVERNANCE TERHADAP PENGHINDARAN PAJAK DENGAN CORPORATE SOSIAL RESPONSIBILITY SEBAGAI VARIABEL MEDIASI

This hresearch is motivated by the problem of corporate tax avoidance which is increasing every year. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Corporate Governance (CG) disclosure on tax avoidance with Corporate Social Responsibility as a mediating variable. The sample in this study is 35 companies in Indonesia that present annual reports and sustainability reports that are included in the Asia Sustainability Reporting Rating (ASR Rating) in 2018 and 2019. The test analysis uses multiple regression analysis using SPSS 23. The research method used is quantitative research. research shows that corporate governance has an effect on tax avoidance. However, Corporate social responsibility is not able to mediate the influence of Corporate Governance on Tax Avoidance.

Pengaruh Islamic Values Dan Corporate governance Terhadap Corporate Governance Disclosure Pada Bank Syariah di Indonesia

This research aims to determine the effect of Islamic values and corporate governance on corporate governance disclosure. The independent variables in this research are Islamic values and corporate governance, which are proxied by corporate governance mechanisms, managerial ownership, and institutional ownership. The dependent variable in this research is corporate governance disclosure. This research's population consists of all Annual Reports of Islamic Commercial Banks that are registered with the Financial Services Authority (OJK). The sampling method used was purposive sampling, and 13 companies were selected from a total sample of 52 research data points. The analysis technique used is multiple linear regression with SPSS v25 software. The results of this research indicate that Islamic values have no effect on corporate governance disclosure, corporate governance proxied by corporate governance mechanisms has an effect on corporate governance disclosures, managerial ownership has no effect on corporate governance disclosures, and institutional ownership has no effect on corporate governance disclosures.

Environmental, social, and governance disclosure and capital market mispricing

AbstractWith the development of sustainability, ESG information has become a key factor for investors in capital market, but researches on the relationship between ESG disclosure and capital market efficiency has not been clear. Using the data of Chinese A‐share listed companies from 2011 to 2019, this study examined the relationship between ESG disclosure and market mispricing. The results showed that the higher ESG disclosure with lower level of mispricing, which was also verified in both the overvalued and undervalued samples. The test of environmental (E), social (S), and, governance (G) showed that environmental disclosure can restrain the over‐valuation, social disclosure can mitigate the under‐valuation, and corporate governance disclosure has no significant impact on the mispricing. In addition, this paper identified the effect of ESG disclosure on market mispricing by using exogenous market fluctuation. Furtherly, mechanism analysis results showed that ESG disclosure can affect pricing deviation through signaling and supervision effects.

Strengthening governance mechanisms and corporate social responsibility disclosure: Drivers of performance in Islamic banks

This research examines the factors influencing the performance of Islamic banks in Southeast Asia (SEA) and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) regions. It focuses on three key areas: corporate governance (CG), Shari’ah supervisory board (SSB) mechanisms, and corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure. This research employed rigorous panel data regression analysis, covering data from 79 Islamic banks spanning the years 2012 to 2021. This analytical approach revealed intricate connections between CG practices, SSB mechanisms, CSR disclosure, and bank performance. Strong CG and SSB mechanisms, in conjunction with robust CSR disclosure, positively impacted Islamic bank performance. These factors facilitated value creation, accountability, and stability, even during the COVID-19 pandemic. This underscores the significance of enhancing CG, SSB mechanisms, and CSR disclosure to bolster transparency and trust within the Islamic banking sector. Collaborative efforts among regulators, investors, and creditors are imperative for enforcing regulations, formulating CSR guidelines, and strengthening governance. This research contributes to a deeper understanding of CG practices, their impact, and the role of CSR disclosure in Islamic banks. It offers valuable insights for stakeholders and enhances comprehension of these mechanisms within the context of the SEA and GCC regions.

Bank climate change initiatives, ownership structures, and corporate governance mechanisms: Evidence from emerging economies

AbstractMotivated by the growing attention on climate change acceleration, we examine the interrelationships among corporate governance disclosure index, bank ownership structures, and bank climate change initiatives through the lens of a multi‐theoretical framework. We conduct a fixed‐effects and dynamic two‐step system generalized method of moments models over an extensive dataset. Based on panel data of 220 banks (2,785 observations) from 16 Sub‐Saharan Africa emerging economies between 2007 and 2022, the study observes that banks with higher levels of corporate governance disclosure index engage in more climate change initiatives. The study shows that ownership by institutional and foreign investors is associated with more bank climate change initiatives, while government ownership reduces climate change initiatives. Further, we document that director ownership has no impact on climate change initiatives. The study documents that the association between bank ownership structures and bank climate change initiatives is positively moderated by the extent of the corporate governance disclosure index. This moderating impact improves for banks with high corporate governance mechanisms. Finally, we show that the bank ownership structures‐climate change initiatives linkage and the moderating effect of corporate governance mechanisms on this nexus vary significantly across banks' operating periods. We identify corporate governance disclosure as the potential channel through which bank ownership structures and climate change initiatives are interlinked. Our findings call for banks to adopt and implement good governance disclosure to improve climate change initiatives. The findings make significant theoretical and regulatory contributions.

Do disclosure of ESG information policies inhibit the value of heavily polluting Enterprises?—Evidence from China

Green governance and high-quality green development are crucial to the growth of enterprises; therefore, this paper examines how environmental, social, and corporate governance (ESG) disclosure policies affect the value of heavily polluting companies. The study's data is from the new version of the Governance Guidelines for Public Companies promulgated by the China Securities Regulatory Commission in 2018. Thus, the data of China's public companies from 2011 to 2021 is used for the study's analysis. The methods applied for our estimation analysis are the differences-in-differences (DID) and the mediation effect model. The findings depict that ESG information disclosure policies can significantly inhibit the corporate value of heavily polluting enterprises (HPE). Enterprise technological innovation plays a mediating effect in this mechanism; that is, after introducing the policy, it effectively alleviates the information asymmetry and promotes enterprise technological innovation, but it also damages the enterprise value. Further analysis shows that the inhibition effect of ESG information disclosure policy on the value of HPE is heterogeneous, and for non-state-owned enterprises, ESG information disclosure policies have a stronger inhibitory effect. Also, there is little difference between the central and western regions and the eastern region in terms of the inhibitory effect of ESG disclosure policies on the value of HPE. The conclusion of this paper is conducive to improving the information disclosure policy of listed companies and promoting the green development of enterprises.

Which institutional investors can improve the level of corporate ESG information disclosure?

The inconsistency of existing findings on the relationship between institutional investors' shareholdings and the level of corporate Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) disclosure may lie in the insufficient consideration of the heterogeneity of institutional investors and investee firms. In this paper, from the perspective of institutional investor heterogeneity, we use a two-way fixed effects model to examine the impact of institutional investors on corporate ESG disclosure and the possible mechanism of this impact using a sample of Chinese A-share-listed firms from 2012 to 2020. We show that institutional investor shareholding can improve the level of corporate ESG information disclosure by enhancing auditor supervision and analyst attention to these external supervision. In terms of institutional investor heterogeneity, it is found that independent institutional investors and stable institutional investors play a stronger role in promoting the level of ESG information disclosure. Moreover, the positive net effect of the institutional investors on improving the level of ESG information disclosure is more pronounced in non-heavily polluting industries and state-owned enterprises. This paper enriches the impact of institutional investors' shareholding on corporate ESG disclosure from a heterogeneity perspective.

The Impact of Sustainability Reporting on Financial Performance: Evidence from Turkish FBT and TCL Sectors

This study investigated the impact of sustainability reporting on financial performance, with a focus on companies in the Turkish food, beverage and tobacco and textile, wearing apparel and leather sectors. The sustainability reports of 48 companies listed on the Istanbul Stock Exchange for 2022 were studied, and the quality of sustainability practices was determined by using a general index (Sustainability Reporting Disclosure Quality Index (SRDQI)) and three partial indices (Environmental Disclosure Quality Index, Social Disclosure Quality Index, and Corporate Governance Disclosure Quality Index (CGDQI)). To analyze the relationships between financial performance and sustainability practices, two types of regression models were developed, based on which eight models were directly examined. The results indicate the complete absence of a statistically significant impact of SRDQI on all financial performance measures used. Among the partial indices, only CGDQI has a significant positive effect on the Assets Turnover Ratio. An analysis of the influence of control variables shows a multidirectional dependence of individual financial performance measures on the size of companies, their age, industry affiliation, as well as on the structure of capital used. Finally, this study provides directions for improving the institutional environment of sustainability reporting for Turkish companies.

준수 또는 설명 방식에 따른 기업지배구조 핵심지표 미준수 사유의 설명과 기업가치 간 관계

[Purpose] The Comply or Explain (CoE) approach, a core principle of the Corporate Governance Code, encourages an improvement in corporate governance by affording each firm the discretion to choose an appropriate governance structure and by allowing capital market participants to assess the firm’s governance choice. In order to investigate whether the corporate governance disclosure system works in accordance with the spirit of the CoE approach, this study analyzes the relationship between disclosure of the status of compliance with the key indicators of corporate governance and firm value.
 [Methodology] Using a sample of listed firms that disclosed corporate governance reports from 2019 to 2021, we perform regression analysis to examine the relationship between the disclosure of compliance or explanations for non－compliance with key corporate governance indicators and firm value. Additionally, we analyze the content of the explanations for noncompliance.
 [Findings] We find that compliance with key indicators has a positive relationship with firm value, while explanations for non－compliance do not exhibit a significant relationship with firm value. We also find that the majority of non－compliers state only the fact that they do not comply with the key indicators or provide general explanations exemplified in guidelines and best practices for their non－compliance.
 [Implications] The mandatory disclosure system for corporate governance reports, under the CoE approach, is intended to enhance transparency and the long－term value of the firm through effective disclosure of corporate governance and will apply to all listed firms in 2026. We find that the explanations provided by non－compliers are neither specific nor significantly related to firm value. These findings suggest the need for a discussion on ways to enhance the understanding of the essence of the CoE principles, particularly the Explanation (E) element, among both firms and information users and to improve the quality of corporate disclosures.