Purpose This study aims to analyze the collaborative dynamics of the integrated public service delivery model in Minas Gerais, Brazil, examining how interorganizational relationships, governance arrangements and coordination mechanisms shape collaborative performance in a hybrid, multilevel context. Design/methodology/approach A qualitative case study was conducted using document analysis and semi-structured interviews with key actors involved in the management and operation of the Unidades de Atendimento Integrado system. The data were analyzed through thematic content analysis and interpreted using Ferolla and Passador (2014) framework, which evaluates collaboration across three dimensions: participation, representativeness and publicization. Findings Findings show that, despite the existence of formal coordination mechanisms and hybrid governance structures, collaborative performance remains limited. Excessive centralization, rigid standardization, fragmented accountability chains and the absence of deliberative and participatory processes undermine horizontal collaboration and restrict frontline autonomy. As a result, the collaborative potential of integrated service centers is only partially realized. Research limitations/implications Although limited to a single case, the findings identify mechanisms that are likely to appear in similar integrated service models, especially those operating in multilevel governance settings. Future studies may compare alternative models across regions or countries. Practical implications The results underscore the need for clearer accountability structures, shared performance indicators, strengthened interorganizational coordination routines and expanded discretion for frontline managers. Establishing participatory channels and reducing excessive centralization can enhance collaborative performance and improve service outcomes. Social implications Strengthening collaboration in integrated citizen service centers can improve accessibility, reduce bureaucratic barriers, enhance responsiveness and build public trust in state institutions. Originality/value This study advances the literature on collaborative governance by examining an underrepresented territorial context and demonstrating that formal integration and hybrid governance arrangements do not guarantee effective collaboration. It highlights the enabling conditions – shared authority, mutual trust and participatory structures – required for integrated service delivery to generate collaborative capacity and public value.

ABSTRACT This study examines the communication strategies of leading Italian apple producers through their websites, with a focus on sustainability, traceability, and certification as key factors in shaping consumer perceptions and differentiation. A sample of websites from the members of Assomela, the Italian apple growers’ association, was analysed using content analysis and the Reinert method to identify thematic clusters. Three primary clusters emerged: (i) certifications, quality systems, and traceability; (ii) natural cultivation and ecosystems; and (iii) network associations and consortia. The findings indicate that sustainability communication predominantly highlights environmental concerns, followed by social and economic aspects, with a strong emphasis on product certifications. While traceability received limited direct attention, it was inherently linked to certification schemes. The study underscores the significance of sustainability certifications, particularly environmental ones, and suggests that although traceability is integral to certified products, it is not always explicitly communicated. These insights contribute to a deeper understanding of communication strategies within the apple supply chain and highlight opportunities to enhance consumer trust through clearer traceability messaging.

As a pluricultural country, Mexico must promote breastfeeding through intercultural approaches. Although existing research remains limited, the exclusion and precarious living conditions experienced by many Indigenous communities render such efforts both challenging and essential for reducing inequalities in breastfeeding support. Moreover, while low breastfeeding rates at both global and local levels have been extensively documented through quantitative studies, the lived experiences of Indigenous mothers remain highly variable and underexplored. To date, qualitative research centered on Indigenous breastfeeding mothers' perspectives is scarce. This paper presents a case study of breastfeeding practices within a Tzeltal Indigenous community, examining the embodied, co-participatory, and situated dimensions of maternal care. Using qualitative methods and Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis within the 'Operational Research Group and Participatory Inquiry´ framework. A total of 19 Tzeltal-speaking mothers who were breastfeeding their children participated in the study, conducted on November 12, 2024, in the Tzeltal community of San Juan Cancuc, Chiapas. Data were collected through group sessions documented with field notes and audio recordings. The material was analyzed using conventional content analysis with emergent coding, grounding interpretations in participants' lived, embodied, affective, communal, and contextual breastfeeding experiences, allowing categories to be inductively generated from participants' narratives. The findings highlight that breastfeeding practices within a Tzeltal Indigenous community are not merely an individual act but a deeply relational, embodied and communitarian experience shaped by sociocultural, cosmogonic and spatial-contextual factors. This qualitative study, grounded in an intercultural perspective and centered on Indigenous mothers' breastfeeding experiences, advocates for a more nuanced, interculturally oriented approach to breastfeeding promotion, protection, and support -one that recognizes the affective, embodied, and collective dimensions of maternal care. By attending to local beliefs, cosmogonies, and shared practices surrounding traditional breastfeeding, the study offers crucial insights that contribute to advancing reproductive justice for women, infants, and their communities, while underscoring the importance of intercultural strategies in the design and implementation of breastfeeding policies in a pluricultural country such as Mexico.

Effective communication, motivation, and self-efficacy are essential competencies for nursing students to deliver high-quality patient care. Educational strategies grounded in motivational theory, such as the ARCS model, may enhance these outcomes. This study aimed to examine the effects of an education program based on the ARCS motivational model on nursing students' communication skills, learning motivation, and academic self-efficacy. A mixed-method randomized controlled trial was conducted with sixty-four first-year nursing students randomly assigned to either an experimental group (n = 34), which received six hours of ARCS-based communication training, or a control group (n = 34), which received standard instruction. Quantitative data were collected pre- and post-intervention using validated instruments measuring communication skills, learning motivation, and academic self-efficacy. Qualitative data were obtained from reflective journals written by the experimental group and analyzed through inductive descriptive content analysis. The experimental group demonstrated significant improvements in ego-supportive language, active listening, and empathy (p < 0.05), whereas no significant change was observed in the I-language subscale. Only the experimental group showed significant increases in learning motivation and academic self-efficacy (p < 0.05), while the control group remained stable. Qualitative findings generated three overarching themes-Transformation in Communication, Motivation through ARCS, and Internalization and Development-which supported the quantitative results and illustrated enhanced emotional empathy, perceived relevance, and satisfaction. Education based on the ARCS motivational model significantly improved nursing students' communication skills, motivation, and self-efficacy. While affective and participatory competencies developed substantially, cognitive-reflective components may require extended or repeated interventions. The ARCS framework offers a robust pedagogical approach to fostering learner engagement and readiness in nursing education. Registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT07004205 Registration date: 12.05.2025).

Demographic changes have increased the number of older adults with chronic diseases, leading to more emergency visits and poorer outcomes. In response, Sweden's "Close care" initiative promotes patient-centered care through models such as mobile care units, which provide hospital care in patients' homes during office hours. To support their integration, this study explored patients' experiences of receiving care from mobile care units in Sweden. A qualitative interview design was used. Data were collected through individual interviews with 17 patients receiving care from mobile care units in different regions of Sweden between June 2021 and May 2025. Interviews were transcribed verbatim and analyzed using manifest conventional content analysis. The findings emerged into two main categories with six subcategories: "The home as a care setting" and "Comprehensive patient-centered care". Patients valued mobile care for its comfort, reduced stress, and decreased need for hospital visits, preferring it for mild conditions while favoring hospital care for acute illness. Patients appreciated the person-centered, home-based care, which reduced logistical challenges and supported daily routines and independence. However, some questioned its suitability for severe conditions, preferring hospital care for its advanced resources and 24/7 availability.

Green spaces are increasingly recognized as critical to public health. This study examines English local planning authorities' green infrastructure strategies, evaluating how health improvement and inequality reduction goals are integrated. A quantitative content analysis was conducted on publicly accessible green infrastructure strategy documents. Of 305 potential authorities, 133 (44%) were included based on eligibility criteria. Only strategies published from 2012 onwards were included. Data were coded across themes: health policy and actors, health outcomes, demographics and inequalities, environmental change and health. A scoring system quantified consideration of health and inequality, with descriptive statistics summarizing thematic presence, frequency, regional variation, and temporal trends. The integration of health and inequality varied substantially. Most strategies referenced general health outcomes, but fewer detailed actions targeting health inequalities or specific demographic groups. Regional differences were observed, and methods for monitoring health impacts were limited. Local green infrastructure strategies in England increasingly recognize their health improvement potential, but inconsistent integration of health and inequality may limit impact. Stronger collaboration between planning and public health is needed to create equitable, accessible, health-promoting environments. Future research should explore longitudinal health impacts and identify best practices for integrating health equity in spatial planning.

Bullying and school violence contribute directly to mental health difficulties among youth in the United States. Background/Objectives: This study describes the development and initial evaluation of a technology-enabled, multi-component school safety framework designed to support bullying prevention in middle and high schools. Methods: Students (n = 46), school personnel (n = 79), and parents/caregivers (n = 28) participated in three waves of usability and feasibility testing focused on a mobile application (Speak Out with Advocatr), companion classroom instructional materials, and guidelines for a school-wide safety campaign. Quantitative data were summarized using descriptive statistics and benchmark comparisons, and group differences across respondent roles were examined using analysis of variance with post hoc pairwise tests. Given small and unequal sample sizes, bootstrap resampling with 1000 resamples was used to obtain robust estimates of group means and confidence intervals. Qualitative responses were analyzed using content analysis. Results: Across waves, mean ratings generally met or exceeded predefined usability benchmarks, indicating favorable perceptions of the system. Findings indicated strong student acceptance and engagement with the framework. Adult participants expressed particular interest in restorative approaches to addressing student conflict, as well as concerns about preventing the recurrence of bullying behaviors. Conclusions: Findings provide initial support for the usability and feasibility of a multi-component, technology-enabled approach to school-based bullying prevention. Results also highlight the value of role-specific feedback for refining integrated mental health and safety interventions within school settings.

The maintenance of natural gas wayleaves is important for ensuring the safety, efficiency, and reliability of gas distribution systems, particularly as global energy demands continue to rise. This study explores the factors influencing the maintenance of natural gas wayleaves, focusing on operations at GASCO. Using a mixed-methods approach, the study collected data from 50 GASCO staff in Dar es Salaam, employing surveys, interviews, focus group discussions, and document reviews. Quantitative analysis was conducted using descriptive statistics and the Relative Importance Index (RII), while qualitative data were analysed using Content Analysis. Key findings revealed that budget constraints, environmental factors such as rainfall intensity, limited access to wayleaves, and human activities significantly impact maintenance operations. Technological adoption, manpower shortages, insufficient training, equipment failures, and regulatory compliance also influence maintenance practices, but to a lesser extent. The results show the need for improved funding, enhanced infrastructure access, weather-resilient strategies, community engagement, and targeted training initiatives to address these challenges effectively. This study provides actionable insights for stakeholders, emphasising the importance of prioritising key factors to enhance maintenance efficiency and safety. By adopting advanced maintenance frameworks and best practices, GASCO and similar organisations can strengthen the resilience of their natural gas distribution networks, aligning with sustainability and energy security goals

This study examines the role of the United States in China’s accession to the World Trade Organization (WTO) during the 1990s. The primary research question addresses why the United States facilitated China’s integration into the WTO despite the country’s rapidly growing economic potential and population exceeding one billion. The study is particularly significant given that the decisions made in the 1990s continue to shape Sino-American relations today. Another contribution lies in the fact that, within the Georgian academic context, there is virtually no literature addressing this issue. The research employs qualitative methods and draws on a diverse set of sources, including government reports, congressional documents, expert interviews, memoirs, official statistics, and media sources. The analysis was conducted using content analysis, discourse analysis, historical analysis, and case study methods. In addition, in-depth interviews were conducted with individuals directly involved in the processes examined in the study. The findings indicate that U.S. policy toward China was shaped by both domestic and external factors, which influenced the formulation of foreign policy. The main objectives included limiting competing countries’ access to the Chinese market, exerting influence over China through its integration into rule-based international organizations, and maintaining U.S. economic supremacy. This study provides significant insights into the dynamics of Sino-American relations, the complexity of decision-making processes, and the importance of analyzing historical developments for understanding present and future trends.

ABSTRACT Master of Arts (MA) programs strive to equip students with advanced knowledge and skills in their field of study. Additionally, these programs help students develop their abilities to conduct research and contribute to the existing body of knowledge within their disciplines. MA programs generally consist of the completion of the coursework and a thesis. Despite students’ familiarity with the course stage, writing a thesis can be a perplexing task for them to navigate. Consequently, numerous MA students encounter many problems as they write their thesis. Despite the growing body of research on graduate education, there is a noticeable lack of studies that address the challenges MA students face. Hence, this research explored problems that MA students in an English Language Teaching (ELT) program encountered before or while writing their thesis. To this end, semi-structured interviews were conducted with students to identify these challenges, which were analysed through content analysis. The findings indicated that factors related to academic literacy, research competence, psychological states, the supervision process, and institutions and bureaucracy set barriers to the thesis writing process and sometimes caused delays. This evidence led to the development of a comprehensive model to enhance thesis outcomes and inform graduate students and program administrators.

Within Ecuador, a worrying decline in reading levels has been observed among students. Underlying these declines are difficulties in text comprehension, an inability to summarize or paraphrase what they read, poor quality of responses to comprehension questions, and difficulty identifying the main plot of a text. The objective was to establish a teaching strategy for developing reading comprehension in elementary school students (ages 6 to 8) at the "Tosagua" Educational Unit in the Tosagua Canton. The research was conducted from a mixed approach, employing the theoretical methods of analysis-synthesis, historical-logical analysis, systemic approach, and content analysis. The results showed that the proposal is viable and responds to the needs of teachers and families to contribute to the development of reading comprehension in children, with the consequent improvement of performance in school, family, and social contexts.

Purpose Lean Healthcare (LH) aims to increase patient value, enhance quality and reduce waste across processes. However, in hospital settings, the assimilation of LH into routine practice is impeded by multiple barriers that challenge both implementation and sustainability. This study aims to identify these barriers, explains their underlying causes and delineates potential resolutions (strategic pathways) through the lens of Organizational Learning (OL) theory. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive systematic literature review (SLR) (Web of Science and Scopus) was conducted, followed by content analysis. Barriers and strategic pathways were coded and classified across OL theory and validated by experts. Findings By conducting an SLR, the authors have systematically categorized the impediments to LH across organizational, group/team and individual levels, elucidating their interconnected nature based on OL theory. In addition, this research systematizes pathways to address each barrier and group them by OL dimensions, offering a coherent mechanism linking barriers to targeted interventions. Practical implications The framework helps hospital leaders diagnose barrier profiles and choose mutually reinforcing learning pathways (e.g. leadership engagement, structured training, cross-functional teams, measurement and feedback) to accelerate and sustain LH initiatives. Originality/value This research, therefore, serves as a dual-purpose tool: it expands the theoretical application of OL Theory in healthcare and provides a pragmatic framework for healthcare professionals seeking to realize the full potential of LH.

The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between primary school teachers' attitudes towards the use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in education and their concerns about technology-induced unemployment. A convergent parallel design from mixed research methods was used in the study. A correlational survey design was used in the quantitative part, while a case study design was preferred in the qualitative part. Quantitative data were collected using scales developed by Aksekili and Kan (2024) and Civelek and Pehlivanoğlu (2020). Qualitative data were collected using a semi-structured interview form. Quantitative data were obtained from 149 classroom teachers selected by random sampling in the 2024-2025 academic year, while qualitative data were obtained from 24 classroom teachers selected by convenience sampling. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive statistics and parametric tests. Qualitative data were analysed using content analysis. The findings reveal that class teachers have a high level of attitude towards the use of AI in education. It was found that class teachers have a low level of concern about technology-induced unemployment. The relationship between these two variables is understood to be moderately negative. It was determined that most teachers have a positive view of the use of AI in primary school lessons. It is thought that AI cannot replace the profession of classroom teaching. It has been established that AI cannot perform many human skills. Among the views of classroom teachers, the fact that AI is emotionally inadequate stands out.

Preparations containing appropriate microorganisms stimulate plant growth and are increasingly used to alleviate plant stress, including water deficit stress. Despite the growing interest in PGPR, little is known about the post-emergence efficacy of formulations based on native strains under water stress. In this study, we tested the post-emergence efficacy of preparations based on Bacillus velezensis_KT27 and Bacillus subtilis + Pseudomonas simiae + Bacillus velezensis_S103 at doses of half a liter and one liter × 200 L × ha−1 in culture fluid or oil dispersion each at a final microbial cell concentration of 5 × 108 (CFU/mL) for the tested strains. Our hypothesis was that the different biostimulants may positively affect plants’ tolerance to water stress. To this end, analyses of plant height, fresh weight, dry weight, chlorophyll, flavonol and anthocyanin content, and chlorophyll fluorescence were conducted under greenhouse conditions for winter wheat, winter barley, and winter oilseed rape. The preparations promoted the growth and water-stress tolerance of the selected plants, with effectiveness depending on strain, plant, dose, and formulation. B. velezensis_KT27 (0.5 L in oil dispersion) increased the dry weight of winter wheat by 17% (optimal) and 14% (water deficit stress) and of winter barley by 17% and 28%. Bacillus spp. + Pseudomonas spp. (0.5 L in oil dispersion) increased winter oilseed rape dry weight by 13% in both conditions. These findings highlight the potential of Bacillus spp. and Pseudomonas spp. for post-emergence biostimulation under variable soil levels of moisture.

Current reference standards for measuring gastric emptying and motility are not considered optimal due to the time required, ionizing radiation, invasiveness, and spatial resolution. To assess gastric motility using novel real-time dynamic magnetic resonance imaging in combination with static measurements for gastric emptying and training of an automated deep-learning-based segmentation pipeline. Prospective. The study included 36 healthy volunteers (20 female, mean 24 ± 3 years) and three patients with diagnosed Crohn's disease. Participants ingested water to assess fasting motility and pineapple juice for the postprandial state. 3 T, 3D spoiled gradient echo (GRE) sequence and real-time spoiled GRE. Gastric emptying was measured by using the gastric volume, while motility was analyzed by tracking changes in the antrum's cross-sectional area and applying Fast Fourier Transformation. Segmentations were performed using a trained semantic segmentation model. Linear Mixed Model with continuous dependent variables and fixed effects. Models included a random intercept for participants. Statistical significance was defined as p = 0.05. The method enabled volumetric analysis of gastric content from 3D breath-hold static acquisition and time-resolved quantification of peristaltic parameters from real-time FLASH2 imaging at high temporal resolution (here 6.24 fps). Water emptied rapidly and exponentially (t1/2 = 14.77 ± 10.55 min), while juice showed slower emptying (t1/2 = 64.24 ± 11.87 min). Contraction frequencies (fasted: 2.76 ± 0.43 cpm, fed: 2.89 ± 0.43 cpm) and velocities (fasted: 1.67 ± 0.38 mm/s, fed: 1.72 ± 0.37 mm/s) were within physiological ranges, with fasting conditions characterized by stronger occlusion compared to the fed. Measurements taken from three patients proved that the workflow could be used in a clinical context. Real-time MRI with AI-based analysis enabled quantitative assessment of gastric emptying and motility, revealing physiological peristaltic parameters and state-dependent differences in occlusion. 2. Stage 1.

Since 2020, psychotherapists and physicians have been allowed to prescribe digital health applications for mental disorders (DHA-MD). The aim of the study was to examine the actual relevance of DHA-MD for mental health care by asking psychotherapists and physicians for their opinion on the need for DHA-MD and how often they actually prescribe them. Moreover, we wanted to identify reasons for (not) prescribing DHA-MD.In spring 2024, 1000 psychological psychotherapists and physicians registered by the National Association of Statutory Health Insurance Physicians in Germany were selected stratified by region and community size. They received a self-developed questionnaire by post, which was additionally published online by, for instance, expert associations. Additionally, we conducted semi-structured interviews with selected participants. Questionnaires were analysed both descriptively and via Spearman's Rank Correlation Test. A qualitative content analysis according to Mayring was done for the interviews.In total, 321 participants filled out the questionnaires, and 16 were interviewed. The need for DHA-MD on a scale of 0-10 was rated≤2 (median 2) by 61% (n=198) of the participants. The median of DHA-MD prescriptions in a regular calender quarter was 0 with a range up to 20. The share of participants prescribing at least one PsyDiGA was slightly higher (n=23, 29%) among physicians compared to psychological psychotherapists (n=60, 25%). There was no difference in the assessment of need for DHA-MD between the two professions. According to the interviews, requirements for confidence in and prescription of DHA-MD comprised guaranteed data protection, sufficient proof of concept, and knowledge about the contents of DHA-MD.Reasons for the low number of prescriptions and perceived need for DHA-MD may be less experience with DHA-MD or a lack of perceived necessity in participants' practice routine. The demand for transparency concerning data protection, proof of concept, and content of DHA-MD show mental health professionals' expectations of high quality concerning DHA-MD.

The growing conceptual complexity and persistent ambiguity surrounding the definition and measurement of the Knowledge Society/Knowledge Economy (KS/KE) and its associated competencies point to an unresolved research gap, which may contribute to fragmented and insufficiently coordinated policy responses. While numerous frameworks describing 21st-century skills and competencies exist, their linkage to macro-level indicators capturing the performance of knowledge-based economies remains limited and methodologically underexplored. This paper addresses this gap by examining the methodological viability of systematically deriving key competencies for the KS/KE from Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) indicators and by assessing whether the resulting competency model demonstrates conceptual congruence with established 21st-century competency frameworks. The primary objective of the study is to develop and apply a novel and robust methodological framework for constructing a key competency model tailored to the contemporary socio-economic context of the KS/KE. The proposed approach is grounded in a systematic content analysis of existing KEIs and their constituent indicators. Specifically, the methodology is applied to a dataset comprising 301 indicators derived from four internationally recognised KEIs: the Global Knowledge Index (GKI), the Global Innovation Index (GII), the European Innovation Scoreboard – Summary Innovation Index (EIS- SII), and the Digital Economy and Society Index (DESI). A central methodological contribution of the study lies in the uniform semantic categorisation of all indicators and their systematic division into input indicators, capturing structural prerequisites and investments, and output indicators, reflecting achieved results and performance. This analytical structure enables the identification of key competencies that mediate the transformation of invested resources into measurable and socially desirable outcomes within KE. To assess the conceptual robustness of the proposed model, the resulting key competency model for KS/KE is validated against a reference database of competencies synthesised from authoritative policy and strategic documents issued by organisations such as the OECD, UNESCO, the European Commission, the Council of the European Union, the World Economic Forum, and the Partnership for 21st Century Learning. The validation confirms a high degree of conceptual alignment between the empirically derived competencies and established 21st-century competency frameworks. In addition, the study exploits an extensive longitudinal dataset of KEI indicators available since 2017 as the empirical basis for a model-based analysis of anticipated trends in key competency development over a forthcoming three-year horizon. Compared to traditional competency modelling approaches based on expert studies, job analyses, behavioural observations, Delphi methods, or surveys, the proposed model leverages dynamically updated KEI indicators, offering greater flexibility and responsiveness to rapid socio-economic change. At the societal level, the resulting KS/KE key competency model provides a foundation for preparing future knowledge workers, while at the organisational level it supports talent management practices and the development of organisation-specific competency models aimed at sustaining competitive advantage.

Hypothyroidism is a common endocrine disorder that significantly impacts patients' quality of life. In recent years, short-video platforms have become an important source of health information for the public. This study aimed to evaluate the content, quality, and reliability of hypothyroidism-related videos on TikTok and Bilibili. We searched for videos related to "hypothyroidism" on TikTok and Bilibili and included the top 150 videos based on comprehensive ranking, excluding irrelevant, duplicate, advertisement, and course-related videos. Extracted variables included video duration, number of likes, collections, comments, shares, uploader type, and content themes. The Global Quality Score and modified DISCERN (mDISCERN) tools were used to assess each video. Mann-Whitney U tests and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to compare differences, and Spearman correlation analysis was performed to examine associations between engagement metrics and video quality. A total of 270 videos were included. Video content primarily focused on treatment (62.2%) and symptoms (60.0%), whereas prevention (7.0%) and epidemiology (4.1%) were notably underrepresented. Videos on Bilibili were longer but had lower engagement (P < .05), while TikTok videos had higher mDISCERN scores. Videos uploaded by specialists received the highest Global Quality Score and mDISCERN scores (P < .05). Engagement metrics were strongly intercorrelated (P < .05), but showed no significant association with video quality (P > .05). Video length demonstrated a weak correlation with quality (P < .05). This study revealed that hypothyroidism-related short videos generally have incomplete content structures, particularly with insufficient coverage of prevention and epidemiology. The overall quality and reliability were suboptimal, with videos by specialists demonstrating higher quality. Future efforts should encourage greater participation of specialists in short-video health education content creation, and platforms should strengthen content oversight and optimize algorithms to enhance the visibility of high-quality video content.

In a context of increasing wildfire risk and highly fragmented forest ownership, this work investigates two relatively recent monetary policy instruments in Catalonia that require grouped applications: a subsidy for fuel reduction, which prioritises collective applications in wildfire-strategic areas, and a climate credit system that promotes territorially coordinated, multifunctional forest management that, i.a., decreases wildfire risk through fuel management. Through in-depth interviews with beneficiaries and consultations with key informants, we analysed whether these measures have triggered adjacent forest management, and how they have interacted with joint action rules to facilitate concerted interventions. The qualitative content analysis indicates that these measures represent a significant step towards landscape-level management and that pre-existing forest owners’ associations play a crucial role in capturing the available funds. The eligibility of coordination costs is also appreciated for covering the transaction costs of catalysing landowners. Yet, areas with weaker social capital may become disadvantaged if there is no external support for their organisation. These findings contribute to the emerging field of policy tools for effective landscape-level interventions.

ABSTRACT Existing research on vaccination communication has emphasized commercial marketing and social mobilization, while culturally attuned approaches remain underexplored. This study examines how the Chinese state moralizes vaccine promotion on social media in emergencies. Using content analysis of 205 government-produced videos and 58 stakeholder interviews, we find that state actors frame vaccination as a civilizational practice that merges Confucian ethics with biomedical rationales. Simultaneously, they harness entertainment affordances that intertwine playful performance, ritualization, and interactivity to amplify affective resonance and foster participatory engagement. This dual strategy reframes vaccination from a solely obligatory act into a socially meaningful, even enjoyable, act. However, we also identify a critical caveat: when moral appeals become excessive, they may reduce message receptivity. Our findings suggest that effective vaccine communication should bound moralization. Specifically, communication can be more effective by focusing on key ethical messages, using supportive, dialogue-oriented tones, and connecting moral narratives with practical guidance. We introduce a bounded moralization framework that reconciles collectivist and individualist orientations, balances entertainment with epistemic authority, and optimizes the communication dynamics between state and society. Practically, this framework offers guidance for designing culturally grounded health campaigns that are both persuasive and respectful of public needs.