Consequences of climate change on marine fish reproduction in aquaculture farms: Unveiling a novel interaction between TRPV1 and follicle-stimulating hormone

Climate change and extreme climatic events pose significant challenges to biodiversity. Studying species' physiological tolerances is required to predict their vulnerability and response to these threats, particularly at the margins of their distribution, where they are frequently at their environmental limits. While temperature constraints have attracted considerable interest, the combined effects of rising temperatures and aridification remain underrepresented in climate impact assessments, despite their synergetic role in intensifying physiological stress. Herein, we compared two parapatric vipers, Vipera aspis and Vipera latastei, which exhibit contrasting climatic niches and hybridise in their contact zone in northern Spain. V. aspis inhabits cooler, wetter environments, while V. latastei is adapted to warmer, drier habitats. First, we used open-flow respirometry to measure standard metabolic rate (SMR) and total evaporative water loss (TEWL) in pregnant females at three temperatures (15°C, 25°C, and 33°C). V. aspis exhibited higher SMR and TEWL than V. latastei and their hybrids, particularly at its preferred body temperature (33°C), reflecting its distinct temperate-adapted physiology. Second, we simulated a realistic drought (14 days) on neonates born from these females, manipulating both free-standing water and air water vapour deficit. In the drought simulated treatment, mass loss and post-natal growth inhibition were most pronounced in V aspis, while the hybrids exhibited on average an intermediate response between the two species. The warm- and dry-adapted V. latastei, therefore, exhibits greater drought tolerance under climate change scenarios, potentially providing a physiological advantage in the future dynamics of contact zones.

The increasing frequency and intensity of droughts, a direct consequence of climate change, represent one of the main threats to agriculture, especially for crops with a high water demand such as the processing tomato. The objective of this study is to evaluate the potential of the IrriDesK digital twin (DT) as a tool for automated irrigation management and the implementation of regulated deficit irrigation (RDI) strategies tailored to the crop’s water status and phenological stage. The trial was conducted in an experimental plot over two consecutive growing seasons (2023–2024), comparing three irrigation treatments: full irrigation based on lysimeter measurements (T1) and two RDI strategies programmed through IrriDesK (T2 and T3). The results showed water consumption reductions of 30–45% in treatments T2 and T3 compared to treatment T1, with applied volumes of 277–400 mm versus approximately 570 mm in treatment T1, thus remaining within the sustainability threshold (<500 mm, equivalent to 5000 m3 ha−1). This threshold corresponds to the maximum seasonal allocation typically available for processing tomato under drought conditions in the region and was used to configure the DT’s seasonal irrigation plan. The monitoring of leaf water potential (Ψleaf) and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) confirmed the DT’s ability to dynamically adjust irrigation and maintain an adequate water status during critical crop phases. In terms of productivity, treatment T1 achieved the highest yields (≈135 t ha−1), while RDI strategies reduced production to 90–108 t ha−1, but improved fruit quality, with increases in total soluble solids content of up to 10–15% (°Brix). These results demonstrate that IrriDesK is an effective tool for the optimization of water use while maintaining crop profitability and enhancing the resilience of processing tomatoes to drought scenarios.

Climate change is increasingly producing social, economic, and environmental impacts that are transforming regional socio-economic systems. In the Arctic, where climate change is progressing rapidly, the region’s relatively high population density and its strategic importance for Russia’s national and economic security make it essential to examine these consequences and develop appropriate adaptation policies. The aim of this study is to assess the scale of climate change impacts across the regions of the Russian Arctic and to determine the degree to which regional adaptation is required. The novelty of the study lies in its application of an original approach to evaluating climate change consequences in the Russian Arctic. This method makes it possible to identify climate trends, quantify socio-economic and socio-ecological impacts, and substantiate the level of adaptation needed for specific types of consequences in each Arctic region. Socio-economic impacts are most pronounced in the eastern part of the Russian Arctic and are linked to decreases in soil freezing depth, shorter heating seasons, a rising frequency of hazardous hydrometeorological events, and increasing forest fire activity. Socio-ecological impacts show no clear regional pattern. Certain environmental consequences, such as the spread of ticks and microbiological contamination of soils and water, are less evident in the high-latitude Arctic, while other climate-related health impacts lack a strict geographical distribution. The magnitude and dynamics of climate change impacts in each region of the Russian Arctic serve as the basis for determining the required level of adaptation within the economic, social, and ecological spheres. Future research should focus on developing detailed adaptation measures tailored to the scale and progression of these impacts. The findings of this study can support the process of making strategic management decisions for the development of Russia’s Arctic amid rapidly changing natural and climatic conditions.

The share of private household's direct fuel use in global CO2 emissions accounts approximately 20 percent and, when indirect effects of their overall consumption are included, between 50 and 80 percent of the total resource use produced or imported by country. This underscores the importance of achieving savings through pro-environmental behavior (PEB) in all sectors of daily life, such as recycling and nutrition. As PEB is often perceived as unattractive and unexperiental, political measures using external incentives are predominantly consulted. However, these types of motivation are often short-term and context-dependent. In contrast, more internal regulated motivation not only strengthens PEB frequency but may also extend it across contexts. This occurs when the behavior aligns with personal values, is seen as personally and future-relevant, and is experienced as part of one's identity – thus helping to overcome psychological barriers in the context of environmentalism. Based on the Organismic Integration Theory (OIT), online surveys were conducted with participants from the Global North (N = 146), providing self-disclosure on their attitude toward environmentalism, their level of exposure to the negative consequences of climate change, their PEB in everyday life across various sectors and their type of regulation. The analysis confirmed all hypotheses, showing that higher internalized motivation was associated not only with more frequent PEB but also with its broader spread across different sectors of everyday life. Additionally, our findings indicate that the type of regulation according to OIT might be more closely associated with PEB than individuals' direct exposure to climate change, even though intrinsic motivation, as the highest level of regulation, may not necessarily need to be the focus in the context of environmentalism.

Air travel contributed 3.5% to global warming in 2020, with a rising tendency. Only one third of the climate impact is caused by CO2. Other exhaust gases that cause harm to the climate are nitrogen oxides, soot, and water vapor, creating contrails with a negative impact on earth’s albedo. Hence, it is important to reduce any type of emission. As the effects of global climate change become an unneglectable threat to society, calls for quick changes become prominent. Recognizing the need for disruptive changes in air transport, the LuFo-project 328eHY-TECH was initiated to investigate the potential of regional hybrid-electric aircraft. This article focuses on conceptual aircraft design. An aircraft resembling the D328eco is modeled as a baseline aircraft, on which the sizing of the hybrid-electric propulsion systems is performed. As aircraft are mostly operated on a typical mission, which is shorter than the design mission, a distance of 400 nm is found to be a feasible range for this regional aircraft. In a conducted range study, the potential of state-of-the-art battery properties is being investigated and found to be insufficient. Subsequently conducted trade-off studies show that a 104 kW horsepower electric motor and a battery of 1.8 kWh/kg are needed to save 5% block fuel on a mission with 40 passengers of 95 kg over a distance of 400 nm. It is concluded that changing solely the propulsion system will not yield feasible aircraft designs in the near and midterm future.

The consequences of anthropogenic climate change threaten the well-being of natural environments and lead to permanent changes in ecosystems. In high Alpine regions, glaciers serve as critical climate change indicators. Their presence makes them essential to climate change education. However, the rapid retreat of glaciers increases difficulties for school field trips to these areas. The citizen science project Freeze For Future – Young People create Virtual Glacier Worlds for the Future of Climate Change Education thus aimed at developing a virtual glacier field trip in collaboration with 380 high school students and three researchers from the University of Innsbruck (Austria) in order to create an innovative application for future educational purposes. The final version of the VR environment includes a virtual field trip following the young people’s tracks on seven stations through the Gaisberg Valley, including experiences beyond reality, such as time leaps. This study provides insights into the projects’ research design, the implementation as well as cooperation with stakeholders in and outside academia.

Research methodology The primary method of data collection was through a semi-structured interview on October 10, 2018. IRB approval was obtained prior to any interviews; protocol approval was provided to the publisher. The name of the interviewee was masked, and the names of nonrelated corporate sponsors were redacted to ensure confidentiality in line with Montana state law. Figures 3 and 4 were derived from United States Geological Survey (USGS, 2024) data and Figure 5 on NASA (2024) data. The “USGS monitoring site” in Figure 1 corresponds with the longitude/latitude coordinates for data retrieval. Case overview/synopsis George Beau was a nature-based entrepreneur on the iconic Yellowstone River outside of Livingston, Montana, USA. Nature-based entrepreneurs exploited the natural environment or created goods or services derived from the natural environment. Beau operated a fly-fishing outfitter/guide venture where he was the business (i.e. outfitter) and individual who took clients on the river (i.e. guide). Beau’s stretch of the Yellowstone River was a blue-ribbon fishery with superior (1) fishing quality, (2) outdoor experiences, (3) fish habitat and (4) economic benefits. Yet, the consequences of climate change were challenging the viability of reliably fishing commercially on the river. For instance, two distinct climate change impacts that constrained outfitter/guides were (1) extreme floods of 1997 and 1998 that washed out a fishery, and (2) a parasitic mass fish kill event in 2016 that shut the river down for over two weeks. Commercial and noncommercial congestion from recreation were also making it more-and-more difficult to guide the river. With his superior client book of business in-hand, Beau was at a crossroad: should he (1) continue as a solopreneur on the Yellowstone River, or (2) divest his venture while it was still valuable? Complexity academic level The interdisciplinary case was designed and developed for an undergraduate, upper-level strategic management (capstone) course.

ABSTRACTThermal time models are useful for predicting the effects of global climate change on plants and enable us to know the phenotypic plasticity of germination responses to temperature. In five populations of Wigandia urens collected in Mexico at elevations of 1260, 1660, 2040, 2345, and 2500 m above sea level (a.s.l.), we determined soil temperatures, seed traits, cardinal temperatures, thermal time (Tt), and fatty acid content. In seeds collected at 2345 m, we also assessed the effect of osmotic potential on germination. Temperature in the elevational gradient differed by 10.7°C ± 1.37°C, variation higher than the increase in (6°C) predicted by CC models for the next century. Temperature was negatively related to elevation, positively related to germination capacity, and negatively related to lag time, seed mass, and lipid content. All elevational seed populations exhibited high germination capacity and a wide thermal germination window. Germination was thermophilic. Tbase for germination was 9.81°C–12.48°C and Tceiling ≈ 34.74°C. Variation in Tt was broader than that in Tbase and Tceiling. Elevation and/or percentile subpopulations significantly affected Tbase and Tt, while elevation affected Tceiling. For suboptimal and supraoptimal Tt, the lowest values were at 1660 m and the highest at 2345 and 2500 m. Suboptimal Tt exhibited greater variation than the other parameters, probably determining the W. urens distribution. This species germinated from 0 to −0.5 MPa in 2.4 days, the time required to reach a cumulative soil temperature equivalent to Tt for the 50% percentile. Even 32% germinated at −1 MPa. Unsaturated fatty acids content was highest at 2500 m. The phenotypic plasticity of W. urens, expressed in its germination and ecological distribution, suggests that it is a model pioneer tree useful as a facilitator species capable of facing temperature and precipitation predicted by climatic change and beneficial for ecological restoration and/or assisted migration across elevational or latitudinal gradients.

ABSTRACTSeriphidium transiliense is a key species in the arid and semi‐arid desert grasslands of Northwest China, playing crucial roles in maintaining ecological balance, stabilizing soil, and supporting biodiversity. However, the combined effects of global climate change and human activities are leading to a dramatic reduction in suitable habitat area, intensified habitat fragmentation, and ecosystem degradation. This study utilizes the MaxEnt model, along with field investigation data and online recorded data, selecting 159 effective occurrence points and integrating 20 environmental variables such as bioclimatic, soil, topographic, solar radiation, and human footprint factors, to evaluate the distribution patterns and dynamic changes of suitable habitats for S. transiliense under current climatic conditions and six future climate scenarios (SSP126, SSP245, SSP585). The results indicate that the total suitable habitat area for S. transiliense under current conditions is 86.20 × 104 km2, mainly concentrated in northern Xinjiang. Human activities have drastically reduced the suitable habitat area, with the total area shrinking to 75.78 × 104 km2, and the highly suitable habitat area decreasing from 5.72 × 104 km2 to 2.00 × 104 km2. Climate change in the future might expand its distribution range, but human activities continue to threaten its habitat, especially in areas of highly suitable habitat. The distribution center tends to migrate southeastward or northwestward under different climate scenarios, along with shifts in elevation. This research provides a scientific basis for the monitoring, protection, and ecological restoration of S. transiliense and underscores the necessity of scientific management and reseeding restoration amid escalating human activities.

Abstract Considering the consequences of climate change, geopolitics and economic stagnation, cohesion policy is under pressure to reform. Formerly strong regions are facing major structural changes in the near future, while regions that are catching up are not experiencing the economic recovery as perceived by their populations. In both cases, trust in state institutions is declining, putting social cohesion at risk. A new system of objectives is needed in cohesion policy, alongside a systematic understanding of equitable living conditions in terms of the economy, ecology, and democracy. Targeted support is also required for all regions in their respective areas of weakness.

This article presents lessons learned from the activity of the International Law Commission (ILC, the Commission) focusing on ‘Sea-level rise in relation to international law’ from the perspective of the author as former Co-Chair of the Study Group on this topic, which was included on the active agenda of the ILC in 2019 and was finalized in 2025. The article undertakes a review of the progress of the topic on its three subtopics (law of the sea, statehood and protection of persons affected by sea-level rise), mainly from the perspective of the way the Commission responded promptly, in a concrete manner, to the interests and needs of the United Nations (UN) Member States concerned by the negative effects of this consequence of climate change, as well as of the way the ILC engaged in relation with States by inaugurating a new level of interaction with them. The article proposes that future topics to be included in the active agenda of ILC follow this pattern. When topics prompt urgency, the Commission should speed up their inclusion, whilst at the same time amply consulting UN Member States prior to decisions in this respect. At the same time, it should focus on concrete solutions, which, in the case of sea-level rise, are illustrated in the article by examples such as ‘freezing’ baselines and outer limits of maritime zones, non-application of the rebus sic stantibus principle for maritime delimitation agreements or the strong presumption of continuity of statehood when territory is fully submerged. The increased interaction could be facilitated by constant consultation of Member States on lists of potential new topics. Other proposals, such as the creation of more Study Groups or the appointment of Co-Special Rapporteurs for a topic, could be considered. In the view of the author, such approaches could reinforce the key role and mission of ILC for the future. The article also presents the main pronouncements of the International Court of Justice (ICJ) on sea-level rise in its recent Advisory Opinion on the Obligation of States in respect of Climate Change (23 July 2025).

Introduction. Climate change has been identified by the World Economic Forum as one of the global shocks of today and the next 10 years. Climate change affects the macroeconomic, fiscal, financial, and other sectors. Government planning requires an understanding and, in some cases, a quantitative assessment of the consequences of climate change and the consideration of these consequences in the country's budget plans and debt sustainability analyses. The aim of the study is to identify the channels through which climate risks caused by climate change affect fiscal space, as well as to outline policy measures for adapting to climate change and mitigating its effects. Materials and methods. The following methods were used to conduct the study: analysis, synthesis, systematization, generalization, horizon scanning, etc. The study was based on reviews by international organizations (the IMF, the European Central Bank, the US Federal Budget System, the OECD) and scientific works by foreign and Ukrainian scholars. Results and discussion. The article analyzes the mechanisms and channels of transmission of climate change shocks and related climate crises to the fiscal space and fiscal stability. The consequences of these crises for public finances are considered, namely a reduction in tax revenues, customs duties, and excise taxes; an increase in government spending on healthcare, emergency assistance, social protection measures, critical infrastructure restoration, servicing public debt and public procurement of imported goods and services, and an increase in public debt and borrowing costs, which in turn could potentially worsen the country's sovereign credit ratings, thereby limiting access to debt financing. Ultimately, this will contribute to a reduction in fiscal space. Fiscal policy measures to adapt to and mitigate the effects of climate change have been outlined, the main ones being the optimisation of public spending, environmental taxes, the abolition of environmentally harmful subsidies, the promotion of climate-resilient investments, investment in early warning systems and reserve funds, etc. Conclusions. Fiscal policy, including prudent use of public funds and taxation, can be powerful tools in preparing for natural disasters, responding to emergencies, and long-term recovery from extreme weather events. Fiscal policy can be used to build long-term economic resilience by stimulating investment in climate-smart infrastructure, early warning systems, and contingency funds, as well as by implementing regulatory monitoring of climate and related fiscal risks, together with their quantitative assessment. This can help governments strategically allocate resources to address risks and create opportunities for fiscal space.

Abstract The consequences of climate change on boreal ecosystems are evident in declining permafrost extent, amplifying positive climate feedback loops, and altering the timing and intensity of hydrologic events. Thawing permafrost in the discontinuous permafrost zone could affect carbon and nutrient cycling in stream ecosystems. We examined stream chemistry and climate trends over a 20+‐year period across catchments in the Caribou Poker Creeks Research Watershed underlain with varying extents of permafrost (4%–53%). The study aimed to evaluate patterns in dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC, p CO 2 ), dissolved organic carbon (DOC), nitrogen (Dissolved organic nitrogen, and NO 3 − ), geochemical solutes (Ca 2+ , Mg 2+ , SO 4 2− ), and discharge to determine how altered terrestrial flowpaths and climate change‐related trends in temperature and precipitation have transformed solute transport in high‐latitude watersheds during the ice‐free season. We analyzed long‐term trends in stream chemistry using Thiel‐Sen analysis and a mixed effects model to quantify the influence of abiotic factors on solute concentrations. Results indicate significant declines in DOC (−109.0 to −169.9 μg L −1 yr −1 ) and p CO 2 (−24.1 ppmv yr −1 ) in higher permafrost extent sub‐catchments. The highest permafrost catchment is experiencing the greatest amount of change, contrasting sharply with opposite to fewer trends in the catchments with lower permafrost extent. Model results indicate the importance of moisture conditions and discharge ( p < 0.05), especially for changes in organic solutes. As climate change progresses, the role of these abiotic factors and permafrost thaw will remain important for solute transport dynamics in boreal headwater streams, with consequences for in‐stream communities and downstream solute yields.

Abstract The capture, utilization, and storage of CO 2 are the primary options to minimize the adverse effects of global warming and related climate change resulting from increased anthropogenic CO 2 emissions. In recent years, amino acids and amino acid‐based ionic liquids (AAILs) are proposed as promising alternatives to the traditional aqueous amine solvent‐based CO 2 capture technology due to the presence of the ─NH 2 group and a CO 2 adsorption mechanism like amines, but with many additional advantages. Besides CO 2 absorption in solvent form, amino acids/AAILs‐functionalized porous sorbents demonstrate potential in CO 2 adsorption technology, a promising alternative to solvent‐based CO 2 absorption technology, as they can avoid the huge energy penalty associated with aqueous solution regeneration by heating. Additionally, amino acids/AAILs, with their CO 2 capture abilities, have demonstrated their potential in other promising CO 2 sequestration technologies: direct air capture, CO 2 mineralization using alkaline industrial waste, and conversion of CO 2 into value‐added products. This article reviews the mechanism, comparative performance, and prospects of amino acid‐based state‐of‐the‐art technologies for CO 2 absorption and adsorption, direct air capture, bio‐mineralization, and conversion of CO 2 into value‐added products, which is helpful for the further development of amino acid‐based CO 2 sequestration technologies.

Global concerns have been expressed about climate change and its effects on human health and food security, particularly in developing nations like Ghana where agriculture depends primarily on the availability of rain. The low rate of adoption of Sustainable Agricultural Practices (SAPs), which aim to lessen the adverse consequences of climate change, raises concerns about the factors that shape adoption of SAPs in small-scale farming systems. This study uses cross-sectional data from 376 farming households in the East Gonja Municipality of Savannah Region, Ghana, to investigate factors that affect the adoption intensity of SAPs. The study used a variety of count data models, including Poisson, Negative Binomial, and Zero-Inflated Negative Binomial Regressions, to examine the robustness of the results. A diagnostic test to determine the suitability of the count data models revealed that the zero-inflated Poison model fit our data the best. The findings show that the adoption intensity of SAPs was significantly influenced by variables such as gender, engagement in non-farm income activity, land ownership, farm size, and membership of village saving and loans association (VSLA). The study suggests that, because VSLA enables farmers to obtain financing for SAPs, VSLA formation and facilitation should be strengthened to boost SAPs adoption. Farmers should also be encouraged to diversify their economic activity outside farming to generate additional revenue. Keywords: Adoption intensity, Sustainable Agricultural Practices, Village saving groups, Zero-inflated negative binomial

Flooding is a phenomenon that has become more frequent in recent years due to climate change. This also includes Poland, where a flood occurred in 2024 due to the inflow of the Genoese low. The main objective of the article is to comprehensively characterize this phenomenon in the Bóbr River Basin. To achieve this objective, available hourly hydro-meteorological data from stations monitored by the Polish Institute of Meteorology and Water Management were used. On this basis, the duration, magnitude, scale of the flood, and selected runoff measures were determined. Data shows that the flood was caused by rainfall, which occurred at the highest intensity between 13.09 and 15.09. The duration of the flood was 536 h, assuming warning levels as boundary points. The average duration of the flood in all stations was 125.32 h, and its average magnitude (ratio of the highest level to the alert level)—1.53. The 10-point flood scale adopted in the article indicates that the flood affected the area around Jelenia Góra the most (average 3.10 for the entire basin). In 6 out of 22 stations, the highest water flow measurements in history were recorded in 2024. The area around Jelenia Góra was selected as the region most exposed to flooding. This work can be a compendium of knowledge in the field of understanding the mechanisms related to flooding. It may be important in the context of formulating the future water policy, developing documents related to flood protection, adaptation to climate change and sustainable development goals.

The increasing frequency and severity of drought periods pose a significant challenge to crop production, particularly in the Southern Great Plain region, as a consequence of climate change. The aim of our research was to investigate the potential of spring rye as an alternative crop in this region, with a particular focus on the challenges posed by climate change. The selection of the SM Stefano spring rye variety, bred in Poland, was based not only on its novelty but also on its outstanding adaptability and low input requirements. The field experiment was conducted in 2023 and 2024, with trials set up at three locations in the first year and two locations in the second year. Prior to harvest, plant samples were collected from one meter per replication and subjected to laboratory analysis. This publication examines the effects of different growing sites and years on the yield and yield components of spring rye. The results were processed using statistical analysis methods. Our findings indicate that under certain conditions, spring rye can serve as a viable alternative crop in the region and may even exceed the national average yield of winter rye. Due to its short growing period and low input requirements, it can play a crucial role in sustainable farming and crop diversification.

The consequences of climate change for women in Latin American countries are more severe due to persistent gaps in education, land ownership and access to information services. These inequities heighten health, welfare and livelihood risks among rural women. To describe the relationship between climate change and food security from a gender perspective in Latin America. An exploratory review was conducted in Redalyc, SciELO, Google Scholar, EBSCO, Web of Science and Scopus. We analyzed 36 documents published between 2010 and 2022 focusing on Latin American countries he most frequently described extreme events were droughts, floods, rising temperatures, and landslides, all of which contributed to food supply shortages. Evidence shows persistent gaps in health, access to resources and information, security and human rights, which perpetuate social vulnerability and hinder the effectiveness of public policies addressing the impacts of climate change and the social consequences of the pandemic. Climate-related risks are particularly severe for indigenous and Afro-descendant women and girls, older women, LGBTIQ+ people, women with disabilities, women in migration contexts, and those living in rural, remote or disaster- and conflict-prone areas. Climate change is not gender-neutral, and there remains a gap in the implementation of gender-sensitive climate adaptation policies.

Caused by industrialization, urbanization, transportation, deforestation, and coal burning at a massive level, climate change is one of the alarming issues today , resulting in over production of heat trapping gases like methane, carbon dioxide, etc., and hence rising the temperature of earth above normal range. Natural disasters like floods, cloud bursts, soil erosion, etc., are the consequence of climate change, increasing every year. For examining the representation of this issue in mainstream media discourse, a critical discourse analysis of Greta Thunberg's speech has been done in the current study, by applying Fairclough's 3D model of critical discourse analysis. Moreover, exploration of the interplay between language, power, and ideology i.e., the role of language in shaping, challenging, or creating the ideology and power dynamics, is the main purpose of the research. The findings of current study affirm Fairclough's idea that language shapes and is shaped by the social structures, recreating, reshaping, or challenging the social or political ideology.