Biosynthesis Of Silver Nanoparticles Research Articles

Silver nanoparticles biosynthesis using mixture of Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. growth and their antibacterial activity

The biosynthesis of nanoparticles offers numerous advantages, including ease of production, cost-effectiveness, and environmental friendliness. In our research, we focused on the bioformation of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using a combination of Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. growth. These AgNPs were then evaluated for their biological activities against multidrug-resistant bacteria. Our study involved the isolation of Bacillus sp. from soil samples and Lactobacillus sp. from raw milk in Dhamar Governorate, Yemen. The synthesized AgNPs were characterized using various techniques such as UV–visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The antibacterial properties of the AgNPs were assessed using the modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method against multidrug-resistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Our results demonstrated that the use of a bacterial mixture for biosynthesis led to faster and more effective production of AgNPs compared to using a single bacterium. The UV–visible spectra showed characteristic peaks indicative of silver nanoparticles, while XRD analysis confirmed the crystalline nature of the synthesized particles. FTIR results suggested the presence of capping proteins that contribute to the synthesis and stability of AgNPs. Furthermore, TEM images revealed the size and morphology of the AgNPs, which exhibited spherical shapes with sizes ranging from 4.65 to 22.8 nm. Notably, the antibacterial activity of the AgNPs was found to be more pronounced against Staphylococcus aureus than Pseudomonas aeruginosa, indicating the potential of these nanoparticles as effective antimicrobial agents. Overall, our study highlights the promising antibacterial properties of AgNPs synthesized by a mixture of Lactobacillus sp. and Bacillus sp. growth. Further research is warranted to explore the potential of utilizing different bacterial combinations for enhanced nanoparticle synthesis.

Biofabrication of Silver Nanoparticles Using Green Seaweed: Characterisation and Antibacterial Evaluation

This study investigates the Chaetomorpha antennina (CA) seaweed-mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs). The synthesis process of silver nanoparticles was monitored over time with the help of an Ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer and further characterisation studies were also performed. Differential Light Scattering (DLS) measurements revealed a mean particle size of approximately 103.5nm and a mean zeta potential value of -57.5mV for AgNPs. The spherical shape and size of the AgNPs were confirmed through High-Resolution Transmission Electron Microscopy (HR-TEM) imaging, while Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDAX) analysis provided insights into the elemental composition. The concentration of AgNPs was estimated using Inductively Coupled Plasma Optical Emission Spectrometry (ICP-OES). The antibacterial potential of AgNPs was evaluated against both gram-positive (Bacillus cereus, Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus subtilis) and gram-negative bacterial strains (Klebsiella pneumoniae, Escherichia coli, Shigella dysentriae, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Proteus mirabilis) using the agar well diffusion method. From the results, AgNPs exhibited significant antibacterial activity against B. subtilis and S. typhi among all the tested concentration levels (25, 50, 75 and 100μl).

Phytosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous sandalwood (Santalum album L.) leaf extract: Divergent effects of SW-AgNPs on proliferating plant and cancer cells.

The biogenic approach for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles provides an efficient eco-friendly alternative to chemical synthesis. This study presents a novel route for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using aqueous sandalwood (SW) leaf extract as a source of reducing and capping agents under mild, room temperature synthesis conditions. The bioreduction of Ag+ to Ago nanoparticles (SW-AgNPs) was accompanied by the appearance of brown color, with surface plasmon resonance peak at 340-360 nm. SEM, TEM and AFM imaging confirm SW-AgNP's spherical shape with size range of 10-32 nm. DLS indicates a hydrodynamic size of 49.53 nm with predominant negative Zeta potential, which can contribute to the stability of the nanoparticles. FTIR analysis indicates involvement of sandalwood leaf derived polyphenols, proteins and lipids in the reduction and capping of SW-AgNPs. XRD determines the face-centered-cubic crystalline structure of SW-AgNPs, which is a key factor affecting biological functions of nanoparticles. This study is novel in using cell culture methodologies to evaluate effects of SW-AgNPs on proliferating cells originating from plants and human cancer. Exposure of groundnut calli cells to SW-AgNPs, resulted in enhanced proliferation leading to over 70% higher calli biomass over control, enhanced defense enzyme activities, and secretion of metabolites implicated in biotic stress resistance (Crotonyl isothiocyanate, Butyrolactone, 2-Hydroxy-gamma-butyrolactone, Maltol) and plant cell proliferation (dl-Threitol). MTT and NRU were performed to determine the cytotoxicity of nanoparticles on human cervical cancer cells. SW-AgNPs specifically inhibited cervical cell lines SiHa (IC50-2.65 ppm) and CaSki (IC50-9.49 ppm), indicating potential use in cancer treatment. The opposing effect of SW-AgNPs on cell proliferation of plant calli (enhanced cell proliferation) and human cancer cell lines (inhibition) are both beneficial and point to potential safe application of SW-AgNPs in plant cell culture, agriculture and in cancer treatment.

Effect of biosynthesised silver nanoparticles as sterilant on physiological and biochemical characteristics in micropropagation of Musa sapientum L.

Green synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using fruit peel extract has gained considerable interest, as it is an eco-friendly and cost-effective method. However, studies on the use of biosynthesised AgNPs to sterilise plant tissue culture medium as an alternative to autoclaving are limited. Thus, this study presented a biogenic method for synthesising AgNPs using mangosteen peel extract. The biosynthesised AgNPs were characterised by different spectroscopic and microscopic methods, including UV-visible spectroscopy (UV-vis), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, transmission electron microscopy, and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. The results showed that the phytochemical constituents in the mangosteen peel extract (MPE) helped to reduce Ag+ from AgNO3 to metallic silver (Ag0) and stabilise the particles. The formation of biogenic AgNPs was monitored by UV-vis demonstrating a characteristic peak at 425 nm. The AgNPs were spherical and crystalline. The size distribution of the biogenic AgNPs was 5–47 nm with an average diameter of 23.1 ± 6.8 nm. To evaluate the potential of the AgNPs for use as an alternative method to sterilise the culture medium, the antimicrobial activity of the biosynthesised AgNPs (0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 mg l−1) was tested in the banana culture medium. The most feasible concentration of AgNPs to decontaminate the culture medium was 100 mg l−1. Moreover, the results demonstrated that adding 100 mg l−1 AgNPs to the culture medium promoted the growth of the plantlets without any toxic effects. Thus, biogenic AgNPs are a potential biocide to sterilise in vitro banana culture medium.

Green synthesis of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide and Silver Nanoparticles in Satureja hortensis Leave Extract: Evaluation of Antifungal Effects on Botryosphaeriaceae Species.

In recent years, green synthesis methods of metallic nanoparticles (MNPs) have been attractive because of the more facile, cheaper, and appropriate features associated with biomolecules in MNPs biosynthesis. This research represented an easy, fast, and environmentally friendly method to biosynthesis of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONPs) and silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) by the Satureja hortensis leaf extract as stabilizer and reducer. The SPIONPs synthesized in co-precipitation method. The biosynthesized SPIONPs and AgNPs were studied their antifungal effects against three Botryosphaeriaceae plant pathogens, Botryosphaeria dothidea, Diplodia seriata, and Neofusicoccum parvum. UV-visible spectra (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), field emission scanning electron microscopy (Fe-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), and vibrating-sample magnetometer (VSM) analyses were used to evaluate the physicochemical properties and verify the formation of green synthesized SPIONPs and AgNPs. UV-Vis spectra revealed absorption peaks at 243 and 448 nm for SPIONs and 436 nm for AgNPs, respectively. Microscopic and XRD analysis showed that SPIONPs and AgNPs was found spherical in shape with an average particle size of SPIONPs and AgNPs 10 and 12 nm, respectively. The antifungal test against Botryosphaeriaceae species showed that SPIONPs and AgNPs possessantifungal properties against B. dothidea, D. seriata, and N. parvum. However, AgNPs exhibits greaterantifungal activity than SPIONPs. Theresultsof thecytotoxicitytests of SPIONs and AgNPs on the MCF-7 cell line showed that AgNPs was significantly more cytotoxictowardsthe MCF-7 cell line, whereas nosignificant cytotoxiceffect was recorded by SPIONs. Therefore, these biosynthesized MNPs could be substituted for toxic fungicides that are extensively applied in agriculture and contribute to environmental health and food safety.

Suppression of Root Rot Fungal Diseases in Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) through the Application of Biologically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles.

The biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using plant extracts has become a safe replacement for conventional chemical synthesis methods to fight plant pathogens. In this study, the antifungal activity of biosynthesized AgNPs was evaluated both in vitro and under greenhouse conditions against root rot fungi of common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), including Macrophomina phaseolina, Pythium graminicola, Rhizoctonia solani, and Sclerotium rolfsii. Among the eleven biosynthesized AgNPs, those synthesized using Alhagi graecorum plant extract displayed the highest efficacy in suppressing those fungi. The findings showed that using AgNPs made with A. graecorum at a concentration of 100 μg/mL greatly slowed down the growth of mycelium for R. solani, P. graminicola, S. rolfsii, and M. phaseolina by 92.60%, 94.44%, 75.93%, and 79.63%, respectively. Additionally, the minimum inhibitory concentration (75 μg/mL) of AgNPs synthesized by A. graecorum was very effective against all of these fungi, lowering the pre-emergence damping-off, post-emergence damping-off, and disease percent and severity in vitro and greenhouse conditions. Additionally, the treatment with AgNPs led to increased root length, shoot length, fresh weight, dry weight, and vigor index of bean seedlings compared to the control group. The synthesis of nanoparticles using A. graecorum was confirmed using various physicochemical techniques, including UV spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) analysis. Collectively, the findings of this study highlight the potential of AgNPs as an effective and environmentally sustainable approach for controlling root rot fungi in beans.

Synthesis of Ag and AgCl Nanoparticles Using Klasea latifolia and Klassa leptoclada Extracts and Assessment of the Antimicrobial Properties of the Synthesized Nanoparticles and Antioxidant Properties of the Extracts

Background: In green synthesis, metal ions are transformed into nanoparticles through a simple reaction, without the need for surfactants, specific conditions, and other stabilizing agents. Methods: This study performed the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using the extract of Klasea latifolia and Klasea leptoclada. objective: In green synthesis, metal ions are transformed into nanoparticles through a simple reaction, without the need for surfactants, specific conditions (e.g., temperature and pressure), and other stabilizing agents. Herbs, including flavonoids and other water-soluble active metabolites, could also be used to reduce metal ions to nanoparticles at room temperature. Therefore, the objective of the current research was to investigate the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using Klasea leptoclada and Klasea latifolia extracts. Results: Nanoparticles were characterized using the SEM, XRD, UV-Visible Spectroscopy, and EDS methods. The antibacterial properties of the extracts and synthesized nanoparticles were evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus cereus, and Escherichia coli using the agar disk-diffusion and well-diffusion. The antioxidants of the herbs were investigated using the DPPH and FRAP methods, and the IC50 of the extracts was determined as well. The results showed that, although no chlorinated compounds were added to the reaction medium, in addition to silver nanoparticles, silver chloride nanoparticles were also synthesized. The synthesized nanoparticles were spherical (size: 27-38 nm) and had uniform size distribution. Furthermore, the synthesized nanoparticles and extracts exhibited significant antibacterial activity. Conclusion: Many plants have been used for the biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles, but the advantage of using the extract of K.latifolia and K. leptoclada was that in addition to synthesizing silver nanoparticles, silver chloride nanoparticles were also synthesized.

Sunlight and microwave catalyzed comparative biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using in-vitro and in-vivo biomass of Fagonia schweinfurthii Hadidi, its antibacterial activity and phytotoxicity

In the present study, we explore the potential of Fagonia schweinfurthii Hadidi (FS) in-vivo plant material and in-vitro-grown callus as a bio-template for AgNPs synthesis, highlighting its eco-friendly and bio-inspired sustainable approach. The comparative efficacy of natural plant material and its callus culture was assessed for AgNP synthesis by employing both sunlight and microwave irradiation as separate synthesis methods. This yielded four distinct types of AgNPs denoted as CS-AgNPs, PS-AgNPs, CM-AgNPs, and PM-AgNPs. Sunlight-irradiated AgNP synthesis optimized at near to neutral pH (6.6), whereas microwave-assisted synthesis needed a basic pH for synthesis. Optimization of these AgNPs involved varying concentrations of AgNO3, plant aqueous extract (PAE), and callus aqueous extract (CAE) of FS, exposure time to sunlight and microwave radiation, as well as pH adjustments. The particle size of these AgNPs ranged from 5 to 30 nm, having a crystalline nature with a similar fringe width of 0.22 nm, as observed from HR-TEM analysis. These AgNPs showed significant antibacterial properties against the clinical isolates with λmax 420 nm. Importantly, CAE outperformed PAE for the biosynthesis of AgNPs, mainly in the presence of sunlight-producing CS-AgNPs. These CS-AgNPs are rapidly synthesized, well dispersed and stable, showing significant antibacterial activity, and the least environmental phytotoxicity. It promoted the number of secondary roots, seedling DW, and TWC with 100% seed germination. This highlights their sustainable features for exploring industrial eco-friendly nonmanufacturing of AgNPs using callus culture and sunlight irradiation.

A Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Efficacy of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles and Chemically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Against Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study

A Comparative Evaluation of Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Efficacy of Biosynthesized Silver Nanoparticles and Chemically Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles Against Enterococcus faecalis: An In Vitro Study

Microwave-assisted green synthesis of silver nanoparticles using turnip root (Brassica rapa subsp. Rapa) extract and their antibacterial efficacy

Biosynthesised silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), especially those synthesised by plant extracts, are extensively utilised in the fields of pharmacy and medicine due to their ability to exhibit a wide range of biological functions. The current study is focused on the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from various concentrated silver nitrate solutions using turnip root extract as a reducing and stabilising agent and to assess the in vitro antibacterial efficacy of these AgNPs. For the study, we employed microwave-assisted reduction to examine the impact of microwave energy on the resulting AgNPs in comparison to the conventional heating method. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed the crystalline nature of the as-prepared AgNPs, while field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) showed the majority of spherical-shaped AgNPs had an average grain size of 47.5 nm. Energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) indicates the high weight percentage of the produced AgNPs than for extract residue, especially for the AgNPs that are prepared with microwave assistance. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) was used to reveal the functional groups that are related to many phytochemical compounds, such as alkaloids, flavonoids, and terpenoids, which act as reducing and stabilizing agents. High zeta potential measures (−22.77 and −38.83 mv) approved the high stability of the synthesised AgNPs as higher zeta potentials typically correlate with greater stability. The antibacterial activity behaviour of the produced NPs against gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) and gram-negative (Escherichia coli) bacteria was significantly acceptable for both heating techniques, as observed from the measured inhibition zone.

Synthesis of bio-stabilized silver nanoparticles using Roccella montagnei, their anticandidal capacities & potential to inhibit the virulence factors in fluconazole-resistant Candida albicans.

Candida species is the causative agent in approximately 80% of invasive mycoses and drug-resistant Candida albicans is among the four strains of 'critical priority group' framed by WHO. Lichens are endowed with some rare phytochemicals and a plethora of therapeutics viz. antifungal capacities of Roccella montagnei. Biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using lichen could offer an eco-friendly, and cost-effective alternative against emerging 'microbial resistance.' Therefore, the objective was to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (Rm-AgNPs) using a Hydro-alcoholic (1:1) extract of R. montagnei to develop a potent anticandidal agent against Fluconazole-resistant C. albicans NBC099. UV-Spectroscopy identified AgNPs specific-peak of Rm-AgNPs at 420-440nm and FTIR revealed the presence of amines, alcohol, aromatic compounds, and acids. SEM and TEM analysis indicated that Rm-AgNPs are spherical shaped with a size range of 10-50nm. Zetasizer analysis indicated that particles are highly stable and have a mean hydrodynamic diameter of 116nm with a zeta potential charge of - 41mV. XRD analysis suggested face centered cubic crystal lattice structure. Results indicated that Rm-AgNPs strongly inhibited the growth of NBC099 at a minimum inhibitory concentration (IC50) of ≤ 15µg. C. albicans culture treated with Rm-AgNPs at concentrations below IC50, down-regulates the production of different virulence factors in NBC099, viz. hyphal formation (> 85%), biofilms production (> 80%), phospholipase, esterase, proteinase activity. The apoptosis assay demonstrated the Rm-AgNPs induced apoptosis in NBC099 cells via oxidative stress. Interestingly, Rm-AgNPs showed negligible cytotoxicity (< 6%) in murine RAW 246.7 macrophage cells at a concentration above 15µg/mL. Therefore, Rm-AgNPs have been offered as an anti-candida alternative that can be utilized to improve the efficacy of already available medications.

Use of Residual Malt from an Artisanal Beer Brewing Process in the Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles Mediated by Nucleating and Structure-Directing Agents.

Biosynthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in varied applications, which are morphology dependent. Consequently, a morphology-controlled synthesis is mandatory. Although there are several studies focused on the plant extract-based biosynthesis of metallic nanoparticles, the use of extracts obtained from agro-wastes is scant. Furthermore, information regarding morphology modification through the use of additional agents is even more scarce. Thus, in this study, AgNPs were synthesized using a malt extract (ME) obtained from an artisanal beer brewing process residue. Additionally, sodium chloride (NaCl), gum arabic (GA), and talc (T) were used in an attempt to modify the morphology of AgNPs. XRD, DLS, SEM, and TEM results demonstrate that stable AgNPs of different sizes and shapes were synthesized. FTIR, HPLC analysis, and the quantification of total proteins, free amino acids, reducing sugars, and total polyphenols before and after AgNPs synthesis showed that ME biomolecules allowed them to act as a source of reducing and stabilizing agents. Therefore, this study provides evidence that ME can be successfully used to biosynthesize AgNPs. Additionally, the antibacterial activity of AgNPs against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria was evaluated. Results indicate that AgNPs show a higher antibacterial activity against Gram-positive bacteria.

Total dissolved sulfide sensor based on biosynthesized silver nanoparticles and its applications in the environmental samples analysis

Total dissolved sulfide sensor based on biosynthesized silver nanoparticles and its applications in the environmental samples analysis

Phyto-fabrication of Moringa oleifera peel-sourced silver nanoparticles: A promising approach for combating hepatic cancer by targeting proinflammatory cytokines and mitigating cytokine storms.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) arises from precancerous nodules, leading to liver damage and inflammation, which triggers the release of proinflammatory cytokines. Dysregulation of these cytokines can escalate into a cytokine storm, causing severe organ damage. Interestingly, Moringa oleifera (M. oleifera) fruit peel, previously discarded as waste, contains an abundance of essential biomolecules and high nutritional value. This study focuses on the eco-friendly synthesis of silver nanoparticles infused with M. oleifera peel extract biomolecules and their impact on regulating proinflammatory cytokines, as well as their potential anticancer effects against Wistar rats. The freshly synthesized nanoformulation underwent comprehensive characterization, followed by antihepatic cancer evaluation using a diethyl nitrosamine-induced model (at a dose of 200 mg kg-1 BW). The study demonstrates a significant reduction in proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and nuclear factor kappa beta (NF-kB). Furthermore, it confirms that the newly biosynthesized silver nanoparticles exhibit additional potential against hepatic cancer due to their capped biomolecules.

Green Biosynthesis and characterization of organic Fructus mori-composite silver nanoparticles: Enhanced antioxidant and antibacterial activities

The bacterial resistance to antibiotics is becoming a major challenge worldwide. The novel antimicrobial silver nanomaterial without bacterial resistance has the hope of becoming a suitable substitute for antibiotics. However, it is necessary to produce nanosilver with appropriate size and better antimicrobial performance through a green and simple synthesis process. In the present study, Fructus mori-composite silver nanoparticles (M-AgNPs) were greenly biosynthesized using mulberry fruits (Fructus mori). Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) indicated the formation of M-AgNPs with face centered cubic structure. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed reducing and capping effects of mulberry fruits' organic matter (polyphenols, flavonoids, etc.) on M-AgNPs. Dynamic light scattering (DLS) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that M-AgNPs were spherical and equably distributed, with a size of about 28 nm and an excellent stability. The antioxidant activity of M-AgNPs was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-trinitrophenylhydrazine (DPPH) assay, and the highest DPPH clearance rate was 84.69±3.68 %. M-AgNPs wrapped by biomolecules exhibited stronger antibacterial activity than chemically synthesized commercial nanosilver. M-AgNPs' diameters of inhibition zone against P. aeruginosa, E. coli and S. aureus were 13.9 ± 0.4, 12.2 ± 0.3 and 12.8 ± 0.7 mm, respectively. The minimal inhibitory concentrations of M-AgNPs against E. coli and S. aureus were 4 μg/mL and 16 μg/mL, respectively, and the minimal bactericidal concentrations were 4 μg/mL and 32 μg/mL, respectively. M-AgNPs showed time-dependent damage to the cell morphology of pathogens. Such biosynthesized organic silver nanoparticles have good prospects for biomedical applications.

Phytosynthesis of Eco-Friendly Silver Nanoparticles Using Lawsonia Innermis (L) and Their Biomedical Applications

ABSTRACT Background: The present study, plant extract to biosynthesize silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), is an environmentally benign way to lessen the use of dangerous chemicals. Aims and Objectives: The antibacterial effects of the green production of AgNPs by Lawsonia inermis extract were examined. Materials and Methods: Utilizing scanning, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, and infrared spectroscopy, researchers examined the physical and chemical characteristics of synthesized AgNPs. Results: Ag-NPs have the highest peak in visible light at 460 nm, according to UV-vis analysis. When silver nanocrystals were structurally characterized, peaks that matched Bragg’s diffractions were found, with average crystallite sizes ranging from 28 to 60 nm. Examining Ag-NPs’ antibacterial properties, it was shown that all microbes are extremely sensitive to these biologically produced Ag-NPs. Conclusion: Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus were tested for the antimicrobial properties of AgNPs synthesized.

Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticle by Using Artocarpus altilis Fruit Extract for Its Biological Activity

Biosynthesis and Characterization of Silver Nanoparticle by Using Artocarpus altilis Fruit Extract for Its Biological Activity

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Aqueous Leaf Extract of Commiphora caudata And Their Antibacterial Activity against Human Pathogens

Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles with Aqueous Leaf Extract of Commiphora caudata And Their Antibacterial Activity against Human Pathogens

Morin Hydrate Mediated Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Its Antimicrobial Activity

Morin hydrate is a flavonoid that is chosen as an active ingredient for synthesizing silver nanoparticles. In order to characterize the morin hydrate assisted silver nanoparticles (MHNP), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX), dynamic light scattering analyzer (DLS) was used, and inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy (ICP-OES) studies were used to determine the total amount of silver contained in the liquid state of the MHNP. Then, the formed nanoparticles were evaluated for antimicrobial effect. In the UV-visible spectroscopy, maximum absorption was observed at 444.5 nm, which is characteristic of silver nanoparticles. According to FE-SEM data, the generated nanoparticles were spherical, and DLS analysis determined that the average particle size was 83.4 nm. EDAX images additionally proved that silver was present in the sample. The antibacterial studies revealed that the nanoparticles were effective only against certain gram-positive bacterial strains; therefore, they can be used in biomedical applications, especially for treating infections caused by gram-positive bacteria.

Enhancement of Antibacterial Silk Face Covering with the Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles from Garcinia mangostana Linn. Peel and Andrographis paniculata Extract and a Bacterial Cellulose Filter

Since the late 2010-s and early 2020s, people around the world have not only encountered the pandemic crisis, but also in some places, they have had to deal with serious levels of air pollution. Personal protective equipment is essential to protect from microorganisms or fine particulate matter. Consequently, this study aimed to develop a silk face covering that could meet the international requirements with the addition of having an antibacterial property. The developed silk face covering consisted of three layers; the outer layer was water-repellent mulberry silk, the inner layer was oil-repellent eri silk, while the middle layer was cotton fabric coated with biosynthesized silver nanoparticles from mangosteen peels mixed with Andrographis paniculata extract. A biodegradable bacterial cellulose filter made of nata de coco waste was also prepared to improve filtration efficiency. It was found that the silver nanoparticles extracted from mangosteen peel and Andrographis paniculata inhibited S. aureus and E. coli by more than 99.9%, even after 20 washing cycles. The performance properties of the silk barrier face covering met Level I of the ASTM F3502-2021 standard, as well as being comfortable for public use.