Analytical Description Research Articles

Peran, Fungsi, dan Pengakuan UNESCO dalam MOW Kepada Indonesia Tentang Naskah Negarakertagama sebagai Memori Kolektif

The Negarakertagama manuscript is a historic manuscript that must be preserved since it contains information from the Majapahit Kingdom's era. The problem arose are the threat of the manuscript not to be claimed by other nations, the threat losing documentary heritage due to war and the threat of geographical factors in Indonesia. The aim of the research is analysing the role, function, and recognition of UNESCO to protect the manuscript belongs to Indonesia in the memory of the world program. The research methodologies applied are qualitative (data collection techniques includes observations, visual analysis of literature studies, and interviews) and analytic descriptions. The theory utilized is an international organization and collective memory. The result of this study finds that UNESCO has four international organization roles which are mentioned as information, normative, operational, and rolesupervisory. The dominating function is the operational functions and is an actor to ask for collaboration. The collective memory finds that the manuscript of Negarakertagama is a genuine source of literacy regarding the history of the Majapahit Kingdom which is now safeguarded by the National Library of the Republic of Indonesia after survives the spoils of war with the help of Brandes, a Dutch philologist.

The Influence of the Design of Antenna and Chip Coupling Circuits on the Performance of Textronic RFID UHF Transponders

The objectives of this study were to design, investigate, and compare different designs of coupling circuits for textronic RFID transponders, particularly focusing on magnetic coupling between an antenna and a chip. The configuration of the inductively coupled antenna module and the microelectronic module housing the chip can be varied in several ways. This article explores various geometries of coupling circuits and assesses the effects of altering their dimensions on mutual inductance, chip voltage, and the transponder’s read range. The investigation comprised an analytical description of inductive coupling, calculations of mutual inductance and chip voltage based on simulation models of transponders, and laboratory measurements of the read range for selected configurations. The results obtained from this study demonstrate that various designs of textile transponders are capable of achieving satisfactory read ranges, with some configurations extending beyond 10 m. This significant range provides clothing designers with the flexibility to select transponder designs that best meet their specific aesthetic and functional requirements.

A Critical Review of Human Jaw Biomechanical Modeling

The human jaw is a complex biomechanical system involving different anatomical components and an articulated muscular system devoted to its dynamical activation. The numerous actions exerted by the mandible, such as talking, eating or chewing, make its biomechanical comprehension absolutely indispensable. To date, even if research on this topic has achieved interesting outcomes using in vitro testing, thanks to the development of new apparatus and methods capable of performing more and more realistic experiments, theoretical modeling is still worthy of investigation. In light of this, nowadays, the Finite Element Method (FEM) approach constitutes certainly the most common tool adopted to investigate particular issues concerning stress–strain characterization of the human jaw. In addition, kinematics analyses, both direct and inverse, are also diffuse and reported in the literature. This manuscript aimed to propose a critical review of the most recurrent biomechanical models of the human mandible to give readers a comprehensive overview on the topic. In light of this, the numerical approaches, providing interesting outcomes, such as muscular activation profiles, condylar forces and stress–strain fields for the human oral cavity, are mainly differentiated between according to the joint degrees of freedom, the analytical descriptions of the muscular forces, the boundary conditions imposed, the kind of task and mandible anatomical structure modeling.

Philosophical hermeneutics and scientific and pedagogical activities

Importance. Maintaining a continuous, equal dialogue between teachers and philosophers is one of the conditions for achieving the main humanitarian and educational goal – the upbringing of a spiritual and moral, comprehensively developed, socially responsible personality. Scientific and pedagogical activity is based on a certain system of philosophical and ideological ideas, principles and ideals that enrich and stimulate the development of educational thought and practice. Currently, the experience of philosophical hermeneutics, one of the directions of Western thought, is in great demand in educational practice. Hermeneutical theories influence the formation and formation of a special science – pedagogical hermeneutics. The principles of hermeneutics are increasingly being used as a theoretical and methodological basis for discussing and critically comprehending traditional pedagogical problems, such as methods of teaching and upbringing in the field of social sciences and humanities, assessment of the quality of education, the content and meaning of pedagogical activity. The ideas and positions of hermeneutics resonate in discussions about qualitative research. Hermeneutics helps to comprehend the genuine difficulties of interpretation that each individual faces in everyday life and professional activities. The purpose of the research is to reveal the possibilities of applying the experience of philosophical hermeneutics in the structure of scientific and pedagogical activity. To achieve this goal, the characteristic features and principles of hermeneutics as a philosophical tradition are considered, the cognitive potential of the hermeneutical approach in scientific and pedagogical practice is clarified.Materials and Methods. The following methods and approaches are used: 1) using the comparative historical method, the process of formation and development of philosophical hermeneutics is revealed, its conceptual evolution is analyzed; 2) the fundamental method of interpretation is used to work with texts of prominent representatives of philosophical hermeneutics; 3) the application of an interdisciplinary approach is due to the combination in the study of various fields of knowledge: philosophy, pedagogy, linguistics, psychology; 4) on the basis of a systematic approach, an analytical description of the applied aspect of philosophical hermeneutics for pedagogy is provided. The historical and philosophical reconstruction of the ideas and principles of hermeneutics was carried out on the basis of the works of F. Schleiermacher, W. Dilthey, M. Heidegger, G.-G. Gadamer. The specificity of the hermeneutical methodology is comprehended against the background of the positivist methodology opposite to it.Results and Discussion. The cognitive potential of the hermeneutical approach in scientific and pedagogical practice is considered. It is noted that this approach provides the teacher with an understanding of the meaning of key educational terms, which helps to avoid situations of conceptual confusion in pedagogical communication. Understanding and interpretation can cause certain difficulties for students themselves when they relate to the content of various texts. In such cases, the teacher should find out the causes of the difficulties that arise, and help the students overcome them. It is emphasized that hermeneutics forms a specific style of thinking with a clearly pronounced anti-positivist orientation. The widespread opinion about the teacher as a subject of educational activity and the bearer of genuine knowledge, which he must “put into the heads” of students, in hermeneutics gives way to the idea of learning as a process of mutual creativity, cooperation between the teacher and the student. The role of the teacher is reduced to creating conditions that ensure the “merging of horizons” of participants in pedagogical activity. Hermeneutics stimulates the formulation of questions aimed at understanding the meaning of educational activity, it clarifies the degree of involvement of the teacher in the realization of this meaning. Starting from the idea of ontological inclusion of a person in a cultural and historical tradition, hermeneutics makes it possible to understand to what extent prejudices determine our behavior and thinking, and how this circumstance affects interpersonal relationships. The hermeneutical approach makes it possible to interpret educational activities based on the idea of the uniqueness of pedagogical experience. The use of the hermeneutical method assumes that the teacher-researcher associates himself not with an impartial observer, but with a full participant in the dialogical search. Thanks to the joint efforts of the researcher and other participants in the hermeneutical conversation, meaning and understanding merge.Conclusion. It is shown that the problem of interpretation, considered in the framework of educational activities, is of a practical nature. Modern philosophical hermeneutics, having made an ontological turn, overcomes the Cartesian view of the abstract opposition of subject and object, tradition and reason, which prevails in “modernist” pedagogy. Teachers can benefit from the analysis and development of the most important ideas and provisions of hermeneutics for their application in scientific and pedagogical activities, as it helps to realize their own prejudices, questions initial interpretations, strengthens the position of self-reflection regarding the educational process.

Democratic innovations beyond the deliberative paradigm: a re-conceptualization based on Luhmann’s systems theory

ABSTRACT The current research on deliberative-participatory democratic innovations conducted by state administration agencies exhibits empirical eclecticism and is dominated by a deliberative paradigm. However, this paradigm tends to conflate normative prescription with analytical description. In contrast, this article proposes a comprehensive re-conceptualization of such innovations, drawing from Niklas Luhmann’s systems theory. It outlines the specific problem these innovations address (function), how they operate in tackling this problem (functioning) and the problems they inevitably raise (dysfunctions). In addition, my re-conceptualization retains the possibility to critically compare these (and other) experiments regarding their capability to address emerging challenges within the modern democratic political system.

Road infrastructure maintenance: Operative method for interventions’ ranking

Planned maintenance of transportation infrastructure is a milestone in maintaining the functionality and safety of road networks. This paper is part of this process and aims to propose an easily applicable and versatile operational methodology for prioritizing maintenance interventions generally scheduled on road networks of considerable extent. An operational methodology for ranking and prioritizing maintenance interventions is proposed; this method is applicable to road networks of such size that direct inspection of each situation is impossible. The core of the paper is the analytical description of this methodology, based on a weighted sum function of three blocks: i) Category − is a score related to the purpose of the intervention; ii) Asset − is a score due to the road on which the intervention is located (considering Average Daily Traffic, Accidentality, Social Cost, Road Type, Routes); iii) Typology − is a score related to the element on which the intervention is being carried out. After describing the parameters and the implementation procedure for each block, the calibration of the relative weights is described, and a sensitivity analysis is performed. In the case study, the proposed methodology is applied to the ANAS corporate network in Italy. This case study will highlight the usefulness, versatility, and operability of the methodology with GIS (Geographic Information System) tools for implementing thematic maps. A concluding section concerns the addition of a scoring block − Spatial Context − as an additional differentiating factor due to the spatial context of each road.

Robust two-dimensional PCANet with F-norm distance metric

The principal component analysis network (PCANet) is a simplified convolutional neural network (CNN) implemented using a deep subspace learning model. Since its typical PCA filters utilize the squared Frobenius-norm (F-norm) as the distance metric, it exhibits extreme sensitivity to outliers hidden within the data. Furthermore, PCANet faces challenges in extracting structural information in the row and column directions of images as the filters need to be pre-vectorized. To address these issues, we propose a robust bi-directional two-dimensional PCANet (RBDPCANet), wherein the filters utilize the F-norm instead of the squared F-norm to mitigate the impact of outliers. Additionally, the relationship between reconstruction errors and projection distances is simultaneously considered in the objective function. After a concise analytical description of the PCANet concept and related work, we present the methodology for generating three convolutional kernels in the form of RBDPCANet-1, RBDPCANet-2, and RBDPCANet-3 algorithms. These convolution kernels are iteratively obtained and are suitable for numerical implementation. Each of the three algorithms uses another optimization objective function. It has been shown that in image recognition tasks, the developed methods are characterized by better resistance to noise compared to the classic PCANet approach. The rotation invariance and convergence of RBDPCANet are demonstrated according to theoretical principles. The efficacy of the proposed method is validated using images from publicly available datasets. Extensive experimental results on these datasets demonstrate that the proposed RBDPCANet not only significantly boosts the efficiency of image classification but also has strong resistance to occlusions, changes in lighting, changes in orientation, etc. Our implementation code is available at https://github.com/Wesley-li1/RBDPCANet-.

IMPLEMENTATION OF VILLAGE FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT SUPERVISION POLICY BY GOVERNMENT INTERNAL SUPERVISOR APPARATUS

Village financial governance, which is often identified with corruption and abuse in terms of its management, must be accompanied by a supervisory system by the government and the community to minimize potential irregularities. This research aims to provide an analytical description of the implementation of Permendagri Number 73 of 2020 concerning the Supervision of Village Financial Management by Government Internal Supervisor Apparatus. The method used is qualitative research. The data collection techniques include interviews, observation, documentation, and literature study. The Associate Expert Auditor of the Gowa Regency Inspectorate became the main informant in this research. Data analysis is carried out through data reduction, presentation, and verification. By referring to Edward III's Policy Implementation theory, the results show that the communication, disposition, and bureaucratic structure variables have been running quite well. However, the resource variable still needs to be constrained by the quantity of human resources who carry out the policy and the lack of supervision budget. The factors inhibiting the supervision of village financial management for APIP Gowa Regency are generally influenced by two factors, namely delays in completing supervisory recommendations and changes in village treasurers.

Analytical description of the charge-to-photon conversion efficiency for electroluminescent devices based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence

Analytical description of the charge-to-photon conversion efficiency for electroluminescent devices based on thermally activated delayed fluorescence

Radiation of a TM mode from an Open End of a Three-Layer Dielectric Capillary

Abstract Modern trends in beam-driven radiation sources include the interaction of Cherenkov wakefields with open-ended circular waveguides with complicated dielectric linings, with a three-layer dielectric capillary recently proposed to reduce radiation divergence being a representative example [Jiang S et al. 2020 Opt. Lett. 45 5416]. This paper presents a rigorous approach that allows for an analytical description of the electromagnetic processes that occur when the structure is excited by a single waveguide TM mode. In other words, the corresponding canonical waveguide diffraction problem is solved in a rigorous formulation. This is a continuation of our previous papers which considered simpler cases with a homogeneous or two-layer dielectric filling. Here, we use the same analytical approach based on the Wiener-Hopf-Fock technique and deal with the more complicated case of a three-layer dielectric lining. Using the obtained rigorous solution, we discuss the possibility of manipulating the far-field radiation pattern using a third layer made of a low permittivity material.

Theoretical-Numerical Investigation of a New Approach to Reconstruct the Temperature Field in PBF-LB/M Using Multispectral Process Monitoring

The monitoring of additive manufacturing processes such as powder bed fusion enables the detection of several process quantities important to the quality of the built part. In this context, radiation-based monitoring techniques have been used to obtain information about the melt pool and the general temperature distribution on the surface of the powder bed. High temporal and spatial resolution have been achieved at the cost of large storage requirements. This contribution aims to offer an alternative strategy of gaining information about the powder bed’s temperature field with sufficient resolution but with an economical amount of data. The investigated measurement setup uses a spectrometer to detect the spectral radiation intensities emitted by an area enclosing the melt pool and part of its surroundings. An analytical description of this process is presented, which shows that the measured spectral entities can be reconstructed by the Ritz method. It is also shown that the corresponding weighting factors can be physically interpreted as subdomains of constant temperature within the measurement area. Two different test cases are numerically analyzed, showing that the methodology allows for an approximation of the melt pool size while further assumptions remain necessary to reconstruct the actual temperature distribution.

Manufacturing of Sapphire Crystals with Variable Shapes for Cryosurgical Applications

Consideration of sapphire shaped crystals as the material for manufacturing of medical instruments expands the opportunities of various approaches for diagnostics, exposure and treatment. Due to physical, mechanical and chemical properties of sapphire, as well as to its complex shape, such instruments are capable to demonstrate better performance for medical applications comparing to common tools. However, the manufacturing of high quality sapphire crystal with such geometry is still a complex issue, that usually requires application of various crystal growth techniques assisted with the automated weight control system. In this work, we consider one of such cases, that is the growth of a sapphire crystal, which can be applied for cryosurgery as an applicator due to a hollow-monolithic shape transition. Its hollow part can be filled with coolant in order to enable fast freezing of biological tissue during application. For this aim, it is of high importance to exclude the appearance of inclusions during the shape transition. To overcome this problem, we suggest using of noncapillary shaping (NCS) technique of crystal growth and study the weight signal measured during the manufacturing. We obtain the analytical description of the weight signal alteration that can be used as the program equation to control the crystal shape. We experimentally demonstrate the advantage of using such crystal for cryosurgery and obtaining faster ice-ball formation inside the model gelatin-based medium in comparison with the usage of the monolithic sapphire applicator of the same diameter. The demonstrated ability can be applied for future development of cryosurgical tools, while the analytical description of the weight signal could find its application for NCS manufacturing of sapphire crystals for other purposes.

A statistical learning framework for mapping indirect measurements of ergodic systems to emergent properties

The discovery of novel experimental techniques often lags behind contemporary theoretical understanding. In particular, it can be difficult to establish appropriate measurement protocols without analytic descriptions of the underlying system-of-interest. Here we propose a statistical learning framework that avoids the need for such descriptions for ergodic systems. We validate this framework by using Monte Carlo simulation and deep neural networks to learn a mapping between nuclear magnetic resonance spectra acquired on a novel low-field instrument and proton exchange rates in ethanol-water mixtures. We found that trained networks exhibited normalized-root-mean-square errors of less than 1% for exchange rates under 150 s−1 but performed poorly for rates above this range. This differential performance occurred because low-field measurements are indistinguishable from one another at fast exchange. Nonetheless, where a discoverable relationship between indirect measurements and emergent dynamics exists, we demonstrate the possibility of approximating it in an efficient, data-driven manner.

Analytical presentation of symmetrized vibrational functions of high symmetry molecules for applications in molecular spectroscopy and chemical physics: Accurate prediction of the vibrational spectrum of GeH[formula omitted] up to 8000 cm−1 as a relevant application example

We report here the analytical description of vibrational wave functions being most important for applications in quantum mechanics, molecular and chemical physics as applied to the high symmetry XY4 (Td) molecules. A general method is discussed and, for the first time, all vibrational functions of such molecule type are presented in an analytical and symmetrized form for all polyads up to the polyad number N=4. To illustrate the relevant application of the derived results, an accurate prediction of all vibrational band centers up to 8000 cm−1 is made for five stable isotopologues MGeH4(M=76,74,73,72,70) of the germane molecule.

Analytical description of the wear process using a multi-stage contact fractal approach

This work introduces the contact perspective as a potential reason for the stage transition in the wear process. Our investigation centers on the origin of nanoscale debris, with a specific critical length scale governing its formation. Additionally, the plastic contact of the asperity, a crucial factor that represents the effects of normal contact in wear generation, is also determined by the critical length scale. Incorporating the critical length scales, a length scale region corresponding to wear is defined, based on this specific length scale region an understanding of the wear coefficient is established subsequently. Due to variations in critical length scale, the wear production is endowed with a stage transition process. The proposed wear coefficient has a deterministic analytic expression with effects of surface roughness to facilitate a prior prediction of wear rate between fractal surfaces.

LEGAL PROTECTION FROM AN INTERGENERATIONAL JUSTICE PERSPECTIVE: A CONCEPT FOR LEASING FREEHOLD LAND IN THE TOURISM AREA IN BALI

In accordance with developments over time and the development of tourism as a business field in Bali, the need for land as a supporting factor for tourist destinations is increasing. For instance, in Bali, several destinations never stop being developed, either in coastal areas, in cities or in the mountains, which have become tourism objects and are balanced with local wisdom as instruments of cultural tourism destinations hence sometimes the need for land to support the tourism activities is obtained by lease often does not take into account for next generations who will obtain the same rights due to a very long lease period. This research mainly discussed the process of leasing freehold land in several areas in Bali and how the rental period for freehold land in Bali shall be regulated to reflect fairness between generations in the future. This is empirical research that focuses on the empirical symptoms that can be observed in real life. The analysis was carried out qualitatively and presented as an analytical description. The research indicated that the process of the right to lease a freehold land in Bali still happens, especially for the tourism business, agreements are made before a Notary as authentic deed, and there shall be a concept in terms of lease period that mentions specific time if the freehold land is being developed for tourism destinations, hence it can be perceived by next generations.

Effect of Banditry on School Attendance Among Students in Sakaba Local Government Area, Kebbi State, Nigeria

This research work studied the Effect of Banditry on School Attendance among Students in Sakaba Local Government Area of Kebbi State, Nigeria. This study used a mixed method. This is a case study and the population of the study comprised 5434 students, 60 teachers and 2717 parents. The sampling techniques used were purposive sampling for the selection of schools, systematic sampling for the selection of parents and convenient sampling for the selection of teachers. Two instruments for data collection were used; Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and a Questionnaire. The validity of the instruments was determined by experts in the field of measurement and evaluation while a reliability index of 0.76 for the Questionnaire was arrived at after conducting a test re test. The reliability of the Qualitative instrument was determined through administration on a wide range of participants outside the study area. Analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20 and percentages. The findings were presented in the form of tables, figures and analytical descriptions using themes and sub-themes. The study revealed the problems faced and the effects of Banditry on Secondary School attendance such as: the feeling of fear and anxiety, trauma and psychological impact, disruption of daily school routines and extra-curricular activities, lack of safety measures, displacement and destruction of infrastructure and economic impact among others. The study recommended that to ensure safety, security and safe learning environment, parents and guardians should be engaged in discussion on safety measures.

Packing Soft Polygons in a Minimum Height Rectangular Target Domain

The paper studies packing polygons of variable shapes, regarding the stretching coefficient, in a rectangular target domain of minimum height. Packing objects of a variable shape have a wide spectrum of applications, e.g, in biology, materials science, mechanics, land allocation, and logistics. Interest in these problems is also due to the modeling of the structures of porous media under pressure, e.g., for creating test models of artificial digital cores. Elements of porous media can be deformed under the influence of an external force, but the mass of each particle remains unchanged. This corresponds to conservation of area for the two-dimensional case. Polygonal objects must be completely contained within the target domain (containment constraint) and do not overlap (non-overlapping constraint), provided they have free translations, continuous rotations, stretch transformations, and conserve their area. The phi-function technique is used for an analytical description of the placement constraints for variable shape polygons. Quasi-phi-functions for describing non-overlapping constraints and phi-functions for describing containment constraints are defined. The packing problem is presented in the form of a nonlinear programming model. A solution strategy is proposed, which consists of the following stages: generation of feasible starting points; search for local minima of the problem of packing soft polygons for each starting point using the decomposition algorithm; choosing the best local minimum found at the previous stage. To search for smart starting arrangements, an optimization algorithm for packing original polygons using their homothetic transformations is applied. Decomposition of the problem of packing polygons of variable shapes is based on an iterative procedure that allows reducing a large-scale problem to a sequence of smaller nonlinear programming problems (linear to the number of objects). Numerical examples are provided for oriented rectangles and non-oriented regular polygons. Keywords: packing, polygons, stretch transformation, rectangular container, quasi-phi-functions, optimization, decomposition algorithm.

Dynamical theory of topological defects II: universal aspects of defect motion

We study the dynamics of topological defects in continuum theories governed by a free energy minimization principle, building on our recently developed framework (Romano et al 2023 J. Stat. Mech. 083211). We show how the equation of motion of point defects, domain walls, disclination lines and any other singularity can be understood with one unifying mathematical framework. For disclination lines, this also allows us to study the interplay between the internal line tension and the interaction with other lines. This interplay is non-trivial, allowing defect loops to expand, instead of contracting, due to external interaction. We also use this framework to obtain an analytical description of two long-lasting problems in point defect motion, namely the scale dependence of the defect mobility and the role of elastic anisotropy in the motion of defects in liquid crystals. For the former, we show that the effective defect mobility is strongly problem-dependent, but it can be computed with high accuracy for a pair of annihilating defects. For the latter, we show that at the first order in perturbation theory, anisotropy causes a non-radial force, making the trajectory of annihilating defects deviate from a straight line. At higher orders, it also induces a correction in the mobility, which becomes non-isotropic for the +1/2 defect. We argue that, due to its generality, our method can help to shed light on the motion of singularities in many different systems, including driven and active non-equilibrium theories.

Pulsed excitation of a quantum oscillator: A model accounting for damping

Abstract This article proposes a model that accounts for damping of a quantum oscillator (QO) during pulsed excitation. Our model is based on the Schwinger formula, which calculates oscillator’s excitation probability through the energy of an associated classical damped oscillator. We utilize this model to describe the influence of damping on temporal and spectral dependences of QO excitation, induced by electromagnetic pulses with exponential and double exponential envelopes. The oscillator excitation is analyzed in terms of transition probability between stationary states after pulse termination. Here, we present an analytical description of these dependences, along with numerical results. Specifically, we derive analytical expressions that depict the saturation effect during pulsed excitation, taking into account the damping of a QO. The evolution of the temporal dependence of the excitation probability with a change in the damping constant is numerically traced. We demonstrate that the number of maxima in this dependence is determined by the values of pulse parameters and the damping constant.