Data on time trends in cluster headache epidemiology are sparse. The aim of this study was to report trends in prevalence and incidence of cluster headache in Norway over a 14-year period. We conducted a registry-based study using linked data from the Norwegian Registry for Primary Health Care, the Norwegian Control and Payment of Health Reimbursements Database, the Norwegian Patient Registry, the Norwegian Prescribed Drug Registry, and Statistics Norway from 2009 to 2022. Data included diagnostic codes, prescriptions, and education. Adults (age ≥18 years) were included. Cluster headache prevalence was defined as ≥2 contacts (clinical consults or prescriptions) for cluster headache in a 365-day period. Age-standardized trends in prevalence and incidence by sex and year, and interactions between education and year, were analyzed with negative binomial regression. We estimated prevalence rate ratio (PRR) and incidence rate ratio per calendar year with 95% CIs. The number of patients with cluster headache increased from 1,029 in 2009 (median age 44 years; 39.7% women) to 1,833 patients in 2022 (median age 47 years; 50.1% women). The annual age-standardized prevalence rate increased from 27.0 to 42.5 per 100,000 in the same period. Women had a 3-fold higher annual increase of 6% (PRR 1.06, 95% CI 1.05-1.07) compared with 2% (PRR 1.02, 95% CI 1.02-1.03) in men. The prevalence rate was higher in women than in men by 2022 (43.4 vs 41.7 per 100,000). The annual prevalence of chronic cluster headache and refractory chronic cluster headache varied between 6%-7% and 1%-2% of all cluster headache cases, respectively. The annual age-standardized incidence rate of cluster headache increased in women, from 10.1 to 14.6 per 100,000 from 2012 to 2022 and decreased in men, from 13.5 to 11.0 per 100,000. Incidence and prevalence rates were higher among individuals with lower education. Prevalence increased over 14 years, possibly reflecting improved diagnostic practices and awareness. These findings challenge previous reports of cluster headache predominantly affecting men, illustrating distinct shifts and trends in disease epidemiology. A limitation was the lack of clinical validation of cluster headache diagnostic codes in primary health care.

Gut microbiota transfer from old mice accelerates aging in adults.

Myoclonin1 haploinsufficiency in motile ciliated cells partially recapitulates epileptic features of Efhc1-deficient mice in adult age.

Prevalence, vector density and associated risk factors of caprine trypanosomosis: a cross-sectional study in Arbaminch, Southern Ethiopia.

• In Japanese people, aging expands personal space (PS) only in men. • Demographic variables significantly explained PS while the sensory decline did not. • Self-protection, one of the PS’s mechanisms, was not supported. • Inter-individual difference in discomfort tolerance was confirmed for each PS. Personal space is the area around an individual that, when intruded upon, causes discomfort related to self-protection. While aging tends to expand personal space owing to functional decline, our preliminary survey results suggest that Japanese individuals do not believe this applies to older Japanese adults. We further investigated the effect of age and sensory function, in addition to other confounding variables such as gender, on personal space, among Japanese adults by using two methods for validity: the standard stop-distance paradigm and the discomfort paradigm. Because the results for the stop-distance paradigm and discomfort paradigm did not correlate well, we utilized the results of the discomfort paradigm to predict participants’ feelings of discomfort with the distance as assessed by the stop-distance paradigm. Age-related expansion of personal space was observed only in men, which does not fully conform to the findings of previous studies or the proposed underlying mechanism of self-protection. Further, while sensory function did not significantly explain variability in personal space, demographic variables, such as gender, significantly affected personal space and were interpretable given the cultural characteristics and health-related factors of Japanese people, which are further discussed.

Advancing brain age estimation: normative deviation mapping (NDM) for sensitive detection of pathological aging.

Racial and/or Ethnic, Sex, and Age Differences in Smoking Prevalences Among Youth and Young Adults.

Close kin availability and mortality among older adults in Brazil.

To compare postoperative outcomes and complications between closed reduction and open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) of condylar and subcondylar fractures. This is a multicenter, retrospective database study utilizing data from 64 healthcare organizations in the United States from January 1, 2010 to July 31, 2025. The TriNetX database was used to identify adult patients ages 18 years or older with a history of condylar or subcondylar fractures. These patients were either treated with closed reduction or ORIF. The relative risks (RRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for outcomes and complications were assessed within 1 year postoperatively. Infection at or around the surgical site was more common with ORIF (RR: 0.64 [0.47-0.88]), while jaw pain and malocclusion were more frequent after closed reduction (RR: 1.73 [1.29-2.33]; 1.61 [1.21-2.15]). Malunion/nonunion and wound disruption rates were similar between groups (RR: 0.95 [0.61-1.48]; 1.33 [0.69-2.59]), and there were no facial nerve injuries. Patients treated with closed reduction had higher 30- and 90-day emergency department visit rates (RR: 1.90 [1.55-2.33]; 1.73 [1.44-2.09]). Closed reduction is associated with a higher rate of jaw pain, malocclusion, and visits to the emergency department when compared to ORIF, but associated with an increased risk of infection. There was no risk of facial nerve injury or osteomyelitis with either treatment options. 3.

Cross-sectional and within-person associations of chronic overlapping pain conditions and psychosocial functioning in young adults.

Fixational microsaccades (FM) encompass the involuntary, small-scale movements of the eye that occur as we attempt to fixate on a single point. These movements are crucial for maintaining a steady visual perception despite our gaze's constant, subtle changes. FM is significant because it can serve as an indicator of central nervous system disorders; for example, altered FM correlated with multiple sclerosis disability levels and disease progression. This study aims to characterize FM in patients with Parkinson disease (PD). Fourteen older adults (age 71.0 ± 7.2 years, 6 females) with PD and 17 controls (age 73.4 ± 4.4 years, 15 females) were recruited. Retinal motion traces were recorded using a tracking scanning laser ophthalmoscope (TSLO, RetiTrack, C. Light Technologies, Cambridge, MA). The number of FM, saccade amplitude, velocity, peak velocity, and frequency were measured. All FM measurements were significantly different between PD and controls (P values < 0.05): the number of saccades (19.45 ± 7.40 vs 10.19 ± 6.69, P = 0.001), average amplitude (0.44 ± 0.15 vs 0.33 ± 0.10°, P = 0.027), average velocity (7.45 ± 1.44 vs 6.46 ± 0.96°/s, P = 0.037), average peak velocity (10.48 ± 2.99 vs 8.49 ± 2.03°/s, P = 0.044), and saccade frequency (1.95 ± 0.74 vs 1.07 ± 0.69 Hz, P = 0.002). Furthermore, the average amplitude strongly correlated with the Movement Disorders Society-sponsored Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale part III (MDS UPDRS III) motor subscale (r = 0.62, P = 0.02) and the Unified Parkinson Disease Rating Scale Hoehn and Yahr Stage (UPDRS HY Stage) (r = 0.62, P = 0.02). Similarly, average velocity and average peak velocity significantly correlated with both UPDRS III (r = 0.56, P = 0.04) and UPDRS HY Stage (r = 0.59, P = 0.03-0.04). These results indicated that PD patients had larger, more frequent, and quicker microsaccades, which were associated with disease severity. To our knowledge, this is the first study to characterize FM using TSLO in patients with PD. The tracking scanning laser ophthalmoscope appears to have high precision and sensitivity, offering detailed, real-time retinal imaging with minimal motion artifact. The results indicate that impaired fixational microsaccades in PD correlate with disease severity, suggesting that altered FM could serve as a biomarker for progression and treatment response.

Removing Tobacco Price Discounts from the Retail Point-of-Sale Exterior Reduces Young Adults' Future Cigarette Smoking Susceptibility: an Experimental Investigation.

The need for long-term support: Five-year outcomes after severe injury in older adults.

Associations between physical function, balance confidence, and the probability of walking instability among older adults.

Association between physical activity and stationary time variability and frailty in adults meeting and not meeting activity guidelines.

Over 40% of Jordan's population falls within the adolescent and young adult (AYA) age group (15-39 years). Cancer diagnosed in this population has unique biological, clinical, and psychosocial characteristics. This study describes national incidence trends and treatment outcomes among AYA patients in Jordan. This retrospective observational study utilized data from Jordan Cancer Registry (JCR) reports (2000-2022), King Hussein Cancer Center (KHCC) registry outcomes, and the latest GLOBOCAN report. Descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, and log-rank testing were used to evaluate cancer incidence and overall survival. The median age at cancer diagnosis in Jordan is 57 years, significantly younger than in Western countries. Over the past 23 years, the total number of cancer cases among AYA increased from 654 in 2000 to 1,167 in 2022, representing 13.3% of all cancer diagnoses in that year. Most cases (36.8%) occurred in the older AYA subgroup (35-39 years). Age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) were consistently higher in females than males across all AYA age groups, largely driven by breast and thyroid cancers. ASIR increased from 17.3 per 100,000 in the youngest group (15-19 years) to 84.4 per 100,000 in the oldest group (35-39 years). The 5-year overall survival (OS) among AYA patients was 73.0% (95% confidence interval (CI), 71.8-74.1), significantly better than older adults at 57.1% (95% CI, 56.4-57.8). Jordan's population is predominantly young, with over 40% classified as AYA. Although cancer incidence is lower in this age group compared with older adults, outcomes are generally more favorable. A comprehensive AYA oncology strategy incorporating specialized psychosocial, fertility, and survivorship services should be prioritized, particularly in resource-restricted settings.

An optimal risk score for early plasma leakage prediction in adult dengue patients: A multicenter study.

Predicting progression of Mycobacterium avium complex pulmonary disease with treatment using explainable artificial intelligence techniques.

Bidirectional associations between socioeconomic status, physical activity, and depressive symptoms in middle-aged and older adults: A cross-lagged prospective cohort study.

Living apart, ageing well: Exploring the cultural narratives of flourishing among older adults ageing alone in South India