Artificial intelligence in wound care education: Scoping review.

A scoping review on the neurosequential model.

This study examines the Tangerang Religious Court's ruling in case number 1189/Pdt.G/2023/PA.Tnk, focusing on child custody disputes arising from apostasy within marital dissolution. The research investigates how Islamic civil law operates within Indonesia's judicial framework, particularly when religious conversion becomes a determining factor in custody arrangements. Employing a normative juridical approach alongside descriptive analytical methods, the investigation draws primary data from court rulings, trial documentation, and judicial reasoning articulated by the panel of judges. Secondary sources encompass statutory regulations, Islamic jurisprudence literature, scholarly journals, and pertinent reference materials. The theoretical foundation rests on Classical Islamic Law principles articulated by Imam Syafi'i, which address the legal implications of apostasy on marital bonds and parental rights, complemented by legal interpretation frameworks developed by Dr. Yahya Harahap, SH., MH., regarding procedural justice in religious courts. The research reveals tensions between protecting children's religious upbringing and applying established custody principles that typically favor maternal care for young children. Findings demonstrate how judges navigate between statutory law, Islamic jurisprudence, and the best interests of the child when apostasy disrupts conventional custody determinations.

ABSTRACT This study aims to explore the qualitative role of general practitioners (GPs) in the healthcare referral system, emphasizing their strategic function as coordinators and gatekeepers in ensuring accessible, efficient, and continuous healthcare services. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach through a literature-based study, utilizing data from academic journals, books, and official reports published between 2015 and 2025. Data collection was conducted using systematic literature tracing and document analysis, while data analysis involved thematic identification, data reduction, categorization, and inductive interpretation. The findings reveal that GPs are central actors in coordinating patient care, determining referral appropriateness, and bridging communication between primary and secondary healthcare providers. The effectiveness of referral practices is influenced by factors such as communication quality, system infrastructure, professional competence, and policy support. Moreover, the implementation of e-referral systems and interprofessional collaboration has significantly enhanced the efficiency and transparency of referral processes. However, challenges such as administrative burden, uneven access to specialists, and limited training in complex case management persist. The study concludes that strengthening GP autonomy, improving digital integration, and reinforcing continuous professional development are essential strategies to optimize referral systems. These findings contribute to the theoretical development of primary healthcare and offer practical insights for improving policy and clinical coordination. Keywords: general practitioners, referral system, primary healthcare, qualitative research, coordination.

Economic development strategies play a crucial role in achieving sustainable growth through increased national productivity and equitable welfare distribution. The stability of macroeconomic indicators such as inflation, exchange rates, and gross domestic product growth reflects the effectiveness of government development policies. This study aims to analyze the relationship between economic development strategies and macroeconomic equilibrium in Indonesia by examining the interconnection between the product market and the money market. The research adopts a qualitative approach using literature studies derived from scholarly journals, academic articles, and economic publications obtained from Google Scholar and other credible sources. The findings indicate that maintaining balance between the product market and the money market contributes significantly to national economic stability. A well-coordinated synergy between fiscal and monetary policies is essential to preserve macroeconomic stability and ensure that economic development progresses inclusively and sustainably amid global challenges.

Abstract: This paper explores how investment scams in India have evolved from traditional schemes to modern online frauds utilizing digital platforms and social media. It compares the operational methods of past and current investment scams and explains the reasons behind this shift, including digital expansion and easier access to online investment opportunities. Based on secondary data from academic journals, reputable news sources, and government reports, the study uses a case-based comparative approach. It emphasizes the need for stronger regulation, better financial literacy, and increased investor awareness to safeguard individuals from financial fraud in the digital age. Overall, the analysis demonstrates that although scam methods have changed, ongoing gaps in regulation and investor awareness still facilitate investment scams.

Pulpotomy is increasingly considered a viable treatment for permanent teeth with carious or traumatic pulp exposure, particularly when preserving pulp vitality is desired. Materials such as Calcium Hydroxide (CH), Mineral Trioxide Aggregate (MTA), Biodentine, and iRoot BP Plus have distinct properties. Although many studies report favorable outcomes, direct comparisons between these materials in permanent teeth remain limited, and evidence on their relative long-term performance is inconclusive. This systematic review aimed to evaluate and compare the clinical and radiographic outcomes of CH, MTA, Biodentine, and iRoot BP Plus in permanent teeth, providing evidence to guide material selection in clinical practice. A comprehensive search of Cochrane, PubMed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, and Sage Journals was conducted for studies published from 2000 up to mid 2025 using keywords such as Pulpotomy, Vital Pulp Treatment (VPT), Calcium Hydroxide (CH), MTA, Biodentine, and iRoot BP Plus. The review followed PRISMA 2020 guidelines and the PICOS framework. The quality of randomized controlled trials was assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2 (RoB 2) tool, while cohort and case reports were evaluated using the JBI checklist. A total of 1,543 studies were initially identified, and 22 met the inclusion criteria, with follow-up periods ranging from 6 to 45.6 months. Risk of bias assessments indicated sufficient quality for data extraction. MTA demonstrated consistently high success rates (80%-100%), with several studies reporting complete clinical and radiographic success. iRoot BP Plus also showed excellent outcomes (84.6%-100%), with near perfect results in multiple studies. Biodentine achieved success rates from 70.7% to 100%, with most studies above 90%. CH showed more variable performance (37.5%-99.8%), though some trials reported outcomes comparable to MTA. MTA and iRoot BP Plus demonstrated superior clinical and radiographic success, with Biodentine as a strong alternative. Although CH showed lower success rates, its long history of use supports its continued relevance. These findings should be interpreted cautiously due to study heterogeneity, the limited number of high-quality trials, and short follow-up in some cases. Further well-designed randomized controlled trials with long-term follow-up are needed to confirm these results and guide material selection for pulpotomy in permanent teeth.

Urban housing built between 1949 and the commercialization of the housing market in the 1980s in China has gained increasing attention from architectural historians and conservationists. Once colloquially dismissed as ‘old, dilapidated, and small’ during China’s rapid urban renewal, these housing projects are now being reconsidered for their heritage values amid growing criticism of large-scale demolitions. However, the preservation of these buildings faces significant challenges due to their outdated floor plans, concerns over structural stability, limited research, and the absence of a shared framework for value assessment. This paper traces the historical evolution of urban housing construction in China from the 1950s to the 1980s, drawing on a range of sources, including academic journal articles, as well as official guidelines and reports. It argues that, while early housing planning in the 1950s was heavily influenced by the Soviet system that emphasized standardized design and industrialized construction, Chinese housing practices made ongoing, incremental adaptations to address technological constraints, material shortages, and regional differences. As a result, instead of aiming for a perfect solution to modern living, designers worked with imperfect solutions using available resources during a time of scarcity. Unlike the ideology-driven, standardized mass housing often associated with Soviet-influenced countries, China’s housing projects from the 1950s to the 1980s exhibit a more localized, organic response to both social and material conditions. The paper contends that this adaptive approach to housing design during this period is essential for understanding the challenges in evaluating these housing legacies today.

The U.S. healthcare system has been experiencing an increasingly cybersecurity crisis, with more than 276 million individuals having had their data stolen in 2024 and hacking-related breaches accounting for almost 80% of reported incidents. Traditional security measures have failed to combat advanced cyber threats that seek to steal sensitive PII, health insurance information, and medical infrastructure. This study analyzes the creation, deployment and operational outcomes of AI-driven cyber-risk prediction models for U.S. healthcare institutions. A systematic literature review (SLR) design was used to analyze peer-reviewed academic journals and cybersecurity reports between 2012 to 2025 in databases such as IEEE Xplore, PubMed and ACM Digital Library. The study compares machine learning approaches for supervising the learning process, deep learning models and natural language processing tasks in healthcare cybersecurity. The findings indicated that AI models show superior performance in threat and risk prediction, particularly with gradient boosting algorithms, which yield the best accuracy for vulnerability identification. However, there continue to be barriers to implementation such as resource limitations, existing infrastructure needs, workforce skill gaps and regulatory uncertainty. Budget allocation is found to be the most important determinant of AI adoption success. AI technology has the potential to transform health care cybersecurity, but true investment value will only be seen when the necessary infrastructures are in place through strategic investments, training of staff and people with IT expertise, policy harmonization (both regulatory and policy), inclusive collaborative frameworks that support collective defense and are HIPAA compliant, while taking into account patient privacy issues. Keywords: Artificial Intelligence, Cyber Risk, Prediction Models, US Healthcare Institutions

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of the reward program in improving employee loyalty and work discipline at Bank Mandiri. The research employs a qualitative descriptive approach using the literature study method, through the collection and analysis of secondary data obtained from official Bank Mandiri reports, academic journals, labor regulations, and media articles related to human resource management policies. The findings reveal that the implementation of both financial rewards (competitive salaries, performance-based bonuses, and welfare benefits) and non-financial rewards (recognition, promotions, and career development programs) has a positive impact on enhancing employee loyalty and work discipline. A fair, transparent, and sustainable reward system fosters a sense of belonging, strengthens affective commitment, and cultivates a productive and professional work culture. Moreover, the data indicate a decline in disciplinary violations over the past three years, demonstrating the effectiveness of the reward system as a form of positive reinforcement. This study highlights the importance of reward policies as a strategic instrument in human resource management and recommends that companies continuously adapt their reward systems to align with employee needs and the evolving work environment.

This study examines the role of Gyugun military education in Pagar Alam during the Japanese occupation in shaping future military and political leaders in South Sumatra throughout Indonesia’s post-independence period. Employing a historical method—comprising heuristic, verification, interpretation, and historiographical stages—the research draws upon primary sources from the South Sumatra Regional Archives and online repositories such as Delpher, the National Archives, and Trove, along with secondary materials including history books, academic journals, and previous studies. The findings reveal that Gyugun education not only instilled military discipline but also cultivated leadership, responsibility, and nationalism among its cadets. Alumni of Gyugun played crucial roles in armed resistance, the establishment of the Indonesian National Army (TNI), and the emergence of a “new elite” that occupied strategic positions in politics, bureaucracy, and the economy from the early independence period through the New Order era. The study highlights that the formation of national leadership was decentralised and significantly influenced by local actors outside Java. This research underscores the need to reposition national historiography to more inclusively reflect regional contributions to state formation. It further encourages interdisciplinary approaches to deepen understanding of civil–military relations and elite transformation in post-independence Indonesia.

This study aims to analyze the forms of transformation undertaken by madrasahs and pesantren in responding to social changes in the digital era. The research employs a library research method, examining ideas, theories, and previous research findings without conducting field data collection. Data sources are derived from academic books, journal articles, research reports, and policy documents related to Islamic education and digitalization. The research process involves identifying key issues, selecting relevant literature, and conducting content analysis to discover patterns and key findings. The data analysis technique in this literature review research uses content analysis by examining, interpreting, and synthesizing various written sources systematically to understand the transformation of madrasahs and pesantren in the digital era. The results indicate that madrasahs and pesantren play a fundamental role in instilling moral, ethical, and spiritual values through their distinctive Islamic educational traditions. However, in a modern context, pesantren have also evolved into agents of community empowerment through curriculum innovation, entrepreneurship training, and the strengthening of digital literacy to prepare adaptive generations. Although globalization presents challenges such as digital inequality and resistance to change, pesantren have managed to adapt by integrating technology into learning while maintaining their Islamic identity. Thus, madrasahs and pesantren are proven to be dynamic institutions that preserve tradition while being able to transform in accordance with the demands of the times.

In the global frenzy of blockchain technology, experts at home and abroad have conducted in-depth research on blockchain technology, vigorously promoted the digitalization and intelligent construction of blockchain applications, and deeply integrated advanced technologies such as mobile internet, big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence to promote innovation with technology. The decentralization of blockchain, reliable database, security, credibility, and quasi-anonymity have opened up new ideas for people, got rid of the shackles of centralized system and put forward new solutions to problems. “Internet plus” has brought great challenges and new development opportunities to academic journals in colleges and universities. Digitalization of paper content, modularization of periodical database, media of academic journals in colleges and universities, construction of new digital platforms, and integration and innovation of academic journals and new media are all active explorations for academic journals in colleges and universities to cope with digital transformation.

This study is motivated by the importance of implementing School-Based Management (SBM) as a decentralization strategy in education to enhance management effectiveness and improve the quality of learning in public elementary schools. Many schools still face challenges such as low teacher performance, limited community participation, and weak transparency and accountability in educational management. The purpose of this study is to analyze the implementation of SBM principles in improving teacher performance and the quality of learning at the elementary school level. The research method employed is qualitative with a descriptive approach, based on a literature review drawn from various scholarly journals, books, and official documents relevant to SBM, teacher performance, and learning quality. The results show that SBM plays a crucial role in strengthening school autonomy, increasing stakeholder participation, and fostering transparent and accountable management systems. Through democratic school leadership and a collaborative work culture, SBM enhances teacher professionalism and encourages innovation in the learning process. Therefore, SBM proves to be an effective approach to achieving sustainable improvement in the quality of elementary education.

Generation Z is entering an increasingly dynamic and competitive workforce, where technical skills alone are no longer sufficient for achieving success. Social and emotional skills, particularly empathy, have become key to building effective and sustainable relationships. This article presents a literature review exploring empathy as a “hidden superpower” for Gen Z to navigate the gateway to the professional world. The research method employed is a systematic literature study, analyzing scholarly articles, journals, and recent publications related to empathy, leadership, emotional intelligence, and multigenerational interactions in the workplace. The analysis indicates that empathy strengthens interpersonal relationships, fosters trust, and supports effective communication, while also enhancing leadership effectiveness, emotional intelligence development, and organizational sustainability. Empathetic Gen Z individuals are better equipped to navigate cross-cultural interactions, handle work pressure, and balance digital and emotional intelligence, making it a unique social and competitive capital. These findings highlight the importance of developing empathy as a strategic competency in education and soft skills training to support career success and organizational resilience in the global work era.

In this report, we examine the extensive research landscape of CRISPR with an emphasis on CRISPR therapeutics and showcase our results from an in-depth analysis of the most up-to-date scientific information consisting of more than 53,000 publications encompassing academic journal articles and patents, spanning nearly three decades, extracted from the CAS Content Collection. Our analysis indicates that cancer and infectious diseases are the most explored in the context of CRISPR. Identified gene targets associated with CRISPR-related publications are led by TP53, c-myc, and hemoglobin beta subunit (HBB). Among the many delivery methods, adeno-associated vectors (AAVs) appear to be highly explored. With >140 CRISPR-based therapeutics in the clinical development pipeline and billions of dollars in investment, the field of CRISPR continues to evolve rapidly. We also briefly discuss the ethical implications of CRISPR technology. While some fundamental challenges persist, the future of CRISPR is undoubtedly bright.

EXPRESS: From Insight to Impact: Closing the Marketing Science Value Chain with Interactive, Research-Driven Apps

Development-induced displacement and resettlement is a complex process that disrupts the social, economic, and cultural lives of affected communities. Women, in particular, are disproportionately impacted due to their central roles in household management, community engagement, and cultural preservation. Understanding how resettlement affects women’s social security is critical for designing equitable and effective resettlement policies. This study aims to examine the social and economic impacts of development-induced resettlement on women’s social security, focusing on how displacement alters access to livelihoods, social networks, cultural roles, and overall well-being. The study adopts a qualitative approach based on secondary data. Scholarly journal articles published in refereed academic journals were reviewed, and qualitative content analysis was used to systematically interpret the literature. Michael Cernea’s Impoverishment Risks and Reconstruction (IRR) Model was applied as an analytical framework to assess the socio-economic risks women face during and after resettlement. Findings indicate that development-induced resettlement significantly affects women’s social security across multiple dimensions. Socially, resettlement disrupts traditional networks, weakens community bonds, and reduces women’s participation in cultural and social activities. Economically, women face landlessness, joblessness, reduced access to resources, and increased workloads, particularly when male household members migrate for employment. These impacts exacerbate psychological stress, health vulnerabilities, and food insecurity. The study highlights that women’s social security is closely tied to household and community stability, and disruptions in women’s roles have cascading effects on families and communities. Cernea’s IRR Model effectively captures these multidimensional risks, illustrating how each risk uniquely impacts women during resettlement. Development-induced resettlement poses multidimensional challenges to women’s social security. To mitigate these impacts, resettlement planning must incorporate gender-sensitive policies, transparent communication, and active involvement of women at all stages. Ensuring women’s access to resources, decision-making, and compensation is essential for safeguarding their social security, supporting family well-being, and promoting sustainable community development.

Indonesia holds significant potential in Rare Earth Elements (REE), which play an essential role in supporting the clean energy transition and strengthening national industrialization. However, the downstream development of REE still faces major obstacles in the aspects of technology, infrastructure, and human resources (HR), resulting in suboptimal national value creation. This study aims to describe community empowerment strategies as an alternative approach to overcoming REE downstreaming challenges in Indonesia, emphasizing community involvement in enhancing technological capacity, developing local infrastructure, and improving the quality of human resources. The research employs a qualitative approach based on literature review, descriptive analysis, and reflections from community service practices. Data were obtained from secondary sources such as academic journals, policy reports, and previous studies. The findings indicate that community empowerment can be achieved through local capacity building, collaboration among academics, industry, and communities, as well as infrastructure development tailored to regional needs. This strategy aligns with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly Goal 8 which focuses on decent work and economic growth, Goal 9 which promotes industry, innovation, and infrastructure, and Goal 11 which emphasizes sustainable cities and communities, highlighting inclusive economic development and community resilience. The downstreaming of REE cannot rely solely on top-down industrial policies. Its success requires active community participation through integrated and continuous empowerment strategies to achieve inclusive and sustainable national development.

The Economic Record is a leading scholarly journal in economics, with a particular focus on issues of national and international policy relevance. Established in 1925, the journal has played a central role in advancing economic research in Australia and beyond. To commemorate its 100th anniversary in 2025, this study provides a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of its publication and citation landscape. Drawing on all publications indexed in the Scopus database (1925–2024) and the Web of Science Core Collection (1966–2024), this paper examines highly cited documents, prolific authors, institutions and countries of origin, and evolving research themes. A suite of bibliometric techniques including co‐citation, bibliographic coupling, and keyword co‐occurrence was employed using VOSviewer and bibliometrix . The findings highlight the journal's deep and evolving contributions to fields such as labour economics, macroeconomic modelling, and public policy, with particularly strong participation from institutions in Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The journal's growth and global engagement over recent decades underscore its status as a vital platform for applied economic research.