No abstract available

No abstract available

No abstract available

Safety and quality remain underdeveloped prio-rities in mental health services, particularly where resources are constrained and clinicians work in trying circumstances. Psychiatrists in these contexts may perceive safety frameworks as external impositions, adding burdens without addressing structural deficiencies. However, avoidable harm-including inpatient suicide, sexual assault, medi-cation error, and premature mortality-remains widespread and cannot be considered inevitable in any mental health system, regardless of resource.This editorial argues for reframing safety and quality systems as fundamentally relational: grounded in trust, communication, and culture rather than solely technical processes or compliance exercises. Evidence-based practice remains essential but must be pragmatically adapted to local resources, emphasising low-cost, high-impact interventions and aligning care with patient and family goals. Clinical governance should be reconceptualised as supportive rather than punitive, enabling peer learning, advocacy, and necessary system improvement.Ultimately, safety in mental health care is about people – patients, families, and staff – and the relation-ships that sustain them. By building safety systems, resource-limited services can move beyond fear of unknown and unexpected mishaps, and toward a culture where accountability, learning, and com-passion are shared responsibilities.

No abstract available

Adult ADHD is increasingly recognized in clinical practice, especially in private healthcare, leading to more patient presentations. However, accurate diagnosis remains challenging due to overlapping symptoms with other mental health issues. Thorough assessments beyond self-reports are crucial to avoid both over- and underdiagnosis, which can impact patient safety and treatment outcomes.A major challenge is the rising number of patients requesting stimulant medications, sometimes with fixed expectations. Clinicians must carefully weigh the benefits against risks such as side effects, misuse, and dependence, balancing patient autonomy with ethical prescribing.This case series from Australia and Sri Lanka high-lights the complexities in diagnosing and managing adult ADHD, emphasizing diagnostic uncertainty, prescribing pressures, treatment risks, and the vital role of psychological support. It advocates for a multidisciplinary approach combining clinical judg-ment, structured assessments, and psychological input for responsible, effective care.

Background: A person with Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) has an increased risk of mental health issues, including depression. Identifying the relationship between these two variables can be effective and important in the Sri Lankan context.Aims: This study aimed to determine the relationship between Quality of Life and Depression among patients with T2DM.Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 123 participants (above 40 years) who have clinically diagnosed with T2DM. The Sociodemo-graphic Questionnaire, the World Health Organization Quality of Life Questionnaire, and the Epidemiological Studies Center Depression Scale were used for the data collection from two selected hospitals.Results: The majority of participants were females (51.2%) and 78.8% were on Oral Hypoglycemic agents, 66.7%experienced diabetes-related complications, while perception on QoL (67.5%) and Health was mostly neutral (49.6%). The Depression levels were prevalent (13% severe and moderate 20.3%), and it revealed a significant negative correlation between depression and four domains of; physical health (r = -0.511, p=0.000), psychological (r = -0.501, p=0.004), social relationship (r = -0.487, p=0.000), and environment (r = -0.515, p=0.000), (p<0.05).Conclusion: The study highlights the negative correlation between depression and quality of life in T2DM patients in Sri Lanka. It suggests that future research should include larger, more varied samples and focus on mental health care to improve patient outcomes. The findings can inform the development of specific interventions to enhance the physical, mental, and social well-being of patients with T2DM.

In Sri Lanka, the use of psychiatric rating scales has expanded, and many tools require cultural adaptation to ensure accuracy and relevance. We examined rating scales related to mental health and psychiatry translated, adapted, and validated for Sinhala and Tamil-speaking populations from 2020 to 2025 through a literature search of PubMed, Google Scholar, and the PGIM dissertation repo-sitory. 52 scales were identified covering a wide range of psychosocial domains including mood disorders, neurodevelopmental conditions, stigma, resilience, and quality of life. Seven scales were developed locally to meet unique cultural and clinical needs, while five were validated for Tamil-speaking groups. Most validation studies utilized rigorous psychometric methods, demonstrating measurement properties ranging from acceptable to excellent.

Cognitive development arises from a dynamic interplay of genetic, neurobiological, environmental, and experiential factors. This paper explores the foundational mechanisms underpinning cognition, including the role of the hippocampus in memory formation and the influence of synaptic plasticity on long-term learning. It examines how environmental enrichment, parenting quality, nutrition, and physical activity shape cognitive outcomes through epigenetic mechanisms. The detrimental impact of chronic stress, socioeconomic disadvantages, and exam-related academic pressures on cognitive capacity is analyzed. Furthermore, the paper emphasizes the role of novelty exposure in enhancing learning and memory and explores the neurobiological basis and societal significance of empathy. The findings underscore the need for integrated strategies that foster cognitive health in early life, highlighting the importance of experience-based learning, emotional support systems, and enriched environments in optimizing developmental trajectories.

No abstract available