With a contextual and developmental perspective, this study aimed to examine Swedish late-adult fathers' reflections on their past and present parental role in relation to the mother and to see how these reflections incorporate changes in gender and parenthood during recent decades in Sweden. Twenty Swedish fathers of adult children, aged 61-77 years, participated in an interview concerning their parental identity. Answers concerning their reflections on their parental role over time and in relation to mothers were analyzed using thematic analysis. We formulated themes concerning their (1) self-positioning as a father in relation to the mother and gendered norms; (2) the fathers' wishes to have done things differently while expressing that they had no regrets over the choices they had made as a parenting couple; (3) alleviating regret by relating to history-graded changes and societal and relational contexts; and (4) an experience of "growing together" as parenting partners, interpreted as the co-construction of a joint parental identity, expressed either as a conflict-free conversation climate around parenting being interpreted as agreement or as a joint understanding emerging through discussions about parenting issues. Analyses deepened the understanding of the traditional allocation of parental roles and how fathers, in light of their lifelong parenthood and current retrospective perspective, may wish they had done things differently, while simultaneously saying they had no regrets as their joint choices had made sense at the time and seeing the fact that the "kids are alright" as proof of their successful parenthood.

Being moved, also known as kama muta, is an emotion associated with warmth and social connectedness. Although theoretical accounts posit that it may contribute to the development and maintenance of romantic relationships by fostering intimacy, affirming commitment, and reinforcing shared values, empirical research remains limited. To address this gap, we conducted three studies. Study I explored the situational effects of recalling touching events on relationship satisfaction. Building on this, Study II examined whether proneness to being moved is associated with relationship satisfaction, and additionally tested intimacy and closeness as potential mediators, and attachment styles as potential moderators of this link. Study III refined this approach by employing a relationship-specific measure of being moved to assess whether the observed effects generalize when measured within the romantic domain. Study I demonstrated that recalling touching events enhanced satisfaction, particularly among less satisfied individuals. Study II revealed that dispositional being moved was positively associated with satisfaction via intimacy and closeness, and that avoidant attachment attenuated these effects. Study III confirmed these results using the refined measure. Across three studies, being moved emerged as a relational emotion that promotes intimacy and closeness, thereby contributing to relationship satisfaction. By linking situational experiences, dispositional tendencies, and relationship-specific measurement, this research provided preliminary indications of the potential role of kama muta in sustaining romantic bonds.

Promoting intergenerational altruism among the current youth generation is crucial, and belief in a just world (BJW) may be a protective factor for intergenerational altruism. Inspired by the broaden-and-build theory of positive emotion, our research aims to investigate the relationship between BJW and intergenerational altruism among youths as well as to explore the mediating role of subjective well-being and the moderating role of authenticity in the focal relationship. Three empirical sub-studies with cross-sectional, experimental, and longitudinal designs were performed. Study 1 (N = 3398) employed a set of scales to preliminarily explore the relationships among BJW, subjective well-being, intergenerational altruism, and authenticity. Study 2 (N = 82) used a between-subjects experimental design to further test hypotheses by manipulating BJW. In Study 3 (N = 1365), a three-wave longitudinal survey was conducted to validate the moderated mediation model obtained in Studies 1 and 2. These studies converged to confirm that youths with a high BJW are more inclined to exhibit greater intergenerational altruism due to their enhanced subjective well-being. Notably, this mediation effect-along with the direct effect of subjective well-being on intergenerational altruism-was much stronger among youths with higher levels of authenticity. This work not only corroborates the significance of BJW in facilitating youth intergenerational altruism but also introduces a novel lens through which to enhance such altruistic behaviors by focusing on interventions targeting subjective well-being and authenticity.

Previous studies have examined different variables related to trust in science and associated trust in science with personal or psychological variables. In this study, we assessed the role of personal agency beliefs (free will, scientific determinism, fatalistic determinism, and unpredictability) and personality traits, focusing on the psychological underpinnings of trust in science. The study, which was conducted with 1019 individuals from a Turkish sample, revealed that psychological factors were more strongly predictive of trust in science than demographic factors. The results showed that free will and scientific determinism were associated with trust in science. In addition, individuals with conscientious personality traits were found to have higher confidence in science. By emphasizing the role of psychological factors, our study reveals the importance of supporting the relationship between science and society with more comprehensive research in the future.

Previous research has identified the link between conformity to masculine norms and negative mental health outcomes. The present study thus examined how conformity to eight distinct masculine norms is associated with social anxiety and body appreciation among a sample of 271 college men living in the United States. College men living in the United States filled out an online questionnaire that assessed the variables of interest. Our main study variables-Conformity to Masculine Norms Inventory, Social Phobia Inventory, and Body Appreciation Scale-2-were analyzed cross-sectionally using linear hierarchical regression models via SPSS. Regression analyses showed that self-reliance was positively associated with social anxiety, whereas violence and risk-taking were negatively associated with social anxiety. Furthermore, heterosexual self-presentation and risk-taking were positively associated with body appreciation, whereas self-reliance was negatively associated with body appreciation. Winning, playboy, emotional control, and power over women were neither significantly associated with social anxiety nor body appreciation. The results of our study highlight the importance of examining how different masculine norms are differentially associated with college men's health outcomes, highlighting how conformity to masculine norms is multidimensional and not unilaterally positive or negative. Implications pertaining to addressing college men's conformity to masculine norms in relation to their social anxiety and body appreciation are discussed.

Living under the threat of natural disasters affects mental health. Natural disasters that are more likely to occur in a specific season represent a special case that is becoming more frequent with the consequences of climate change. Therefore, they deserve special attention regarding their potentially seasonal mental health implications. We investigated seasonal and non-seasonal natural disasters and levels of exposure in terms of threatened safety in an online survey in Iceland. Among a total of 335 participants, there were 252 participants who had experienced natural disasters in the past or who lived under the threat of natural disasters to happen in their area of residency. We found that all participants who were exposed to natural disasters or their threat to happen had a higher risk perception for natural disasters than the control group, but disaster-related anxiety was increased only among individuals who had their safety threatened because of a natural disaster (p < 0.001). Individuals who lived under the threat of seasonal disasters or who had their safety threatened by seasonal disasters had a lower risk perception for non-seasonal disasters as compared to controls (p < 0.001). There was also an association between the experience of depression-specific seasonal symptoms and disaster anxiety (p < 0.001). The research shows the critical impacts of compromised safety due to natural disasters on risk perception and mental health, but more specifically disaster anxiety, which in turn is related to an increased vulnerability to experience seasonal symptoms.

Controversy about seasonal affective disorder lies in the poor match between its definition and the available screening methods, as well as little knowledge about the predictive value of specific seasonal symptoms assessed by those methods. We examined whether the overall score as well as sub-domains of the seasonal pattern assessment questionnaire can predict seasonal changes in mood, sleep, appetite, weight, and physical activity in a one-year prospective study. In a sample of 336 Icelandic residents, we administered an online questionnaire once in each season, including the seasonal pattern assessment questionnaire, the depression, anxiety, and stress scale, the Questionnaire on Cravings for Sweet or Rich Foods, the Bergen Insomnia scale, the International Physical Activity Questionnaire, and surveyed body height and weight. We compared participants with at least moderate seasonal changes to a control group of participants without seasonal changes. Only food cravings and physical activity showed seasonal fluctuations. In none of the domains were the seasonal fluctuations predictable by summer-time self-reported seasonal symptoms, neither in terms of general seasonal changes nor in the specific domain. While the overall low rate of seasonal changes limits conclusions, this study adds to the literature that raises doubts about the concept of the predictability of seasonal changes by self-reports.

Virtual communities play an important role in the digital economy and individuals' daily lives; therefore, both researchers and managers have endeavored to improve users' psychological ownership of virtual communities. This research aimed to examine the proposal that users' self-disclosure in virtual communities is an important influencing factor in their psychological ownership and that users' self-uncertainty plays a moderating role. Two studies were conducted to examine the proposals. To establish the causal relationship, Study 1 conducted a 2 (self-disclosure: high vs. low) × 2 (self-uncertainty: high vs. low) experimental design in which participants' self-uncertainty and self-disclosure in virtual communities were manipulated. To enhance ecological validity, Study 2 used a daily diary method that surveyed 102 college students for a week. The participants reported their daily experiences with actual virtual platforms, including self-uncertainty, self-disclosure, and psychological ownership. Studies 1 and 2 revealed that the positive relationship between self-disclosure and the psychological ownership of virtual communities was moderated by self-uncertainty. For participants with higher levels of self-uncertainty, their self-disclosure in virtual communities is more likely to increase their psychological ownership. This study revealed the moderating role of self-uncertainty in the relationship between self-disclosure and psychological ownership, which contributes to the literature on virtual communities and psychological ownership and has substantial implications for users and managers of virtual communities.

The sense of emptiness is still a poorly defined construct in the literature, yet it is frequently reported in individuals with borderline personality disorder, depressive symptoms, and narcissistic personality disorder. This paper aims to replicate those research studies showing that there are significant correlations between emptiness, insecure attachment styles, maladaptive childhood experiences, shame, impulsivity, depression, and borderline and narcissistic personality features. Additionally, it was hypothesized that a significant correlation would exist between the sense of emptiness and burdening guilt and self-hate, and that self-hate would mediate the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and preoccupied attachment and sense of emptiness. The sample consisted of 128 Italian participants recruited online, who completed a battery of self-report questionnaires designed to measure the psychopathological features described above. The sense of emptiness was strongly correlated with depression (rho 0.81, p < 0.001), borderline personality traits (rho 0.59, p < 0.01), and narcissistic vulnerability (rho 0.39 p < 0.01). Additionally, it was correlated with adverse childhood experiences (rho 0.39, p < 0.01), interpersonal problems (rho 0.41, p < 0.01), shame (rho 0.54, p < 0.01), and interpersonal guilt. Burdening guilt and self-hate mediated the relationship between adverse childhood experiences and preoccupied attachment on one side and the sense of emptiness on the other. The study confirms the correlation between the sense of emptiness and psychopathology, particularly with personality disorders and depression. Additionally, the study identifies interpersonal guilt, particularly self-hate and burdening guilt, as factors correlated with the sense of emptiness and mediating the relationships between adverse childhood experiences and preoccupied attachment with the sense of emptiness.

Stress is a potential risk factor for other serious health concerns. Studies show an association between Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and stress due to impairments in emotional regulation and executive functioning that are typical of the disorder. The Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) is among the most widely used measures of perceived stress, and its four-item version (PSS-4) lacks validation in Norwegian contexts. This study aims to evaluate the construct validity of the PSS-4 in an adult ADHD sample, to facilitate effective and valid measurements of perceived stress in this population. A total of 423 adults with ADHD were recruited through a Norwegian user involvement organization. Confirmatory factor analysis with a two- and a one-factor model was applied. Gradually, more restricted models were evaluated in terms of model fit and compared with each other to test measurement invariance across sexes. Pearson correlations were calculated for the association with related constructs. Our results favored the two-factor model, which demonstrated a good fit, over the one-factor model. Our results indicated that the PSS-4 posits measurement invariance across sexes at the configural, metric, and scalar levels. All correlations aligned with expected directions and strengths. These results indicate that the Norwegian PSS-4 posits good construct and structural validity, and measurement invariance across sexes in this population. In sum, our results support the use of the PSS-4 as a short and valid measure of perceived stress among adults with ADHD.