ABSTRACT It is known that the use of carbon fiber reinforced polymers is increasing in various sectors due to their low weight, high specific strength and resistance to corrosion. Although carbon fiber reinforced polymers can be produced with fused filament fabrication (FFF) technology even in desired complex geometries, drilling operations are often required for post‐production processes such as assembly. In this study, the effects of feed rate (0.05, 0.1, and 0.2 mm/rev), cutting speed (10, 30, and 50 m/min), and drill diameter (3 and 5 mm) on the hole drillability of polylactic acid (PLA) and carbon fiber reinforced PLA (PLA/CF) parts produced by FFF were experimentally investigated. As a result of the conducted experiments, it was observed that thrust forces decreased with increasing cutting speed, increased with higher feed rates, and further went up with larger drill diameters. The lowest surface roughness of the drilled holes, measured as 0.77 μm, was obtained at a cutting speed of 10 m/min, a feed rate of 0.1 mm/rev, and a drill diameter of 5 mm. Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM) analyses revealed that the drilled holes achieved an accuracy ranging between 97.1% and 99.9%. In addition, both macroscopic and microscopic examinations of the drilled holes were performed, and the formations around the hole periphery were identified. Finally, the specific cutting coefficient values were found to increase with the incorporation of carbon fiber reinforcement, while decreasing with higher cutting speeds and feed rates.

ABSTRACT In this study, a polyurethane foam/hollow glass microsphere (PUF/HGM) composite filler was prepared via a one‐step foaming method and incorporated into carbon fiber‐reinforced plastic (CFRP)/plastic honeycomb sandwich structures. CFRP/plastic honeycomb sandwich structures without filler and with PUF/HGM filler were fabricated respectively. The effects of varying PUF slurry ratios on the mechanical properties of PUF/HGM filled CFRP/plastic honeycomb sandwich structures were investigated through three‐point bending and compression tests. Additionally, the acoustic enhancement effect of PUF at different slurry ratios was evaluated using sound absorption tests. Results demonstrate that PUF/HGM filler compensates for the acoustic deficiencies of polypropylene honeycomb core (PPHC) while simultaneously improving the mechanical performance of CFRP/plastic honeycomb sandwich structures. In three‐point bending tests, the PUF/PPHC 5 specimen exhibited a 45.56% increase in peak load compared to the unfilled specimen. Similarly, compression tests revealed a 49.13% enhancement in peak load for the PUF/PPHC 5 composite. The sound absorption performance of PUF/PPHC series specimens increased first and then decreased with the increase of PUF density. The average sound absorption coefficient (ᾱ) and noise reduction coefficient (NRC) of PUF/PPHC 4 reached 0.3609 and 0.3955, respectively. Concurrently, the average sound insulation of the PUF/PPHC series increased significantly. These results collectively indicate that PUF‐filled CFRP honeycomb sandwich structures exhibit application value in multifunctional structural‐acoustic systems.

ABSTRACT Functional cellulose derivatives, that is, mixed cellulose esters or ethers, in combination or by themselves, drive much of the development of sustainable, high‐performance packaging materials. In this work, such thermoplastic packaging films have been prepared using mixed fatty acid cellulose esters (FACEs) and carboxymethylcellulose (CMC). The degree of substitution DS FACE and the mass ratio of CMC/FACE have been varied to obtain a promising, robust packaging film. Particularly, the CMC/FACE films prepared at a ratio of 1.9, with DS FACE : 2.16, possess appropriate mechanical, thermal and barrier properties. For instance, these exhibit a low tensile strength ( E t = 39.3 MPa) and a higher elongation ( ε B = 35.33%), indicating substantial flexibility. Moreover, these CMC/FACE films possess excellent thermal stability, with T g = 88.2°C and T m = 168.4°C. The oxygen permeability tests indicate a permeability of ca. 4.7 × 10 −10 cm 3 cm/m 2 s Pa, which places them in the high‐barrier range. These CMC/FACE films (mass ratio 1.9, DS FACE : 2.16) have a potential cost of US$ 1.2–1.6 per kg, comparable to those of conventional green plastic materials. The SCLA‐TRACI 2.0 assessment reveals potential environmental impacts are much lower than traditional polymers, for example, global warming potential of 1.1 × 10 −7 kg CO 2 eq. The CMC/FACE films demonstrate good recyclability through retaining 80% of their initial mass after processing five cycles.

ABSTRACT This study developed a novel multifunctional cable material by integrating the advantages of copper phosphide heterostructures loaded on graphite fibers (GF@Cu x P) and intumescent flame retardants (IFR). The EVA/GF@Cu x P/IFR composite exhibited an electromagnetic interference shielding effectiveness of 47.2 dB within the X‐band frequency range (8.2–12.4 GHz), primarily due to the formation of a three‐dimensional conductive network and various electromagnetic wave absorption mechanisms. Even at a high loading of 50%, EVA/GF@CuxP/IFR maintained a tensile strength of 8.81 MPa as well as an elongation at break of 159%, which was attributed to the improved interfacial compatibility due to the heterojunction structure. Furthermore, the integration of the hierarchical GF@CuxP heterojunction fiber significantly slowed down the thermal decomposition of the EVA matrix and increased char residue. The cone test revealed the peak heat release rate and peak carbon monoxide release of EVA/GF@CuxP/IFR achieved 75.1% and 51.1% attenuation compared to neat EVA. Additionally, the material showed a notable decrease in the emission of toxic gases, highlighting its superior fire safety characteristics. Importantly, this work presents a promising strategy for designing smart cable materials that simultaneously offer EMI shielding and fireproof capabilities.

ABSTRACT Pullulan‐based microfibers containing 0.25 wt% of h‐BN, MoS 2 , and their hybrid (h‐BN/MoS 2 ) were successfully produced by the Centrifugal Force Spinning Method (CFSM) and characterized by TGA, SEM, XRD, XPS, DSC and tensile tests. The nanofiller‐loaded fibers exhibited thermal behavior comparable to neat pullulan, with similar T g and stability. Tensile stress–strain tests showed up to ~45% and ~30% increases in ultimate tensile strength and modulus, respectively, while maintaining elongation. The hybrid h‐BN/MoS 2 system achieved the most balanced reinforcement, evidencing a synergistic effect. Moreover, the microfibers preserved high HaCaT cell viability and inhibited Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus growth by up to 67%, highlighting their multifunctional potential for biomedical and technological applications. This approach imparted the multifunctional character to these microfibers, with balanced thermal, mechanical, and biological properties, enabling their potential use in various technological fields.

ABSTRACT Sulfate contamination removal from mine waste and industrial water is a primary environmental concern, with high concentrations leading to disease. This research focuses on the preparation of iron oxide‐incorporated chitosan beads (IOICBs) for the effective adsorption removal of sulfate. The IOICBs were synthesized by a chemical co‐precipitation approach and characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, x‐ray Diffraction, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller analysis, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, and energy‐dispersive x‐ray mapping for structural, chemical, and morphological properties. The sulfate adsorption on IOICBs was investigated in batch mode studies using UV–Vis spectroscopy. The effect of several parameters, such as adsorbent dosage, pH, initial concentration, and contact time, on the sorption capacity of the IOICBs was studied. The IOICBs have a high efficacy for sulfate removal from contaminated water at pH 2 with a maximum sorption capacity of 147.7 mg/g at room temperature. The mechanism suggested that the presence of acidic NH 4 + functional groups on the surface of chitosan facilitates the chemisorption of the sulfate ions. The adsorption equilibrium is in good agreement with the Langmuir Isotherm ( R 2 = 0.997), and the kinetics analysis suggests the adsorption is a pseudo‐second‐order process ( R 2 = 0.992), confirming the chemisorption of sulfate species on IOICBs. After sulfate adsorption, the IOICBs were regenerated in 0.1 M NaOH solution, reused for multiple sorption/desorption cycles, and the reusability remained at over 83% after four consecutive cycles. Thus, IOICBs are potential absorbents for removing industrial pollutants such as sulfate ions from wastewater.

ABSTRACT Formation of persistent biofilm on chronic wounds is a significant complication that contributes to wound progression, tissue death, and ultimately, the need for limb amputation. Due to ever‐growing concern regarding the development of antimicrobial resistance toward antibiotics, antimicrobial enzymes such as lysozyme have been explored. In the present study, novel electrospun nanofibers were fabricated from blends of poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), chitosan, and gum arabic (GA) at three different mass ratios. The mass ratios used were 1.7: 0.02: 0.07, 1.7: 0.02: 0.14, and 1.7: 0.02: 0.21 (PVA: chitosan: gum arabic, w/w/w), corresponding to formulations NF/PCA‐1, NF/PCA‐2, and NF/PCA‐3, respectively, and an average diameter of 221 ± 59 nm was synthesized and loaded with lysozyme aggregates (amyloids) for application as wound dressing loading efficiency (up to 89%). The NF/PCA was characterized using scanning electron microscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy, Thermogravimetric Analysis (TGA), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), and contact angle assessment. NF/PCA‐3 absorbed 69% of its weight in water. The release of lysozyme from NF/PCA matrices was found to fit best to the Baker–Lonsdale model indicating that lysozyme was entrapped in the nanofiber matrix and not just adsorbed at the surface. The K m and V max values of NF/PCA‐3 loaded with lysozyme (0.25 mg/cm 2 ) 0.18 mg and 4251 units/mL, respectively. The immobilized lysozyme exhibited activity over a wide range of pH values. The lysozyme‐loaded (0.5 mg/cm 2 ) NF/PCA‐3 nanofibers possessed excellent antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus , Bacillus subtilis , and Pseudomonas with a maximum inhibition of 4.2 cm observed against S. aureus . NF/PCA‐3 also inhibited biofilm formation with an efficacy of 94.0% in the case of B. subtilis followed by 91.0% in the case of P. aeruginosa and then 42.0% in the case of S. aureus .

ABSTRACT The development of advanced composite materials for thin‐walled pressure vessels demands a balance between mechanical strength and thermal insulation. In this study, a novel three‐phase composite system comprising epoxy resin, silica (SiO 2 ) micro‐particles, and glass fiber reinforcement was fabricated and characterized for potential application in high‐performance thin vessel structures. Specimens were cured at varying temperatures (60°C to 160°C) to systematically investigate the influence of curing conditions on the structural and thermal properties. Comprehensive material characterization, including Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and x‐ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, confirmed the successful integration of silica and glass fiber within the amorphous epoxy matrix. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) revealed a two‐stage degradation process, with maximum thermal stability observed at 120°C curing temperature. Specific heat capacity ( C p ) and measurements indicated decreasing trends with increasing curing temperature, enhancing thermal insulation. Mechanical testing demonstrated that hoop strength ( S H ) and burst pressure ( P b ) improved significantly with curing temperatures up to 140°C, following third‐degree polynomial relationships. Notably, the composite cured at 120°C exhibited the highest combination of hoop strength (341.3 ± 6.5 MPa), burst pressure (16.66 ± 0.3 MPa), C p (2.33 J/g·K), thermal conductivity (0.198 W/m·K) and Factor of Safety (1.39 ± 0.024), while maintaining superior thermal resistance. Theoretical predictions showed strong agreement with experimental results across all evaluations. Overall, the optimized epoxy/SiO 2 /glass fiber composites offer a lightweight, thermally stable, and mechanically robust alternative to traditional metallic vessels, highlighting their potential for use in chemical, oil, and pharmaceutical industries requiring durable thin‐walled pressure containment solutions.

ABSTRACT The presence of sulfonamide antibiotic residues, such as sulfadiazine (SDZ), in aquatic ecosystems presents significant ecological risks, including the emergence of antibiotic resistance. Therefore, the development of precise and sensitive detection methods is of paramount importance. This study focuses on the design of a highly sensitive sensor for detecting SDZ by exploring the effects of quantum dot (QD) emission wavelength, particle size, and surface characteristics on sensor performance. Green, yellow, and red‐emitting cadmium telluride (CdTe) QDs were synthesized through systematic adjustments in the molar ratio of Cd 2+ to Te, reflux time, and solution pH. These QDs were subsequently incorporated into silica nanoparticles (NH 2 ‐SiO 2 ) via molecular imprinting technology to fabricate a multicolor fluorescent imprinted sensor. The results indicated that the sensor incorporating green‐emitting QDs (MIPs@g‐QDs@SiO 2 ) exhibited the best performance, with a detection limit of 10.53 nM, a fluorescence quenching constant of , and a linear detection range of 10–60 μmol·L −1 . In comparison, the yellow and red‐emitting QD sensors displayed higher detection limits of 30.58 and 68.52 nM, with quenching constants of and , respectively. The sensitivity of the green‐emitting QD sensor is attributed to its smaller particle size, which results in a larger specific surface area and enhanced surface effects, thereby increasing the fluorescence intensity range. Moreover, fluorescence quenching and selective adsorption experiments demonstrated that MIPs@g‐QDs@SiO 2 exhibited excellent selective adsorption properties for SDZ, contributing to its enhanced fluorescent response.