Aim: To determine the dynamics of the content of pro-inflammatory cytokines, Tumor Necrosis Factor-α (TNF-α) and Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), in blood serum under conditions of traumatic brain injury (TBI), blunt abdominal trauma (BAT), and skeletal trauma (ST), complicated by acute blood loss, after 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of the post-traumatic period. Materials and Methods: Under thiopental sodium anesthesia, male Wistar line rats were subjected to modeled TBI, BAT, and ST. In separate groups, acute blood loss of the amount 1,5% of body weight was additionally modeled. The content of TNF-α and IL-1β in blood serum was determined after 3, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of the post-traumatic period. Results: Experimental traumas of various localizations were accompanied by a pronounced systemic pro-inflammatory reaction, manifested by a significant increase in serum levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-α and IL-1β. The maximum of disturbances was observed in the early post-traumatic period, followed by a decrease, which only reached the control level in the case of TBI and ST. In conditions of BAT, the indicators were significantly higher compared to other localized traumas. When the modeled mechanical traumas of various localizations were complicated by acute blood loss of the amount 1,5% of body weight, the disturbances in the content of TNF-α and IL-1β in the blood serum became greater. The TNF-α content in all experimental groups increased up to the 7-th day, remained at the same level up to day 14, and then decreased. The IL-1β content in blood serum reached its maximum as early as 1 day of the posttraumatic period and then decreased, but both indicators did not reach the control level by the 28-th day. In conditions of BAT, the indicator was significantly higher after 3–21 days of the post-traumatic period compared to other experimental groups. Conclusions: Mechanical traumas of various localizations significantly differ in the nature of the manifestations of the systemic inflammatory reaction and react differently when complicated by acute blood loss. The greatest increase in the serum content of TNF-α and IL-1β is noted in conditions of blunt abdominal trauma.

Aim: To investigate the rate of clinical significant and insignificant Prostate Cancer (PC) in patients with initial high grade and low grade Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasia (PIN). Materials and Methods: The study included 286 patients with PIN, 152 patients with HGPIN and 134 patients with LGPIN. During 3 year follow-up prostate rebiopsies with 6 months interval were performed. Each PC case was assessed in relation to its clinical significance according to such Epstein criteria as PSA density < 0,15, Gleason score < 7, number of cores positive for tumour < 3, no more than 50% involvement by tumour in every single core. Results: During 3-year follow-up in 75 (26,2%) of 286 patients with PIN was detected PC (64 (42,1%) patients with HGPIN and in 11 (8,2%) patients with LGPIN). General estimation of clinical insignificant PC cases that were detected in patients with prior PIN amounted 12 (16%) patients. The majority of patients, namely 63 (84%) had clinical significant PC. Among 11 PC cases in patients with LGPIN 4 (36,4%) cases were insignificant. The rate of insignificant PC in HGPIN was 8 (12,5%). Statistically valid difference between HGPIN and LGPIN in rate of insignificant PC, that was 23,9% was determined. Conclusions: PIN is a cancer precursor that progresses into PC in 26,2% of cases during 3-year follow-up. The rate of clinically insignificant PC in patients with PIN was in 23,9% more in patients witn LGPIN than in patients with HGPIN.

Aim: To provide a comprehensive understanding of the profound developmental and medical challenges associated with this condition. Materials and Methods: Τhis study employed a narrative review methodology, drawing upon a wide range of peer-reviewed scientific literature, clinical guidelines, and case studies. The reviewed materials were selected based on their relevance to the neurocognitive, linguistic, diagnostic, and therapeutic aspects of Edwards syndrome. Databases such as PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar were used, with key terms including „Edwards syndrome,” „trisomy 18,” „developmental delays,” „prenatal diagnosis,” and „palliative care.” Comparative analysis was conducted to explore clinical overlaps with related syndromes such as trisomy 13 and Turner syndrome. Conclusions: Edwards syndrome presents significant challenges, requiring early diagnosis and multidisciplinary care to improve quality of life. Comprehensive understanding and tailored interventions can foster better outcomes and enhance family support systems.

Aim: Due to the increasing prevalence of temporomandibular disorders within the population, it is beneficial to implement effective diagnosis at the early stages of the disorder’s manifestation. The consequence of the occurrence of temporomandibular disorders may be a dysfunction related to the psychoemotional state. One of the research objectives was to assess the prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in the examined group of patients within the Polish population. We aimed that a relationship between psychoemotional state and the occurrence of temporomandibular disorders can be established, which was also the subject of the research conducted. Materials and methods: Patients were examined and diagnosed according to the Polish version of the RDC/TMD questionnaire (Axes I and II). Results: In the research, 135 subjects were enrolled, however 91 finished. The patients were aged 18-53. The prevalence of temporomandibular disorders in this research is 37.36% and is more frequent in women. Conclusions: The assessment and treatment of temporomandibular disorders require a multidisciplinary approach that includes consideration of the psychoemotional status.

Aim: Assessment of the risk of soil and groundwater contamination by triazine herbicides to reduce anthropogenic environment pollution and decrease the potential negative impact on public health in Ukraine and the EU. Materials and Methods: 14 preparations containing 5 active substances of the triazine class and its environmental fate in soil and water considering Ukraine and EU climatic conditions. Methods of in-field hygienic experiment, gas-liquid chromatography, analytical and statistical methods, hygienic modelling using Experimental Leaching Index (ELI), (GUS), (RLPI), (LIX), (DT50) and (KOC), SCI-GROW, LEACHmod. Results: Analysis of the physicochemical properties of studied substances showed that they were classified as mobile or moderately mobile by migration ability. Calculated T50 for studied substances allowed us to determine the hazard classes for them. Substances pertain to 2-3 classes (promethrin and terbuthylazine - class 2, moderately persistent (30-100 days), tribenuron-methyl, thifensulfuron-methyl and metribuzin - class 3, weak persistency (less than 30 days)). The determination coefficient (R2) values ranged from 0.704 to 0.995. Conclusions: According to the GUS, most of the studied substances have a moderate possibility of leaching into groundwater, except for thifensulfuron-methyl. While in EU soils the index for promethrin is very low, tribenuron-methyl is low, terbuthylazine and metribuzin are moderate, and thifensulfuron-methyl is high. The SCI-GROW assessment showed that most of them have significantly lower values in Ukraine than international values (except for promethrin), which can be explained by significant dissimilarities in maximum application rates, number of treatments, and in some cases - different resistance of substances in Ukrainian and EU soils.

Platelet-rich plasma is an autologous product used in restorative medicine. It contains a high concentration of platelets, which are rich in growth factors and other biologically active substances known for their ability to stimulate regenerative processes in the body. Currently, research is being conducted into the use of platelet-rich plasma in many areas of medicine. This publication provides information on the nature, mechanism of action, therapeutic properties and application of autologous platelet-rich plasma in medicine. Furthermore, ongoing investigations explore its potential in wound healing, orthopedics, dermatology, and even in dentistry, showcasing its versatility and promising outcomes across various medical disciplines. Additionally, the safety and efficacy of platelet-rich plasma therapies are subjects of continual scrutiny, aiming to refine protocols and expand its clinical utility with robust scientific evidence. The growing interest in this regenerative approach underscores its potential as a valuable tool in modern medical practice. Platelet-rich plasma therapy represents a promising avenue for personalized medicine, offering tailored treatment approaches that capitalize on the body's own healing mechanisms to promote tissue repair and regeneration.