Abstract A new type of self-healing gel was developed by using acrylamide (AM) and other materials, and the effects of the content of PEGDA200 and PEGDA400 on the mechanical properties of gel were compared. The results showed that adding PEGDA200 and PEGDA400 to the self-repairing gel significantly improved the performance of the composite gel. When the content of PEGDA200 in the gel was 0.2%, the rheological property after repair was 109.4% of that before repair, the compressive property after repair was 95.2% of that before repair, the adhesive property was increased by 36.8%, and the compressive strength after repair was 92.4% of that before repair. When the content of PEGDA400 in gel was 0.2%, the rheological property of gel after repair was 105.8% of that before repair, the maximum adhesion could be increased by 17.8%.

Abstract The aim of this study was to characterize the bioactive components in avocado oil (AVO) extracted by ultrasound combined with microwave, which are clean technologies used to assess oil quality. AVO samples were incubated for 30 min at 120 °C (T1), 180 °C (T2), and without any heat treatment (T3). Components were identified using chromatographic techniques, Raman spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). γ-Tocopherol and total carotenoids were affected in T2. The Raman spectrum of T3 and T1 presented a strong band at 1265 cm–1 related to the high content of linoleic acid and three bands associated with carotenoids. In the T2 sample, a weak intensity of the linolenic and linoleic acids was observed. In TGA, T2 showed a robust mass at 173.89 °C, characteristic of oxidized oil compounds. AVO treated at 120 °C for 30 min maintained the integrity of the bioactive compounds.

Abstract The work presented a facile, one-step procedure as a green assembly process for preparing silver tungstate nanorod by hydrothermal technique via a chemical reaction between silver nitrate and sodium tungstate. The synthesized precipitate was characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD) transmission electronic microscope (TEM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to ensure the formation of crystallization and single-phase material. The prepared nanorods undergo a catalytic evaluation to synthesize tetrahydrobenzo[a] xanthene-11-one derivatives by a one-pot reaction of β-naphthol, dimedone, and aromatic aldehyde with a catalytic amount of silver tungstate under the solvent-free condition at 60–70 °C. ArgC is one of the L-arginine biosynthetic pathways of mycobacterium tuberculosis. The molecular docking explains that all the synthesized compounds presented high ligand ability for the targeted enzyme compared with xanthene-9-carboxylic acid as a reference.

Abstract Fracture in a revolving tube due to creep deformation and thermal-mechanical fatigue is a growing concern in industrial equipment research and production, especially after long-term exposure to corrosion and high-temperature conditions in roasting furnaces. The calcination temperature and residence time are crucial in the catalyst production process, with optimal conditions en-hancing catalyst activity and stability. To improve the longevity of roasting furnaces, optimizing the construction structure of the calciner is critical. This study develops a novel calciner structure and mathematical models to understand the effect of structural parameters on critical performance. Computer simulations, predictive modelling, and rotational velocity analysis of the novel calciner were performed using a DEM. The effects of the baffle angle and overlap ratio on the flow pattern and MRT were studied through simulations and experiments. The main conclusions are as follows: (1) The operating parameter with the greatest effect on the MRT was the rotational angular velocity, followed by the baffle angle and overlap ratio. (2) The MRT calculation based on the numerical method model showed an error of no more than 10.0% compared to the actual measurement data, confirming the model’s accuracy. Our study provides a theoretical foundation for a deeper understanding of the complex MRT and flow field processes within this novel calciner. It also aids in optimizing the working parameters, performance, and structure of pilot equipment while offering fundamental data for future industrial applications.

Abstract The change of spontaneous curvature of nonionic surfactants is related to temperature. The phase inversion of the emulsion system is induced by temperature change, which is called phase inversion temperature method. Experiments were carried out in which Ceteareth-12 (Alkyl polyglycol ether C16-18) and Ceteareth-20 (Alkyl polyglycol ether C16-18) were used as hydrophilic emulsifiers and fatty alcohol as lipophilic emulsifiers. It was found that the increase of HLB value of hydrophilic emulsifier, the decrease of fatty alcohol content or the increase of carbon atom number of fatty alcohol led to the increase of phase inversion temperature of the system. The experimental results also showed that when the hydrophilicity of emulsifier system was enhanced, the second phase inversion would be more obvious. The phase inversion temperature of ester oils is generally higher than that of alkane oils.

Abstract The article discusses radial mixing in a Horizontal Aerated Tubular Reactor (HATR). The study aimed to experimentally investigate mixing in HATR by determining mixing time, liquid circulation time, and Peclet number values, which measure the ratio of advective to diffusive transport rates. The experimental setup included a transparent tube for observing fluid mixing and a color tracer was used for visualizing mixing. Mixing and circulation times were determined using non-intrusive optical method. The experimentally determined circulation time was in the range of 3÷6.5 s, and the mixing time was in the range of 5÷20 s. The results suggested that fluid flow structure in HATR was closer to plug flow rather than ideal mixing, as indicated by high Peclet numbers (20÷45).

Abstract In this study, chlorophenyl-substituted pyrazolone derivatives (5a–5c) were synthesized via the Baylis-Hillman acetate reaction. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization was conducted using 1H-NMR, FT-IR, and mass spectroscopy. Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations at the B3LYP/6-31(G) level was employed to optimize molecular geometries and investigate electronic properties, revealing predominantly planar structures, with notable deviations in the pyrazole group. The HOMO and LUMO analyses showed π-delocalization across the entire molecule, with charge-transfer transitions dominating the excited states. Global Chemical Reactivity Descriptors (GCRD), including chemical potential, hardness, and electrophilicity index, were used to assess molecular stability and reactivity, indicating the molecules’ resistance to electron cloud deformation. Biological evaluations revealed exceptional antimicrobial and antifungal activities of the derivatives, with compound 5a demonstrating the highest efficacy against S. aureus, E. coli, A. niger and C. albicans. Furthermore, antiproliferative studies against HepG2 liver carcinoma cells showed that compound 5a exhibited superior anticancer activity (IC50 = 6 μg/mL), attributed to its structural features, such as chlorophenyl groups and a piperidin-4-one moiety. These moieties enhance the compound’s lipophilicity, facilitating cell membrane penetration and ROS generation, which contribute to apoptosis and inhibition of cancer cell growth. The findings suggest that chlorophenyl-pyrazolone derivatives, particularly 5a, hold promise as potent candidates for antimicrobial and anticancer therapies, paving the way for further pharmaceutical development.

Abstract Completely symmetrical 6,6’-cyclohexane-1,1-diyl bis (3-substituted-3,4-dihydro-2H-1,3-benzoxazine) synthesized compounds have been able by a two-step process that yields a large amount of the compound. First, phenol and cyclohexanone were subjected to the Friedel-Craft process to produce 1,1’-bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) cyclohexane. The reaction between the bisphenol and formaldehyde and several primary amines produced unique symmetrical 1,3-benzoxazine compounds. Several spectroscopic methods, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, nuclear magnetic resonance (1H and 13C), GCMS spectrometry, and CHNS, were utilized in conjunction with tridimensional liquid chromatography (TLC) to investigate and validate the structures of the compounds created thoroughly. Two Gram-negative and two Gram-positive bacteria and a pathogenic fungus were tested for antimicrobial activity in contrast to the gold-standard medications streptomycin and nystatin. The antibacterial activity of some of these compounds was even better than that of the gold-standard medications, which is encouraging.

Abstract In free radical polymerization initiated by 2,2’-azobis(2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride, grafted starch copolymers with a weight ratio of acrylamide to acrylic acid of 1:2 were obtained. Three acrylic products were used to cross-linking starch copolymers: MBA, PETIA and EBECRYL 40 in amounts of: 0.2, 0.4, 0.6 and 1.0 wt.%. Materials were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, differential scanning calorimetry and reoviscometry. The sorption properties of starch copolymers were confirmed by sorption tests: water absorption, swelling in water and sorption of cations: trivalent iron and divalent copper. The highest water absorption is characteristic of materials cross-linked with MBA (1800%), then PETIA (1400%) and EBECRYL 40 (850%). On the other hand, the best swelling results are in the sequence PETIA > MBA > EBECRYL (1050% > 900% > 570%). The most effective sorbent of cations is the copolymer cross-linked with MBA. Solution purifications of 90% and 45% were obtained for Fe+3 and Cu+2, respectively.

Abstract Sodium metasilicate (SMS) tended to agglomerate during glycerolysis reactions in high shear compartment reactors (HSCR), hindering triacylglycerol (TAG) conversion. Therefore, the aim was to evaluate the SMS-magnesium oxide (MgO) blend as a heterogeneous catalyst for glycerolysis reactions. Various SMS-MgO ratios (ranging from 2.5:1 to 10.0:1) were evaluated. The results demonstrated that increasing MgO in the blend reduced catalyst basicity and minimized O-Si-O groups and catalyst crystallinity, preventing clumping and increasing catalyst surface area. The SMS-MgO 5.0:1 blend exhibited the smallest pore size (<2 nm) with a surface area of 4.22 m2 . g –1 and basicity of 11.59 ± 0.115 mmol . g–1. This blend achieved the highest TAG conversion of 53.98%, with a MAG content of 16.86 ± 0.528% when it was performed at 120 °C with an agitator speed of 2,000 rpm for 6 h. Thus, the SMS-MgO 5.0:1 blend shows promise as a heterogeneous catalyst in glycerolysis reaction in HSCR, hindering agglomeration and enhancing surface area.